干涉型成像光谱仪在轨辐射定标技术应用

为提高干涉型成像光谱仪空间目标测量精度,降低传感器中各个探测元响应度差异,提升成像光谱仪在轨辐亮度测量准确性。提出了一种基于定标场反射率测量参数结合计算程序仿真与成像仪在轨测量数据比对的空间定标方法。首先在介绍高光谱定标概念的基础上,提出了不同光谱响应函数、不同场地条件下的高精度入瞳亮度计算方法;其次对干涉型成像光谱仪进行在轨相对辐射修正,校正传感器中各探测元相应度差异,利用反射率基法开展了在轨绝对辐射定标试验,针对可见光、近红外波段建立在轨辐射定标计算模型。解决了包括多种反射率场地、高精度测试区域指示的试验方案优化设计问题,实现了星载高分辨率干涉型成像光谱仪的在轨高精度定标。研究结果表明,采用该定标技术使成像光谱仪的在轨测量精度达到5%。此外,定标场地环境条件对模型计算精度有一定影响,大面积均匀场适合采用反射率基法,小面积均匀场则引入邻近像元效应进行计算,通过布设人工指示目标,可提高反射率测量数据的准确性。所采用的定标技术已获得工程应用。     

基于双积分球的光学镜片透反射率测量系统

传统的透反射率测量系统不能同时实现透反射率的高精度测量,并且测量角度固定,测量光学镜片口径较小。为此研制了基于双积分球的透反射率测量系统。系统采用双积分球结构,完成了宽光谱(300nm~1600nm)大角度(0°~90°)范围大口径光学镜片的透反射率测量,采用锁相放大器,有效提取出了微弱信号,抑制了背景光的干扰,实现了亮场环境下的测量,提高了测量精度。最终实验验证以及不确定度分析的结果可以达到:白光透射率测试精度为0.25%,近红外光谱测试精度为0.316%;白光反射率测试精度为0.301%,近红外光谱测试精度为0.381%。     

利用积分球反射法的动态热物性测量装置研制

介绍了利用积分球反射计的脉冲加热技术测量材料热物性的一种方法和测量装置的各组成部分及工作原理。被测的带状试样被一脉冲大电流加热,利用高速高温计测量试样的辐射温度,同时利用积分球反射法获得试样的半球向光谱反射率,进而得到试样的法向光谱发射率、比热、电阻率和全波长半球发射率。该装置具有试样制备简单、测试精度高等优点。     

脉冲加热方法铌热物性参数的动态测量

提出积分球反射法脉冲加热技术测量材料热物性的方法,研制的脉冲加热瞬态热物性测量装置能同时测量铌带状试样温度范围在1100-2700K的比热容、电阻率、全波长半球发射率.装置中高速高温计测量试样的辐射温度,积分球反射计测量试样的法向光谱发射率,即可得出带状试样的真实温度.再通过测得的试样上的电压、电流等数据经计算获得其他热物性参数.对国外的标准铌试样进行了测试,所得测量数据与国外同行数据进行了比对,具有较好的一致性.实验结果表明:比热容测量不确定度为5%,全波长半球发射率测量不确定度为3.5%,电阻率的测量不确定度为3.6%,测量数据可作为航天、军事和民用领域材料应用的设计依据.     

利用积分球反射法的动态热物性测量装置研制

介绍了利用积分球反射计的脉冲加热技术测量材料热物性的一种方法和测量装置的各组成部分及工作原理．被测的带状试样被一脉冲大电流加热，利用高速高温计测量试样的辐射温度，同时利用积分球反射法获得试样的半球向光诺反射率，进而得到试样的法向光谱发射率、比热、电阻率和全波长半球发射率．该装置具有试样制各简单、测试精度高等优点．     

航空多角度偏振辐射计信噪比不确定性数学模型

信噪比(SNR)作为评价遥感系统探测能力的一项关键指标,反映了遥感系统的灵敏度。信噪比的不确定度反映了仪器满足测量需求的信度水平。通过对航空多角度偏振辐射计(AMPR)工作原理的分析及其观测Stokes矢量与偏振度信噪比的讨论,提出了AMPR信噪比的不确定度数学模型。基于该模型,利用积分球对AMPR信噪比不确定度进行实验室验证。验证结果表明,当探测偏振度大于1%或2%时,AMPR信噪比不确定度分别不超过10%或5%(1σ)。     

板式电位差计测量方法与计算方式的改善

用适当的不确定度计算方法,分析板式电位差计测量电池电动势实验结果,给出一种合理的不确定度评定方案.同时,改变电位差计的定标方式,这样,即可以进一步提高测量的准确度又可以去除检流计带来的影响,合理化不确定度的计算要求,实现了计算方法与各大高校的接轨.     

