同时蒸馏萃取树莓叶片中挥发油的工艺研究

通过单因素实验得出影响同时蒸馏萃取(SDE)技术对树莓叶片中挥发油提取效果的相关因素包括物料粒径、原料是否浸泡、原料是否加盐、同时蒸馏萃取时间、料液比等。通过正交实验,确定了同时蒸馏萃取树莓叶片中挥发油的适宜工艺组合:即破碎60目(0.3mm)、液料比8∶1、浸泡10h后同时蒸馏萃取8h,各因素对提取结果影响的程度依次为:蒸馏时间>破碎程度>液料比>浸泡时间。     

树莓叶片中精油的提取工艺

采用正交试验和单因素试验相结合的方法对树莓叶片中精油的提取工艺进行了研究,得出的最佳工艺参数为:破碎60目;液料质量比为8∶1;浸泡14 h;水蒸汽蒸馏6 h。各因素对提取结果影响的程度依次为:蒸馏时间>破碎程度>液料比>浸泡时间。NaCl的加入量80 g/L可显著提高得油率。蒸馏速度200 mL/h(为每小时蒸出蒸馏器容积10%的馏出液)。     

超声波液态CO2提取分离芹菜籽油工艺条件优化的研究

目的：优选超声波液态CO2 提取分离芹菜籽油的工艺条件。方法：通过单因素试验和正交试验考察提取压力、超声时间、超声功率和料液比对芹菜籽油得率的影响。结果：以液态CO2 提取芹菜籽油各因素对芹菜籽油得率的影响大小依次为超声时间＞超声功率＞提取压力＞料液比,优化的提取工艺参数为超声时间30min、超声功率100W、提取压力4MPa、料液比1:7(m/V),在此操作条件下,芹菜籽油得率2.8%。结论：超声波液态CO2提取分离芹菜籽油是一种有效的新型分离技术。     

超声波液态CO_2提取分离芹菜籽油工艺条件的优化

目的:优选超声波液态CO2提取分离芹菜籽油的工艺条件。方法:通过单因素试验和正交试验考察提取压力、超声时间、超声功率和料液比对芹菜籽油得率的影响。结果:以液态CO2提取芹菜籽油各因素对芹菜籽油得率的影响大小依次为超声时间超声功率提取压力料液比,优化的提取工艺参数为超声时间30min、超声功率100W、提取压力4MPa、料液比1:7(m/V),在此操作条件下,芹菜籽油得率2.8%。结论:超声波液态CO2提取分离芹菜籽油是一种有效的新型分离技术。     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油工艺参数的研究

为研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳工艺参数。以八角茴香果实为原料,选取八角粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间进行4因素3水平的正交试验,比较各因素各水平下八角茴香油的提取率,测定茴香油中反式茴香脑含量,计算提取量。研究结果表明影响八角茴香油提取率的主次因素为:蒸馏时间粉碎粒度料液比浸泡时间,且不同粉碎粒度、料液比和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取率的影响差异显著(P 0.05)。影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量的主次因素为:蒸馏时间粉碎粒度料液比浸泡时间,不同的蒸馏时间极显著(P 0. 01)影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量。粉碎粒度和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取量的影响差异显著(P0.05),不同的浸泡时间和料液比对八角茴香油提取量无显著影响(P0. 05)。以提取率和提取量为参数,水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳提取条件为:八角粉碎粒度40目,浸泡32 h,料液比1:10,蒸馏3 h。粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间均不同程度地影响八角茴香油的提取率、反式茴香脑含量和提取量。     

同时蒸馏法提取艾叶挥发油及其抑菌性研究

采用同时蒸馏法提取艾叶挥发油,研究影响提取效果的单因素,并采用正交设计试验.结果表明各因素对提取效果影响程度依次为:D(蒸馏提取时间)>A(液料比)>B(物料粒径)>C(浸泡时间).正交试验最佳组合是A2B2C2D2,即粒径60目,液料比8:1(mL/g),浸泡10h后萃取8 h,得到挥发油2.94 g/kg.研究挥发油的抑菌活性,结果表明,对几种常见食品腐败微生物进行抑菌试验,黑曲霉最为敏感,在浓度为100 μg/mL完全抑制.对常见的植物病原菌进行毒力测试,辣椒疫霉最敏感,EC50为95.0 μg/mL.     

