高炉炼铁技术的结构优化

本文介绍了首钢高炉生产现状，分析了高炉炼铁技术的发展前景，提出了高炉炼铁技术结构优化的重点，即大力发展高炉喷煤技术，提高精料水平和风温，延长高炉寿命，降低工序能耗。通过技术改造提高高炉整体水平，全面实现高炉炼铁技术的结构优化。     

高炉基本操作制度的选择

对高炉基本操作制度选择的有关问题进行探讨。认为随着精料水平的提高、装备的改进和高炉操作水平的提高，目前我国高炉生产水平提高较快，但部分高炉在操作上仍存在不足之处，有待于改进，应该从高炉基本操作制度是否合理上找原因。     

900 m3高炉自动控制系统改造方案实施

随着高炉冶炼工艺技术水平的提高，高炉自动控制系统改造升级迫在眉睫。通过自控系统的改造，使其具有无缝连接、快速性、可升级、工业化、集成化、结构紧凑等特点。使高炉布料程序合理，适应高炉顺产高产要求，提高了高炉利用系数。     

重钢四高炉提高利用系数的实践

通过采取精料、提高风温、富氧喷煤和提高项压等技术措施以改善高炉冶炼条件，并维护好高炉合理的操作炉型，加强炉前渣铁排放，降低休慢风率，控制好高炉适宜的冶炼强度，以达到提高高炉利用系数的目的。     

离心式高炉鼓风机技术改造措施及效果

介绍了对炼铁厂3#高炉具体的技改措施。通过这些措施，在不更换风机，增加能耗的情况下，提高风机能力，加大风压水平。以更好地满足高炉冶炼的需要，提高了3#高炉的高炉利用系数。     

高炉喷煤若干问题解析

论述了高炉喷煤后炉内状态的变化及对冶炼过程的影响，未燃煤粉在高炉内的行为。指出，高炉喷煤后，为了高炉维持顺行，提高置换比，必须要使高炉热量收支平衡，即要维护高炉在最佳的热状态．     

1号高炉提高风温的操作实践

1号高炉后期炉在炉身采用水冷模块及推行精料的有利条件下，以提高风温利用为突破口，通过改进高炉操作技术，高炉使用风温提高至1100℃水平，高炉的强化和优化取得了显著的效果。     

喷煤促进高炉冶炼进步

随着现代高炉冶炼水平的提高，高炉喷吹煤粉对整个高炉冶炼过程产生影响，是高炉炉况调剂的重要手段。     

锰铁高炉最佳冶炼强度及其控制

论述了锰铁高炉冶炼强度与焦比，原燃料性能，高炉操作，高炉炉型等关系。根据生产实践，提出了提高冶炼，强化冶炼，改善高炉技术经济指标的措施。     

长钢6号、8号高炉成功实施双枪喷煤

喷煤是降低高炉焦比的最有效措施之一，因此，各个冶金企业都把提高煤比作为高炉技术进步的主要技术经济指标，但高炉煤比达到一定程度之后，就会存在两方面的问题。第一、随着煤比提高，高炉内焦炭的支柱作用是否可以承受；第二，输送煤粉的能力是否足够，送进高炉的煤粉是否能够完全燃烧。     

邢钢高炉用料结构的探讨

结合邢钢5座高炉生产用料与烧结系统生产的平衡,探讨了多种高炉用料的平衡方式。认为加强人炉原料的管理、提高烧结矿碱度、降低球团矿的SiO2、在碱性料和酸性料的平衡问题上,高炉配加少量熔剂有利于高炉顺行和改善技术指标。     

新兴铸管高炉炉料结构的优化与研究

围绕新兴铸管公司高炉炉料结构的优化,从提高烧结矿强度、实现高铁低硅烧结生产、优化配矿结构以改善烧结矿冶金性能以及控制入炉含粉率等方面进行了分析和研究,为公司炉料结构的发展提供决策依据。     

唐钢二炼铁厂1260m^3高炉炉身下部造衬技术

介绍１２６０ｍ３高炉炉身下部造村技术的使用情况。实践表明：采用该技术单孔造衬料压人量多达１．０ｔ，且造材料能在造衬孔周围５００ｍｍ的半径范围内紧贴炉应形成２００ｍｍ厚的致密的纯造衬料层。新炉衬使用７个月后仍具有足够的强度。     

Assembly of bacteriophage phi X174: identification of a virion capsid precursor and proposal of a model for the functions of bacteriophage gene products during morphogenesis

A capsomeric structure sedimenting with an S value of 108 in sucrose gradients was isolated from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage phi X174. The 108S material contained viral proteins F, G, H, and D, and the relative amounts of these proteins in the 108S material were similar to those in the infectious 132S particle, which has previously been described as a possible intermediate in the assembly of 114S phage particles. Electron micrographs indicated that the size and shape of the 108S material resemble those of the 132S particle. The 108S material contained no DNA, and its formation occurred independently of DNA synthesis. The 108S material accumulated in infected cells when viral DNA replication was prevented either by mutation in phage genes A or C or by removal of thymidine from a culture infected with wild-type phage or with a lysis gene E mutant. Upon restoration of thymidine to cells infected with the lysis gene E mutant and then starved of thymidine, the accumulated 108S material was converted to 132S particles and to 114S phage particles, implying that the 108S material is a precursor of phage particles. A model that proposes possible functions for the products of phi X174 genes A, B, C, D, F, and G during viral replication and phage maturation is described.     

