新型钛基PbO2电极的制备及电催化性能研究

采用电沉积法制备分别掺杂了Bi,La和Ni的3种钛基PbO2电极,通过酸性嫩黄模拟废水的脱色率比较不同金属掺杂对电极性能的影响.并利用循环伏安法（CV）和扫描电镜（SEM）,分别对掺Ni二氧化铅电极和普通二氧化铅电极进行表征,发现提高电极析氧电位和改变电极表面晶粒分布是Ni修饰电极比未修饰电极催化效果提高的主要原因.     

钛基PbO2的电极性能及用于酸性嫩黄2G废水处理的研究

采用SEM，XRD等手段分析了Ti/Sb₂O₅+SnO₂/α-PbO₂/β-PbO₂电极的结构和性能.同时将其用于酸性嫩黄2G废水的处理，对影响COD去除率的各种要素进行了试验研究.最终确定了反应器的最佳运行条件为：电流强度0.6A、电解时间6h、极板间距32mm、初始pH值6.0.结果表明，该反应器具有较高的COD去除率，并能有效地提高废水的可生化性.     

修饰石墨基二氧化铅电极电催化氧化降解苯胺

选择石墨作为基体,采用电沉积的方法制备出掺杂镧元素修饰的二氧化铅电极.通过对该电极进行XRD和SEM测试,发现电极的表面主要成分为β-PbO₂,底层为α-PbO₂;镧金属的氧化物嵌入到PbO₂晶格当中,使晶形发生显著改变;电极表面致密均匀,空隙率大,利于对目标有机物吸附和发生电催化氧化反应.以该修饰电极为阳极,石墨电极为阴极,对苯胺模拟废水进行电催化氧化处理,分别考察了阴离子种类、电流密度、进水质量浓度、反应初始pH值对苯胺和COD去除率的单因素影响.该修饰二氧化铅电极对苯胺的电化学氧化降解反应基本符合一级反应动力学规律.     

CuO/AC粒子电极的制备及其电催化性能

以活性炭为载体,通过浸渍法制备了CuO/AC粒子电极,采用XRD、SEM、EDS等方法对粒子电极的理化性能进行了表征,并通过荧光测定粒子电极对于羟基自由基的生成能力。结果表明,CuO负载于粉末状活性炭表面,提供了更多的电化学活性位点;CuO的引入,增强了粒子电极的羟基自由基生成能力。考察了CuO/AC粒子电极电催化氧化处理活性艳蓝KN-R模拟废水脱色性能。CuO/AC粒子电极对目标污染物活性艳蓝有着良好的电催化氧化性能。在反应时间为1 h时,CuO/AC粒子电极的脱色率(87.2%)比AC粒子电极(64.6%)提高了22.6%,且可多次循环利用。     

钛基PbO2的电极性能及用于酸性嫩黄2G废水处理的研究

采用SEM，XRD等手段分析了Ti／Sb2O5＋SnO2／α-PbO2/β-PbO2电极的结构和性能．同时将其用于酸性嫩黄2G废水的处理，对影响COD去除率的各种要素进行了试验研究．最终确定了反应器的最佳运行条件为：电流强度0．6A、电解时间6h、极板间距32mm、初始pH值6．0．结果表明，该反应器具有较高的COD去除率，并能有效地提高废水的可生化性．     

Ti/SnO2-Sb2O5/PbO2阳极电催化降解含环己酮废水的研究

高浓度、组成复杂的工业有机废水难以直接用普通的生物处理法处理，因此，需要探索经济有效的废水处理方法.电化学氧化法是比较有效的处理该类废水的方法.采用Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₅/PbO₂电极作为阳极，探索利用阳极电催化氧化法处理含环己酮废水的方法，采用紫外-可见分光光度法对降解反应过程进行监测, 对降解反应机理进行了探讨,对电解反应条件进行了优化.实验结果表明，用Ti/SnO₂-Sb₂O₅/PbO₂电极电催化降解处理含环己酮的有机废水是一种有效的方法，并与生物处理法联用，产生了节约废水处理费用的良好方法.     