水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角精油工艺参数的研究

为研究水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳工艺参数。以八角茴香果实为原料,选取八角粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间进行4因素3水平的正交试验,比较各因素各水平下八角茴香油的提取率,测定茴香油中反式茴香脑含量,计算提取量。研究结果表明影响八角茴香油提取率的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间,且不同粉碎粒度、料液比和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取率的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）。影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量的主次因素为：蒸馏时间>粉碎粒度>料液比>浸泡时间,不同的蒸馏时间极显著（P < 0.01）影响八角茴香油中反式茴香脑含量。粉碎粒度和蒸馏时间对八角茴香油提取量的影响差异显著（P < 0.05）,不同的浸泡时间和料液比对八角茴香油提取量无显著影响（P > 0.05）。以提取率和提取量为参数,水蒸气蒸馏法提取八角茴香油的最佳提取条件为: 八角粉碎粒度40目,浸泡32 h,料液比1:10,蒸馏3 h。粉碎粒度、浸泡时间、料液比和蒸馏时间均不同程度地影响八角茴香油的提取率、反式茴香脑含量和提取量。     

同时蒸馏萃取法提取茴香根精油

优选茴香精油提取工艺,采用同时蒸馏萃取方法对茴香根实施正交实验设计L9(34),以提取率为目标,确定最佳提取工艺条件。结果:最佳条件是A3B1C3,即料液比(g/mL),浸泡90min后用同时蒸馏萃取3h。结论:优选得到的工艺稳定可行。     

水蒸汽蒸馏法提取烟草精油的研究

对水蒸汽蒸馏法提取烟草精油的工艺进行了研究。实验以烟草精油得率为指标,考察蒸馏时间、料液比、NaCl浓度、浸泡时间四因素对水蒸汽蒸馏法提取烟草精油得率的影响,通过单因素实验与正交实验对提取工艺进行优化。实验结果显示,水蒸汽蒸馏法对烟草精油提取的最佳工艺条件是蒸馏时间为2h,料液比（g／mL）为1：35,浸泡时间为0．5h,氯化钠浓度为2％,在此爷件下烟草精油平均得率可达到1．7104％。     

正交试验法优选沙枣花精油提取条件

以挥发油得率为指标,优选沙枣花精油的提取工艺。采用水蒸气蒸馏,正交试验和单因素试验相结合。最佳提取条件为沙枣花阴干捏碎后,料液比1∶10,浸泡4h,提取6h,蒸馏速度150mL/h,氯化钠浓度2%。蒸馏速度和提取时间为最主要影响因素,其次是料液比、氯化钠浓度,最后是浸提时间。     

蛋白质水解度测定方法综述

对目前国内外常用的蛋白质水解度测定方法进行了综述，其中pH—state方法是通过滴定水解过程中释放的质子测定DH；OPA、TNBS及国内常用的水合茚三酮和甲醛等测定方法是利用游离氨基的反应测定DH。     

SEROLOGIC IDENTIFICATION OF SPECIES OF ORIGIN OF SAUSAGE MEATS

SUMMARY: A partially purified immunoglobulin G (lgG) solution prepared from the serum of species to be tested was heated to the specifications for sausages. The resulting supernatant fluid was decanted and the precipitate washed with saline and used to immunize rabbits. The supernatant fluid was used to sensitize tanned sheep red blood cells. The immune serum was rendered monospecific by absorptions with heterologous, heated lgG precipitates. A sample of monospecific immune serum was absorbed with a washed homogenate of sausage. Aliquots of the monospecific immune serum, both untreated and sausage absorbed, were tested with cells sensitized with the homologous heated lgG supematant fluid. A significant reduction of titer by sausage absorption indicated that the sausages contained the meat homologous to the immune serum.     

BASIS OF STABILITY OF AMINE SALTS OF LINOLEIC ACID

SUMMARY— The mechanism and generality of the known stabilization against autoxidation conferred on linoleic acid by certain basic amino acids, such as lysine and arginine, was investigated. Basic amino acids were the only class of compounds found to confer the effect. However, the smallest basic amino acid, 2,3-diaminopropionic acid, was not effective, nor was αβω-diaminc acid, 3,6-diaminohexanoic acid, although a simple isomer of lysine. The stabilization was observed only in the solid phase. Inclusion of sodium chloride in the solid matrix was deleterious to the effect. A large number of physical and chemical observations were made and correlated but it has not been possible to draw detailed conclusions about the mechanism of stabilization, nor can a detailed structure of the stabilized complex be suggested. The cause of the phenomenon appears to be closely associated with the physical arrangement of the ions in the crystal lattice.     

