偶氮染料分子结构与脱色性能的定量关系研究

采用臭氧氧化法对30种水溶性偶氮类染料进行脱色处理,运用定量构效关系方法进行染料脱色率研究。通过选择分子结构描述符考察了脱色率及分子结构之间的定量关系,建立了模型方程,并对其进行了检验。结果表明,在染料分子结构描述符与脱色率之间存在着较好的线性相关性,相关系数R2为0.849。得到了分子结构描述符和脱色率之间的定量关系方程,该定量关系方程可以用于计算染料的臭氧氧化法理论脱色率。     

响应曲面法分析零价铁对普施安蓝H-5R脱色的影响因素

该文分别从零价铁（zVI）投加量、粒径、pH值、盐浓度、摇床摇速对偶氮染料普施安蓝H-5R进行脱色速率研究,并通过响应曲面进行试验优化。结果表明在初始染料溶液浓度为200mg／L时,最适投加量为1．5g／L,脱色速率随着粒径和摇床摇速增大而升高,中性和偏酸条件下pH影响不大,高浓度盐可以增加染料的脱色。响应曲面法（RSM）结果还表明不同影响因素之间存在相互作用,从而影响染料脱色。     

Fe／Mn／Al2O3催化H2O2降解偶氮染料废水的研究

以活性氧化铝为载体,制备了Fe／Mn／Al2O3负载型催化剂,用于催化H2O2氧化降解偶氮染料活性黑5,探讨了pH、H2O2投加量、染料初始浓度、催化剂投加量等对染料脱色率的影响。结果表明,活性黑5的脱色率随催化剂投加量、H2O2投加量的增加而升高;而随活性黑5初始浓度的增加而降低。当H2O2投加量的增加达到200mg／L后,H2O2投加量的增加对活性黑5脱色效果的影响不显著。Fe／Mn／Al2O3／H2O2体系下,活性黑5在pH为2～9之间均有一定的脱色效果,活性黑5的脱色率随初始pH的增加而先增加后减少,其中在初始pH为3时脱色效果最佳。     

草酸铁络合物光解对水溶性染料的脱色研究

采用铁．草酸盐络合物在紫外光照射下的光解作用对水溶性偶氮染料（活性艳红、活性艳橙、直接混纺黄、直接混纺蓝、直接混纺黑）进行脱色,考察了pH值、染料初始浓度、Fe（Ⅱ）和C2O4^2-的浓度比对染料脱色效果的影响。结果表明,在pH=4,Fe（Ⅱ）／C2O4^2=20（μmot／L）／240（μmol／L）的条件下,活性艳红、活性艳橙、直接混纺黄、直接？昆纺蓝、直接混纺黑染料溶液在紫外光照射下光照60rain的脱色率分别达到了62．2％,44．4％,24．6％,12．4％,18．4％。     

氯过氧化物酶催化过氧化氢氧化水溶性偶氮染料的降解

水溶性偶氮染料的脱色降解是印染行业废水处理的技术瓶颈。研究水溶液中加入H₂O₂,氯过氧化物酶高效催化氧化偶氮染料（橙黄Ⅳ和皂黄）的主要发色基团的性能,探讨影响染料降解率的主要因素pH、温度、H₂O₂用量、氯过氧化物酶用量、染料初始浓度和反应时间等。结果表明,加入H₂O₂,氯过氧化物酶对橙黄Ⅳ和皂黄具有较好的脱色降解效果,橙黄Ⅳ在5 min的脱色率达91.02%,皂黄在7 min的脱色率达88.83%。通过液质联用技术测定了橙黄Ⅳ染料降解的中间产物及最终产物,并以此对降解途径进行初步推测。     

Fenton试剂对偶氮染料活性黑5的脱色研究

以活性黑5染料溶液为研究对象,通过匹交实验确定了Fenton反应中各影响因子的最佳操作条件为：染料初殆浓度=50mg／L,pH=4,H2O2浓度=5．78mg／L,Fe^2＋浓度=9．52mg／L。同时考察了反应时间、溶液pH值、H2O2浓度、Fe^2＋浓度、染料初始浓度对脱色效率的影响。实验表明脱包反应在15min内基本完成,Fenton试剂能在较宽的pH范围内保持较好的脱色效果。增加H202浓度可以提高活性黑5溶液脱色率,但超过5．78mg／L后效果捉高不明显。在6.16～16．24mg／L的范围内,Fe^2＋浓度对脱色效果的影响不显著。染料脱色率随染料初始浓度的升高而降低。     