有机体系中制备纳米TiO2掺杂Ni电极及其性能测试

在无隔膜电解槽中合成金属醇盐NiTim(OR)_3m+1(acac)_m+1，直接水解形成凝胶，干燥后在550 ℃煅烧2 h, 制得纳米Ni/TiO₂粉体。通过电合成与沉积得到高活性的纳米Ni/TiO₂修饰电极，采用循环伏安比较研究了TiO₂和Ni/TiO₂电极在H₂SO₄溶液中的氧化还原行为。结果表明，所得前驱体中含有乙酰丙酮基[acac-]，所得纳米粉体粒径为20 nm；Ni/TiO₂电极在1 mol/L H₂SO₄溶液中有两对氧化还原峰，掺杂Ni电极的放电电流明显增大，达到75 mA ·cm_-2。     

一种Nafion膜电极新的制备方法及催化性能研究

本文提出了一种结合有催化剂的Ｎａｆｉｏｎ膜电极新的制备方法．通过用循环伏安法测试表明该电极对氧还原具有良好的催化性能，与文献报道的某些方法相比具有制备过程简短而催化活性相对又高的优点．同时用扫描电镜观察了各种不同修饰方法所制得电极的表面状态，通过比较，证实了本文所提出方法的可行性．     

电沉积纳米晶体电催化电极的制备及性能

利用恒电流电沉积的方法从含有糖精，温度为50－60℃，pH＜3的瓦特槽中用直流和脉冲的方式制备纳米晶体镍、镍－钴合金电催化析氢电极，X衍射、扫描电镜（SEM）和能谱（EDS）分析结果表明：此类金属（Ni)或合金（Ni-Co)表现出很强的（111）的织构；该晶体为纳米晶体，其中含有少量硫；由电沉积纳米晶体制备成的电极在1mol.L^-1硫酸中比常规的金属Ni或电沉积粗晶镍有较强的电催化活性，稳定性和耐蚀性。     

不定型TiO2薄膜修饰电极的制备及其电极过程动力学特性

通过熔胶-凝胶法在ITO导电玻璃基片表面制备一层TiO2薄膜,将其在空气中分别进行150℃×2 h,200℃×2 h和250℃×2 h的热处理,形成不定型TiO2薄膜修饰电极.用X射线衍射仪和扫描电镜对薄膜结构和形貌进行了表征.将该修饰电极作为工作电极,与作为参比电极的饱和甘汞电极、作为辅助电极的铂黑电极、作为电解质溶液的碳酸丙烯酯＋高氯酸锂一起构成三电极测试体系.根据该电极的循环伏安曲线测试结果讨论了该电极过程的动力学特征,分析了扫描参数和薄膜的热处理温度对电极过程动力学的影响.     

Preparation and performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on ZnO-modified TiO_2 electrodes

The ZnO-modified TiO 2 electrode was prepared by adding Zn(CH 3 COO) 2 ·2H 2 O to the TiO 2 colloid during the sol-gel production process,and was used in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs).The open circuit voltage (V OC) and fill factor (ff) of the cells were improved significantly.The performances of the ZnO-modified TiO 2 electrode such as dark current,transient photocurrent,impedance,absorption spectra,and flat band potential (V fb) were investigated.It is found that the interface charge recombination imp...     

Comparative study of oxidation ability between boron-doped diamond （BDD） and lead oxide （PbO_2） electrodes

The electrochemical oxidation capabilities of two high-performance electrodes,the boron-doped diamond film on Ti(Ti/BDD)and the lead oxide film on Ti(Ti/PbO2),were discussed.Hydroxyl radicals(·HO)generated on the electrode surface were detected by using p-nitrosodimethylaniline(RNO)as the trapping reagent.Electrochemical oxidation measurements,including the chemical oxygen demand (COD)removal and the current efficiency(CE),were carried out via the degradation ofp-nitrophenol(PNP)under the galvanostatic condition.The results indicate that an indirect reaction,which is attributed to free hydroxyl radicals with high activation,conducts on the Ti/BDD electrode,while the absorbed hydroxyl radicals generated at the Ti/PbO2 surface results in low degradation efficiency.Due to quick mineralization which combusts PNP to CO2 and H2O absolutely by the active hydroxyl radical directly,the CE obtained on the Ti/BDD electrode is much higher than that on the Ti/PbO2 electrode,notwithstanding the number of hydroxyl radicals produced on PbO2 is higher than that on the BDD surface.     

