水性纳米复合隔热涂料的研制

以纳米ATO(掺锑二氧化锡)浆料和纳米TiO2粉体配合高反射与高辐射性能的颜填料,制备了一种水性纳米复合隔热涂料.乳液、颜料和填料筛选实验表明,聚合物乳液种类对涂层隔热性能几乎没有影响;颜料中,金红石型二氧化钛是性能最好的反射填料,其用量在PVC=18%时,涂层隔热性能最好;绢云母具有一定的辐射隔热效果,当其质量分数为11%时,涂层性能最忧,辐射率可达0.86;纳米ATO浆料具有良好的隔热效果,其最佳用量为10%.当以质量比为1:2的添加量将纳米ATO和纳米TiO2加入到涂料中,所得涂层在全波段(200～2 500 nm)的太阳热反射比为86%,辐射率为0.86.     

电纺EVOH磺酸锂/TiO_2聚合物电解质电性能的研究

将纳米二氧化钛加入到EVOH-SO3Li中制备纺丝液,利用高压静电纺丝法制备EVOH-SO3Li/TiO2复合膜。组装扣式电池,测试EVOH-SO3Li/TiO2聚合物电解质的电化学稳定窗口及离子电导率。结果表明:复合薄膜的电化学性能稳定,离子电导率达到0.96×10-3s/cm。     

TiO2/PVA杂化膜的渗透蒸发性能及结构表征

通过纳米TiO2粒子填充改性制备了新型TiO2/PVA杂化膜。红外光谱表明纳米TiO2表面的羟基与聚乙烯醇(PVA)链上的羟基存在较强的氢键作用。扫描电镜显示当TiO2的质量分数低于1.5%时,在PVA中分散均匀。X射线衍射显示纳米TiO2的加入降低了膜的结晶度。通过对含水质量分数低于20%的水/乙醇体系的脱水研究了该杂化膜的渗透性能,考察了TiO2粒子填充量、料液质量分数和温度与膜分离性能之间的关系。渗透通量J随着TiO2、水质量分数和温度的升高而增加,分离因子随着温度和水质量分数的升高而下降,在TiO2质量分数为1.5%时分离因子达到最佳值。40℃下分离质量分数85%的乙醇水溶液,分离因子可达1 590,渗透通量为0.049kg/(m2.h)。     

TiO2纳米粒子对PVDF超滤膜的结构与性能影响研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了不同纳米TiO2溶胶含量的TiO2/PVDF超滤膜,探讨TiO2溶胶及其含量对膜性能及结构的影响,并利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱和接触角测量仪表征了复合膜的结构.结果表明,经纳米TiO2溶胶改性后,TiO2/PVDF复合膜的孔隙率、接触角和结构等都发生了显著的变化,在TiO2溶胶添加质量分数为4％时条件下,膜的孔隙率为74.5％,水通量为430.6L·m-2·h-1,截留率为82.5％.     

纳米二氧化钛对竹粉/PVC抗菌性能的影响

制备了添加不同纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)含量的竹粉/聚氯乙烯(PVC)复合材料,研究纳米TiO2对复合材料力学性能和抗菌性能白子影响,结果表明,纳米TiO2能显著提高复合材料的力学性能,且赋予材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌很好的抗菌性能;当纳米TiO2质量分数为1.2%时,复合材料的抗菌率大于90%,抗菌效果显著;当纳米TiO2质量分数为1.6%时,复合材料的抗菌率均超过了99%,且复合材料具有良好的抗菌长效性.     

纳米TiO2填料对硼酚醛防火涂料性能影响的研究

纳米TiO2填料在防火涂料中的主要作用是增强涂膜的机械强度和附着力,防止裂纹,防止紫外线和水分透过,延长涂膜的使用寿命等.以硼酚醛树脂、环氧树脂作为基料,三聚氰胺、六次甲基四胺为防火助剂,制备了添加纳米TiO2填料的防火涂料.通过理化性能、防火性能检测及热重分析、扫描电镜测试、红外光谱分析等手段,研究了添加纳米TiO2填料对硼酚醛防火涂料性能的影响,并利用锥形量热仪对涂料进行火灾危险性评价.     

固态纳米复合聚合物电解质的离子导电性能研究

以PEO为基质,复配少量纳米无机填料及低分子乙氧化物,制备出了新型的固态纳米复合聚合物电解质膜,利用交流阻抗法测试了聚合物电解质的离子电导率,对离子导电性能进行了研究。采用CPE元件的模拟电路具有很好的适用性。结果表明当低分子乙氧化物的加入量超过80％时电解质膜的电导率大幅提高,并且PEGDME优于PEG300。电导率在LiPF6加量在O：Li为8：1时达到最大,随着LiClO4加量的增加持续增加,随无机盐加量增加电解质膜的成膜性能变差。用多微孔高比表面的纳米SiO2粒子复合有利于改善聚合物的电导率。聚合物电解质离子电导率对温度的依赖关系符合Arrhenius方程。     