海天背景典型舰船目标红外特性测量方法研究

针对水面红外靶标自身特性,通过红外测量设备的组合,形成了红外特性定量测量能力。利用外场便携式黑体辐射源、单/多点热成像坐标变换解算方法,实现了外场实时定标,非合作目标位置信息解算;分析红外定量测量的不确定度,验证该方案有效地保证了红外特性定量测量的精度。利用所设计的测量方法对海天背景下典型舰艇的红外特性进行分析,并在测量过程中,同步获取大气参数,为后续目标红外特性定量处理分析提供了原始数据保障。     

航天遥感器的辐射度精度分析

辐射度精度是评价航天光学遥感器辐射度性能的一个重要指标。针对测量的目标辐射度与目标绝对辐射度之间的差异,建立一种航天遥感器的辐射度精度公式,对航天光学遥感器的辐射度性能进行分析。在辐射度精度的分析过程中,分析了星上定标源的辐射、偏振、杂散辐射、谱段外响应和波长漂移等因素对遥感器辐射度的影响。     

比较法定标温差电偶实验不确定度评定

温差电偶是测量温度的有效工具，在实践中广泛应用，但温差电偶在使用前须进行定标，确定温差电动势与温度的对应关系，即测定温差电偶常数α，然后才能用来测量温度．用实验测定温差电偶常口数，称为温差电偶的定标．文章介绍了比较法定标温差电偶实验的原理及过程，对比较法定标温差电偶实验的不确定度进行了评定，给出了实验测量结果的不确定度．     

Calibratio performance evaluation of the spaceborne hyperspectral CHRIS imager

The CHRIS (Compact High Resolution Imaging Spectrometer) is a new imaging spectrometer, carried on board a new space platform called PROBA (Project for On Board Autonomy). The satellite was successfully launched in October 2001 by the European Space Agency (ESA). CHRIS operates over the visible/near infrared band (400-1050 nm). It has five work modes and can reach a maximum of 62 spectral bands. In this research, atmospheric correction based on hyperspectral images was performed on CHRIS images by using the popular radiance transfer code ACORN (Atmospheric Correction Now) and empirical algorithms. ACORN was also used to evaluate the calibration performance of CHRIS by the retrieved spectra of typical vegetation and soil. As a result, the maize reflectance spectrum corrected by ACORN could characterize vegetation reflectance in the range of 498-750 nm, but gave a fairly large deviation beyond 750 nm, showing the deficiency of spectral calibration beyond 750 nm. The ACORN-derived soil reflectance decreased beyond 800 nm, which was quite inconsistent with field-spectrum measurement and showed that the calibration accuracy couldn't meet the requirements of ACORN for spectral and radiometric calibration within a certain spectral range. In addition, the stripes on the retrieved water-vapor content map indicated that the radiance-calibration performance of CHRIS is not perfect. As the first spaceborne hyperspectral imager of ESA, the calibration performance of CHRIS needs to be improved.     

窄谱带模型数值研究高温喷流动态红外特性

对高温超声速喷流流场的动态红外辐射特性进行研究.采用窄谱带模型结合光谱数据库及Mie散射理论建立求解非灰吸收、发射、散射性介质红外辐射传输计算模型.数值模拟了某高温喷流2～5μm光谱红外特性,获得了不同飞行高度时高温喷流的红外仿真热像、光谱、波段及总辐射强度仿真数据.比较结果表明:高温喷流在2～5μm光谱呈明显双峰特性;动态飞行时喷流红外光谱选择性是相类似的,光谱总辐射强度随高度增加先增大后减弱;低空时2～3μm波段辐射强度大于4～5μm波段辐射强度,而随着高度的增加,4～5μm波段辐射强度将大于2～3μm波段辐射强度。     