宣钢8^#高炉往复式多环布料生产实践

宣钢８＾＃高记顶为无钟炉顶，从１９９９年１１月进行往复式多环布料试验并获得成功，配合各种制度调剂，使料柱透气性改善，煤气利用提高，降低了焦比，维护了炉型。     

新型锂离子电池正极材料LiVPO4F的研究进展

阐述了LiVPO4F研究的重要意义,综述了锂离子电池LiVPO4F正极材料的研究现状,重点对LiVPO4F材料的结构特点、电化学性能、充放电机制、合成方法以及掺杂改性进行了总结和探讨。展望了LiVPO4F材料的发展趋势,并认为采用LiVPO4F作为正极材料,是今后动力锂离子电池的发展趋势。     

Extravascular administration of factor IX: potential for replacement therapy of canine and human hemophilia B

Current therapy for hemophilia B requires large intravenous doses of factor IX (F.IX) given in the clinic or at home. Although home therapy is possible for many patients, it is often complicated by factors such as the lack of good venous access. Very little is known about extravascular routes for administering proteins like F.IX (57 kD) or other vitamin K-dependent procoagulant factors into the circulation. Questions about the absorption rate from extravascular administration as well as plasma recovery and bioavailability have arisen recently with the growing availability of highly purified procoagulant proteins and increased interest in gene therapy of hemophilia B. Therefore, a group of studies were undertaken to determine the absorption rate, plasma recovery, and bioavailability of high purity, human plasma-derived F.IX concentrates administered via extravascular routes in hemophilia B dogs and in one human hemophilia B subject. Five hemophilia B dogs were given human F.IX via either a subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.), intraperitoneal (i.p.) or intravenous (i.v.) route. In a subsequent study, a single SC administration of human F.IX was compared to an identical i.v. dose of F.IX in the human hemophilia B subject. All extravascular routes of F.IX administration in both the canine and human gave lower levels of circulating plasma F.IX than the i.v. route, however all routes resulted in measurable F.IX activity. Of the extravascular routes, the i.m. injection in the canine resulted in a bioavailability of 82.8%, while the s.c. injection resulted in a bioavailability of 63.5%. F.IX reached the plasma compartment by all extravascular routes used, confirming that F.IX can be absorbed extravascularly. The duration of measurable F.IX activity following extravascular administration is prolonged beyond that typically seen with i.v. administration. These data show that significant levels of F.IX may be obtained via s.c. injection in canine and human hemophilia B subjects and further highlight the potential of extravascular routes of administration for future experimental and clinical uses of F.IX and other procoagulant proteins.     

Genetic influences on electrical seizure threshold

C57BL/6J (B6) and DBA/2J (D2) mice have been characterized previously as seizure-resistant and seizure-sensitive, respectively, a distinction based primarily upon a differential response to the convulsant effects of various drugs. In the present study, electroconvulsive shock (ECS) was used to assess maximal electroshock threshold (MET) in B6, D2 and hybrid mice. Results revealed that D2 mice have a significantly lower MET compared to B6 mice. There was also a significant gender effect for B6 and F2 mice with females exhibiting a lower MET compared to males. METs for F1 and F2 intercross mice were intermediate between the two parental strains. The difference in variance between F2 and F1 generation mice indicated that about three-quarters of the total variance is due to genetic influence. Taken together, results of this study suggest that the large difference in MET between B6 and D2 mice is a highly heritable trait which may yield to genetic dissection through use of quantitative trait locus mapping.     

Heterogeneity of the T cell response to immunodominant determinants within hen eggwhite lysozyme of individual syngeneic hybrid F1 mice: implications for autoimmunity and infection

Hybrid F1 mice derived from inbred parental mouse strains are extensively used as animal models of human autoimmune diseases and transplantation. It is generally believed that with regard to immunologic studies, hybrid F1 mice behave in a consistent manner, equivalent to any other inbred mouse strain. In this study, we report that in comparison to inbred parental strains, individual hybrid F1 mice revealed a broad heterogeneity of proliferative response to the immunodominant determinants within hen eggwhite lysozyme (HEL). Of five parental strains tested, individual mice of three strains responding to only a few dominant HEL determinants (B6, BALB/c, and B10.PL) showed quite homogeneous patterns of response, whereas two mouse strains responsive to several determinants of HEL revealed either relative homogeneity (CBA/J mice) or heterogeneity (SJL mice) of response. However, in SJL mice, responses to major, dominant determinants of HEL were quite consistent. On the contrary, regardless of the consistency of response of parental strains, all three of F1 mice [[B6 x BALB/c]F1, [B6 x CBA/J]F1, and [SJL x B10.PL]F1] revealed significantly greater heterogeneity of response, which even involved the major, dominant determinants of HEL. We attribute the above heterogeneity of response to the competitive as well as aleatory nature of the interaction between various factors, including the coexistence of different MHC (parental as well as hybrid MHC) molecules, determinant capture, and the T cell repertoire. These results have important implications for studies on autoimmunity, infection, and vaccine design in human populations, where heterozygosity is the norm rather than the exception.