海藻酸钙/纳米TiO_2共混纤维的制备与表征

将含固体质量分数为5%的海藻酸钠纺丝原液与纳米二氧化钛(TiO2)水分散液均匀混合,制得海藻酸钠/纳米TiO2混合纺丝原液,采用湿法纺丝,通过氯化钙凝固浴,经拉伸、水洗,制备了海藻酸钙/纳米TiO2共混纤维,研究了纳米TiO2含量对共混纤维结构及性能的影响。结果表明:纳米TiO2的加入,提高了共混纤维的力学性能;加入质量分数为0.5%的纳米TiO2,海藻酸钙大分子链上的红外特征吸收峰峰形明显变宽,共混纤维的力学性能最佳,断裂强度为2.93 cN/dtex,断裂伸长率为7.34%,优于海藻酸钙纤维;添加纳米TiO2质量分数为3%时,纳米TiO2在共混纤维中仍能较好的分散,且纤维表面光滑。加入纳米TiO2后,共混纤维的热稳定性提高。     

铝酸锂纳米棒改性固态电解质的制备及电化学性能研究

固态电解质离子电导率低、电化学稳定窗口窄是制约其商业化应用的关键问题。制备了一种铝酸锂(LAO)纳米棒填充聚碳酸亚丙酯(PPC)的复合固体电解质薄膜(LAO-CSE)，并通过扫描电镜、透射电镜、电化学工作站等对LAO纳米棒和复合薄膜的微观结构、电化学性能进行了表征分析。结果表明，加入LAO纳米棒后复合固体电解质膜的离子电导率达到5.0×10^-4 S/cm，电化学稳定窗口大于4.8 V;LAO-CSE应用于固态锂离子电池表现出优异的室温电化学性能，填充8%(质量分数)LAO的NCM622/LAO-CSE/Li固态电池的首次循环放电比容量为180 mA·h/g，在0.5C下循环100次后容量保持率为97.3%。LAO纳米棒的增强效果归因于棒状填料提供了连续的锂离子传输路径。该LAO-CSE复合固态电解质有望在高压固态锂电池中得到广泛应用。     

纳米SiO2填料对离子凝胶电解质及高压超级电容器性能的影响

以SiO2纳米颗粒为填料,通过溶液浇筑法合成了纳米复合离子凝胶电解质,研究了SiO2填料对离子输运的影响规律。基于离子凝胶电解质构筑了准固态电容器,探讨了无机填料对电容器性能的影响,以活性炭为电极、凝胶电解质为隔膜,构筑了准固态双电层电容器。结果表明,SiO2的加入没有改变隔膜电解质的微观形貌,但有效改善了浸润性,提高了离子电导率。高SiO2添加量的隔膜电解质电化学性能更优,当添加8wt% SiO2时凝胶电解质电化学性能最优。SiO2的加入可有效提高活性炭准固态电容器的性能,电容器的比容提升约15%,经4000次循环后容量保持可达100%。电解质高温稳定性良好,器件最高使用温度可达60℃。基于该复合电解质构筑的电容器具有良好的高温性能,电容器比容随温度升高而逐渐提升,60℃时能量密度可达81.36 Wh/kg。     

聚酰亚胺／TiO2-SiO2纳米复合材料的制备及表征

采用带柔性基团的4,4’-二氨基二苯醚（ODA）和3,3’,4,4’-苯甲酮四酸二酐（BTDA）为单体用两步法合成聚酰亚胺（PI）,并在合成过程中,用溶胶凝胶法在中间产物聚酰胺酸中加入正硅酸四乙酯和钛酸丁酯,不添加水和偶联剂,制备出了PI／TiO2-SiO2复合材料。利用红外（IR）、X衍射（XRD）、热失重分析（TGA）、透射电镜（TEM）和扫描电镜（SEM）等对材料的微观结构和热稳定性进行了研究。结果表明,复合膜中纳米TiO2和SiO2在聚酰亚胺基体中有较好的分散,PI／TiO2-SiO2复合材料的热稳定性优于纯PI和PI／TiO2杂化膜。     

Effect of surface modified porous inorganic-organic hybrid polyphosphazene nanotubes on the properties of polyethylene oxide based solid polymer electrolytes

2-(2-methyloxyethoxy)ethanol modified poly (cyclotriphosphazene-co-4,4′-sufonyldiphenol) (PZS) nanotubes were synthesized and solid composite polymer electrolytes based on the surface modified polyphosphazene nanotubes added to PEO/LiClO₄ model system were prepared. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the characteristics of the composite polymer electrolytes (CPE). The ionic conductivity, lithium ion transference number and electrochemical stability window can be enhanced after the addition of surface modified PZS nanotubes. The electrochemical investigation shows that the solid composite polymer electrolytes incorporated with PZS nanotubes have higher ionic conductivity and lithium ion transference number than the filler SiO₂. Maximum ionic conductivity values of 4.95 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at ambient temperature and 1.64 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at 80 °C with 10 wt % content of surface modified PZS nanotubes were obtained and the lithium ion transference number was 0.41. The good chemical properties of the solid state composite polymer electrolytes suggested that the inorganic-organic hybrid polyphosphazene nanotubes had a promising use as fillers in solid composite polymer electrolytes and the PEO₁₀-LiClO₄-PZS nanotubes solid composite polymer electrolyte can be used as a candidate material for lithium polymer batteries.     