稀土改性钛基二氧化锡催化电极制备及降解苯酚研究

改性钛基电极以析氧过电位低、副反应少、使用寿命长等优点得到广泛应用.采用钛酸丁脂作为钛源,SnCl4＆#183;5H2O为锡源,掺杂不同Ce量,采用浸渍法制备稀土改性钛基二氧化锡催化电极,用XRD对电极进行表征,同时采用制备的电极进行苯酚降解实验,考察了电流强度、降解时间、pH和电解质浓度对降解率的影响.稀土改性电极表面呈纳米结构,苯酚降解率随电流强度、降解时间、电解质浓度增加而升高,随pH值增大先增加后降低,实验条件下苯酚降解率可达到90％;通过实验数据得到了降解率的关联式,计算值与实验值吻合较好,误差在＆#177;10％范围内.     

AA/MA/AMPS/St分散剂的制备及对钛白粉悬浮稳定性能研究

以丙烯酸(AA)、顺丁烯二酸酐(MA)、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)和苯乙烯(St)为单体,通过自由基聚合反应,制备得到了具有两亲结构的聚合物分散剂.将该聚合物分散剂应用于钛白粉在水中的分散,考察了其对钛白粉悬浮稳定性、Zeta电位和粘度性能等的影响.同时,还对该聚合物的结构进行了FT-IR、TGA和XRD分析.结果表明,此聚合物能显著地改善钛白粉在水中的分散情况.     

Investigation on the electrocatalytic characteristics of SnO_2 electrodes with nanocoating prepared by electrodeposition method

SnO2 electrodes have many advantages in the degradation of toxic or bio-refractory organic wastewater,and SnO2 is a kind of anode material which has the potential to be widely used.Electrocatalytic effi-ciency and service life of Ti\SnO2 electrodes are key factors that can influence its applications.In order to enhance the electrocatalytic characteristics of Ti\SnO2 electrodes,a type of electrocatalytic electrode with nanocoating was prepared by direct current(DC)electrodeposition method and thermal oxidati...     

Investigation on the electrocatalytic characteristics of SnO<Subscript>2</Subscript> electrodes with nanocoating prepared by electrodeposition method

SnO₂ electrodes have many advantages in the degradation of toxic or bio-refractory organic wastewater, and SnO₂ is a kind of anode material which has the potential to be widely used. Electrocatalytic efficiency and service life of TiSnO₂ electrodes are key factors that can influence its applications. In order to enhance the electrocatalytic characteristics of TiSnO₂ electrodes, a type of electrocatalytic electrode with nanocoating was prepared by direct current (DC) electrodeposition method and thermal oxidation technique. With phenol as the model pollutant, the electrochemical degradation efficiencies of electrodes with nanocoating and non-nanocoating were investigated. It was demonstrated that the electrodes with nanocoating have higher efficiency than that of electrodes with non-nanocoating. The degradation time was decreased 33.3% for the same amount of phenol’s degradation. The crystal structure of surface coating, the micrograph of electrode surface and the chemical environment of Sn and Sb in the electrode surface were analyzed with the help of XRD, SEM and XPS. The results showed that the surface of electrode was mainly SnO₂ crystal with rutile structure and that much adsorbed oxygen in nanocoating was the dominant factor for enhancing the electrocatalytic characteristics. Supported by the Excellence Young Teacher Foundation of China Education Ministry and Research Foundation for Outstanding Young Scholars of Heilongjiang Province (Grant No. JC-02-04)     

Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic behavior of WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5 catalysts

TiO2/Nb2O5 photocatalyst loaded with WO3 (WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5) was prepared by a modified hydrolysis process, and characterized by X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra and UV-Vis diffuse refraction spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5 was investigated by employing splitting of water for O2 evolution. The results indicate that WO3 loading can pronouncedly improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2/Nb2O5 by using Fe3 as an electron acceptor under UV irradiation. The optimum molar fraction of the loaded WO3 is 2%, and the largest speed of O2 evolution for 2% WO3-TiO2/Nb2O5 catalyst is 151.8 μmol/(L·h).     

高浓度二氧化碳烟气辐射换热特性分析与计算

介绍了常规辐射特性计算方法、逐线计算方法和基于光谱法窄谱带模型的Leckner方法,采用Leckner方法对二氧化碳烟气辐射特性进行计算并与常规计算和逐线计算进行比较,结果表明由于范围限制常规方法不适用于高浓度二氧化碳烟气辐射特性计算,Leckner方法能保证足够精度,较之传统方法有着更广泛的适用范围,可用于高浓度二氧化碳烟气辐射特性计算;采用Leckner方法计算表明,在高浓度二氧化碳烟气中,发射率随烟气温度的增加而降低,随辐射层厚度的增加而升高。