聚多元羧酸盐的合成及应用

研究了聚多元羧酸盐的合成方法及反应机理,将其应用于洗涤剂和PVC制品中分别代替三聚磷酸钠和邻苯二甲酸二丁酯,证明有良好效果。     

百年风尚

一场流光溢彩、赏心悦目的展览,一段百年风尚演进的传奇旅程,一次东西方文化艺术的完美对话。2013年9月13日,“博萃臻艺一中西方珍宝艺术展”在辽宁省博物馆举行了隆重的开幕仪式,法兰西共和国驻华大使白林女士、辽宁省文物局局长丁辉先生、辽宁省博物馆馆长马宝杰先生、卡地亚全球总裁兼首席执行官邓阁仕先生、卡地亚区域行政总裁（北亚洲）陆慧全先生、卡地亚中国区首席执行官陆意斯先生、辽宁省文物店总经理张春鹰先生,以及众多文化界与文博界的贵宾齐聚一堂,共同见证了这场文化艺术盛事。     

STABILITY OF AQUEOUS EMULSIONS OF THE ESSENTIAL OIL OF HOPS

Hop oil emulsions prepared from different varieties of hops have been found to exhibit enhanced physical stability on the addition of blends of the emulsifiers Span 20/Tween 80 or Span 60/Tween 60. Examination of the particle size and volume distributions of an emulsion by use of a Coulter Counter was found to be an excellent method of monitoring its stability. An indication as to the relative efficiency of emulsifiers can be obtained from Coulter Counter measurements on hop oil emulsions after storage for 4 days. The use of an ultracentrifuge provies a rapid means of testing emulsion stability and hence the effectiveness of emulsion stabilizers.     

EFFECTS OF TYPES OF FAT AND OF RATES AND TEMPERATURES OF COMMINUTION ON DISPERSION OF LIPIDS IN FRANKFURTERS

ABSTRACT— The effect of time, temperature and rpm of comminution of emulsions was determined on the dispersion of approximately 25% of beef fat, pork fat or cottonseed oil in frankfurters. The numbers of lipid particles 5 μ or less in diameter increased in frankfurters containing either beef or pork fat as comminution was continued to higher temperatures, with pork fat dispersed more thoroughly. Fat tended to separate from frankfurters containing beef fat in particles 200 μ or more in diameter. In contrast, no specific degree of dispersion of particles 5 μ or less in diameter consistently indicated emulsion stability, or its lack. Increased rpm during comminution produced an increased dispersion of beef or pork fat. Under the same conditions pork fat was dispersed more finely than beef fat. Dispersion of cottonseed oil produced finely dispersed particles beyond the resolution of light microscopy, as was confirmed by electron microscopy which showed a substantial number of particles to be less than 1 μ in diameter.     

ANALYTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PRODUCTS OF NONENZYMATIC GLYCOSYLATION OF LYSOZYME

The quantitative analysis of the reaction products of the water activity dependent nonenzymatic glycosylation of lysozyme was not straightforward. Difficulties arose in the determination of the number of bound glucose molecules because glycosylation leads to glucose mediated protein aggregation, and the likely presence of a mixture of relatively labile Schiff-base intermediates, and the more stable ketoamine products generated by Amadori rearrangement. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to monitor protein aggregation; periodate oxidation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and oxalic acid hydrolysis combined with HPLC, emerged as the most promising methods to quantitate the degree of glycosylation. Possible interpretations are advanced to explain the apparent discrepancies in degree of glycosylation suggested by the different analytical methods evaluated.     

DEVELOPMENT OF CHAINS OF CELLS OF SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE DURING FERMENTATION

The lengths of chains of cells of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were studied during fermentation. Pitching yeast generally contained about half of the total number of cells as two-celled chains. The chain lengths varied during the subsequent fermentation and the variations were characteristic of the strain. Electronic counting assessments of chain length were unreliable.     

矩阵乘积的行式,列式

给出了ｍ×ｍ矩阵与ｍ×ｎ矩阵的行（列）式的表达式．若Ａ＝ａ１１ａ１２…ａ１ｍａ２１ａ２２…ａ２ｍ……ａｍ１ａｍ２…ａｍｍＢ＝ｂ１１ｂ１２…ｂ１ｎｂ２１ｂ２２…ｂ２ｎ……ｂｍ１ｂｍ２…ｂｍｎ分别是ｍ×ｍ，ｍ×ｎ矩阵，则｜Ａ｜｜Ｂ｜＝｜ＡＢ｜＋∑ｉ１＜ｉ２＜…＜ｉｔｊ１＜ｊ２＜…＜ｊｔ１≤ｔ≤ｍｎ－ｔ≥ｍＮＢｉ１ｉ２…ｉｔｊ１ｊ２…ｊｔＮＡＢ１…ｍ（－１）ｓｔ＋１ｊｔ＋１…（－１）ｓｎｊｎ其中ｉ１，ｉ２，…，ｉｔ是１，２，…，ｍ中ｔ个数码；ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｔ＋１，…，ｊｎ是１，２，…，ｎ的一个排列；ｓｒ＝π（ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ）（ｒ＝１，２，…，ｎ）是排列ｊ１，ｊ２，…，ｊｔ，ｊｒ的反序数．