纳米氧化锆/氧化锌光催化降解酸性红B的研究

以醋酸锌和氯氧化锆为原料，采用化学沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锆／氧化锌光催化剂。在中性条件下研究了催化剂煅烧温度，锆复合量，催化剂用量，染料初始质量浓度，过氧化氢质量浓度，各种阴、阳离子等条件对酸性红B脱色反应的影响。结果表明，该催化剂最佳制备条件为煅烧温度350℃，锆复合量2．5％（物质的量分数）。催化剂最佳用量0．9g／L。提高染料初始质量浓度会降低反应脱色率。适量过氧化氢可提高反应脱色率，当其质量浓度超过300mg／L会起负作用。NO3^-对反应影响不大；Fe^3＋和Ag^＋对反应起促进作用；SO4^2-，Cl^-，NO2^-等阴离子和Fe^2＋，Mn^2＋等阳离子对反应起抑制作用。     

UV/Fe-草酸盐配合物对偶氮染料废水的脱色处理

考察了UV／Fe(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物对水中偶氮染料的光氧化脱色的影响因素。结果表明,UV／Fe(Ⅲ)-草酸盐配合物体系对偶氮染料的脱色效果明显高于UV和UV／Fe(Ⅲ)体系。脱色率受pH影响显著,在pH介于3～4范围内,脱色效果最佳,pH大于4时,脱色率急剧下降。Fe(Ⅲ)和草酸浓度对脱色率亦有较大影响．本实验条件下,以Fe(Ⅲ)和草酸的摩尔比为1：12．7较为适宜     

生物絮凝剂对水中染料絮凝效果探讨

本文报导了ＮＡＴ型生物絮凝剂对水溶液中几种典型染料的絮凝效果及影响脱色的因素。水中的阳离子，如钙离子显著促进染料的絮凝，在１００ｍＬ试验染料溶液中，适宜的ＣａＣｌ２量是０．７－７．０ｍＬ（１０％ＣａＣｌ２溶液）。另外，菌液量和染料种类也对絮凝能力有影响。在菌液量对染料去除率（脱色率）曲线上脱色率趋于稳定处对应的菌液絮凝的染料为０．７－２２．５ｍｇ／ｍＬ。用本实验室开发的ＮＡＴ型生物絮凝剂絮凝直接黑染料生产废水其脱色率可达到６０％。     

改性粉煤灰对甲基橙废水的电化学氧化

以酸和碱为改性剂,制备改性粉煤灰。考察了不同反应条件改性粉煤灰作为粒子电极对甲基橙染料废水脱色率的影响。试验结果表明：在室温下反应时间为15min、甲基橙初始浓度为100mg／L、改性剂用量为10g／L、电流密度为95mA／cm^2、0．48gNaCl的最佳条件下,甲基橙的脱色率高达96．21％;在最佳反应条件下电解65min,COD去除率可达76.8％。     

Photocatalytic decoloration of water-soluble azo dyes by reduction based on bisulfite-mediated borohydride

Investigation of the photocatalytic decoloration of nine water-soluble anionic azo dyes widely used for the coloration of textiles was conducted in a photoreactor by a selected reduction based on bisulfite-mediated borohydride. The influence of the irradiation power on their decoloration was discussed in this work. The decoloration processes of two typical azo dyes, Reactive Red MS and C.I. Direct Blue 15 were examined with UV–vis measurement and their decoloration kinetics was also investigated. Moreover, identification of benzidine compounds released from the photoreduction of four direct dyestuffs was undertaken. The results indicated that the reduction of the dyes was significantly enhanced under the increasing irradiation. It was found that the overall degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics and two distinct stages were observed in the decoloration processes of Reactive Red MS and C.I. Direct Blue 15. The decay rates at first stage were slightly changed, but the decay rates at second stage were significantly affected by the light intensity. In addition, UV–vis spectra showed that the azo linkages in molecule structure of the dyes were destroyed during the decoloration. Finally, dimethoxyl benzidine or benzidine produced from the photoreduction of four direct dyes was identified as the decoloration products through a rapid spectrophotometric method.     