采用查找表的超四色打印光谱色彩校正方法

为解决多光谱图像打印输出时的色彩校正问题,提出一种采用查找表进行打印光谱色彩校正的方法．首先在超四色打印机色空间规则采样并测量采样点的光谱值,将光谱值变换至一个低维空间,建立正向查找表;然后在低维光谱空间中采样,运用非线性优化技术确定采样点在打印机色空间中的映射点,根据采样点确定优化参数来提高优化精度和时间效率,建立反向查找表; 最后采用高维线性插值方法,在正向和反向查找表中插值以实现打印光谱色彩校正．实验结果表明,在相同的仿真环境下,新方法与常用的建立光谱打印色彩校正模型法相比,在正向校正的色度精度和光谱精度上分别提高了40％和44％,在反向校正精度上分别提高了51％及41％,且反向校正的时间效率提高了96％．     

Spectral methods for spatial resolution improvement of digital images

A general matrix formula is proposed for signal spectral aliasing of various or mutual resolution, the concept of spectral aliasing matrix is introduced, and some general spectral methods for spatial resolution improvement from multiframes of undersampled digital images are discussed. A simplified iterative method of parallel row-action projection for spectral de-aliasing is also given. The method can be applied to multiframe images with various spatial resolution,relative displacement, dissimilar point spread function, different image radiance, and additive random noise. Some experiments with a resolution test pattern and an image of vertical fin performed the convergence and the effectiveness of the algorithms.     

A Feasible Atmospheric Correction Method to TM Image

In this paper, an atmospheric correction method to TM image is presented, which can simulate the atmospheric correction parameters, such as optical depth, sky radiance and path radiance at the time the satellite passes,by using interpolation among local meteorological records, parameterization models and dark pixels. The TM image of the Nanjing area in China was corrected by this method. For analyzing the accuracy of this method, the calculated reflectance, apparent reflectance and ground measured reflectance were compared. NDVI before and after atmospheric correction were also compared. The results show that the method is applicable and efficient in the visible to near infrared band of TM image. In order to improve the accuracy of the method, the infrared spectrum measured data for the two other bands of TM image are required in future field investigations. The method is suitable to many other satellite optical remote sensing images with the same or similar spectral characteristics of TM images.     

PHI-3高光谱数据预处理

主要介绍PHI-3高光谱遥感数据从原始数据到产品这一阶段的预处理情况.针对该数据的特点,对原始数据进行了完整性处理、格式转换、辐射校正、暗电流处理、几何校正等预处理,获得了较好的图像,为数据的进一步处理和应用奠定了基础.     

Absolute radiometric calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band

Based on the laboratory calibration before launch of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal infrared channel, the onboard blackbody calibration, the radiometric crosscalibration against TERRA MODIS corresponding channel and the in-flight field calibration at Lake Qinghai: water surface radiometric calibration test site of China on Aug. 17, 2004 are carried out in this research. When making onboard blackbody calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, it is necessary to understand inside structures and light path in IRMSS camera and receive and process calibration blackbody signals at normal and high temperatures. Onboard blackbody calibration results of each detector are very important to relative radiometric calibration of images processing and absolute radiometric calibration of each detector. In-flight field calibration mainly contains field experiments, obtaining synchronous images, spectrum marching and MODTRAN radiative transmission computation. Radiometric cross-calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS thermal band against TERRA MODIS selected 6 times synchronous images of two sensors passing through Lake Qinghai and Lake Taihu from August to December, 2004 to compute the cross calibration data. Combining the in-flight field calibration and radiometric cross calibration data, the absolute radiometric calibration coefficients are calculated by the linear regression method. This new calibration model can obviously control the radiometric calibration uncertainties aroused by the single point method used in the in-flight calibration of CBERS-02 IRMSS, this kind of sensors cannot receive the cosmic background radiation. In this research, the radiometric calibration coefficients obtained through the linear regression model are 8.53 (gain, unit: DN/W m^?2sr^?1μm^?1) and 44.92 (offset, unit: DN).