Mass spectrometric analysis of sulphonated dyes based on diaminobiphenyls

The title dyes, a group of new homo-bireactive disazo reactive dyes having molecular masses of 1000–1400 Da, were developed because of their potential use as low salt, easy wash-off colorants for cotton. Following dye synthesis from diaminobiphenyls with and without substituents in the 2,2'-positions, negative-ion electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) was used to characterise the dyes. The MS obtained were characterised by signals arising from [M −  x H] ^{x −} ions plus fragment ions produced by cleavage at C–N bonds adjacent to the azo linkage. In addition, better results were produced when J-acid was the coupler employed rather than H-acid. The characteristic fragmentation behaviour of the studied dyes is discussed and illustrated on selected example.     

偶氮染料的光还原脱色及其染色废水的回用研究

用还原脱色剂对水溶性偶氮染料进行光还原脱色降解,重点考察了还原脱色剂、辐射光以及染料浓度等对还原脱色反应的影响,并将脱色后的染色废水回用于棉织物染色中.结果表明,以适当比例的引发剂和促进剂组成的还原脱色剂具有较强的脱色降解能力,辐射光对染料的还原脱色反应具有明显的促进作用,染料浓度的提高不利于染料的脱色降解反应.脱色废水可以回用于棉织物的活性染料染色中,通过降低染色过程中氯化钠和碳酸钠的添加量,可使染色试样与自来水染色试样的总色差(DE*)＜1.0.     

混合偶合法一步合成活性黑染料

将对位酯重氮化，与J酸—三聚氯氰缩合物(0．003mol)、H酸—对位酯偶氮化合物(0．009mol)在同一个反应体系中用混合偶合法同时合成了C．I．活性黑5和一只橙色活性染料，改变偶合组分比例和反应条件，可得到色光不同的黑色活性染料。控制合成过程中产生的杂色染料，可以控制染料产品的色光和应用性能。     

Products and intermediates formed during the biacetyl-sensitised photo-oxidation of some azo dyes

The flash irradiation for a few microseconds of aqueous aerobic solutions of biacetyl(2,3-butanedione) and a number of different o-arylazonaphthols resulted in the formation of the corresponding diazonium ions and α-naphthoquinones. This was verified from the intermediate spectra obtained after the flash. Verification for the formation of diazonium ions was also obtained from flow experiments, in which the diazonium ion was identified by coupling it to H-acid, forming a new azo compound. Less than equimolar formation of the diazonium ion from one of the azo dyes investigated indicated the occurrence of side reactions in which diazenyl radicals could play a role.     

不同结构偶氮染料在TiO2纳米颗粒表面的吸附和光催化降解

为研究不同结构的水溶性偶氮染料在TiO2光催化剂表面的吸附和光催化降解行为,选择4种在印染工业中常用的水溶性偶氮染料：活性红MS、活性蓝B、酸性媒介黑PV和酸性橙156作为研究对象,分别考察在不同pH值和氯化钠存在条件下,TiO2光催化剂对它们的吸附行为和吸附模式,并通过数学模拟方法计算了其在TiO2光催化剂表面的吸附参数,还研究了它们在TiO2光催化剂表面的光催化降解反应. 实验结果表明,4种水溶性偶氮染料在TiO2表面的吸附量随着pH值的升高逐渐降低,而且当pH值处于4~8之间时吸附量下降最为显著. 在相同的吸附条件下,2种酸性染料在TiO2表面的吸附量高于2种活性染料,并且在氯化钠存在下它们的吸附量都得到不同程度的提高. 水溶性偶氮染料的吸附过程符合Langmuir等温吸附模型,活性染料比酸性染料具有更高的吸附平衡常数和覆盖率. 在TiO2对偶氮染料的光催化降解反应中,脱色率和反应速率常数随pH值的升高而降低,并且活性染料比酸性染料更易于发生光催化降解反应.