Symmetric electric double-layer capacitor containing imidazolium ionic liquid-based solid polymer electrolyte: Effect of TiO2 and ZnO nanoparticles on electrochemical behavior

Poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF–HFP)-based polymer electrolytes embedded with 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate ioniliquid have been synthesized to improve the ionic conductivity. Electric double-layer capacitors (EDLC) have been prepared using the synthesized polymer electrolytes. Inorganic oxide fillers (5 wt %) such as titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles have been added to polymer electrolytes to compare the electrochemical behavior of the fabricated EDLC. The intrinsic dielectric constant of nanoparticles contributes in ionic dissociation which enhances ionic conductivity of electrolytes and also controls the specific capacitance of the EDLC fabricated with these electrolytes. Physicochemical properties of polymer nanocomposites have been investigated using X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared analysis, which confirms decrease of crystalline phase in host polymer PVDF–HFP. The maximum voltage stability is obtained for TiO₂-based polymer electrolyte. The high specific capacitance as well as high energy density is obtained for the EDLC cell with TiO₂-based polymer electrolyte compared to EDLC with ZnO nanoparticles-based electrolyte. EDLC cells show specific capacitance of 76.4 and 44.51% of initial specific capacitance value at 2000th cycle for ZnO and TiO₂-based polymer electrolytes, respectively. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137, 48757.     

Au-Cu复合纳米粒子的制备及其电催化性质

在PEG6000/Vc/HAuCl4体系中,利用Vc还原HAuCl4制备了金纳米粒子,以制备的金纳米粒子为晶种,用水合肼还原硫酸铜制备了Au-Cu复合纳米粒子,并用紫外-可见光谱(Uv-vis)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、选区电子衍射(SAED)对其进行表征。用循环伏安法研究Au-Cu复合纳米粒子修饰的玻碳电极对H2O2电化学氧化的催化作用,实验结果表明,Au-Cu复合纳米粒子对H2O2电化学氧化具有一定的催化活性。     

纳米TiO2复配添加剂对PVDF中空纤维膜结构和性能的影响

该文将纳米二氧化钛（TiO2）粒子与高分子致孔剂、非溶剂、表面活性剂和无机盐4类制膜添加剂复配处理,采用浸没沉淀相转化法制备聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）-TiO2复合中空纤维膜。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射、能谱、拉伸试验、接触角测定和截留试验分别对复合膜的微观孔结构、晶相结构、Ti元素分布、机械性能、亲水性、过滤性能和抗污染性能进行了表征,讨论了纳米TiO2粒子对PVDF膜结构和性能的影响。结果表明通过改变复配添加剂中TiO2粒子的含量,可以有效调控复合膜的结构和性能。当复配添加剂中w（TiO2）为2％（占PVDF固含量的质量分数埘％）时,纯水通量由216L／m^2·h提高至402L／m^2·h,牛血清蛋白截留率由95％降低至90％,复合膜整体性能较为优异。     

Composite alkaline polymer electrolytes and its application to nickel-metal hydride batteries

In order to enhance the ionic conductivity of polyethylene oxide (PEO)-KOH based alkaline polymer electrolytes, three types of nano-powders, i.e., TiO₂, β-Al₂O₃ and SiO₂ were added to PEO-KOH complex, respectively, and the corresponding composite alkaline polymer electrolytes were prepared. The experimental results showed that the prepared polymer electrolytes exhibited higher ionic conductivities at room temperature, typically 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ as measured by ac impedance method, and good electrochemical stability. The electrochemical stability window of ca. 1.6 V was determined by cyclic voltammetry with stainless steel blocking electrodes. The influence of the film composition such as KOH, H₂O and nano-additives on ion conductivity was investigated and explained. The temperature dependence of conductivity was also determined. In addition, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-KOH alkaline polymer electrolytes were obtained using solvent casting method. The properties of the polymer electrolytes were characterized by ac impedance, cyclic voltammetry and differential thermal analysis methods. The ionic conductivity of the prepared PVA-CMC-KOH-H₂O electrolytes can reach the order of 10⁻² S cm⁻¹. The effect of CMC addition on the alkaline polymer electrolytes was also explained. The experimental results demonstrated that the PVA-CMC-KOH-H₂O polymer electrolyte could be used in Ni/MH battery.     

Preparation of monodispersed ZrO2 nanoparticles and their applications in poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene]‐based composite polymer electrolytes

To improve the electrochemical performance of pure poly[(vinylidene fluoride)‐co‐hexafluoropropylene] (P(VDF‐HFP))‐based gel polymer electrolytes, different amounts of monodispersed ZrO₂ nanoparticles were introduced to fabricate P(VDF‐HFP)/ZrO₂ composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) using the phase inversion method and activated processes, in which the monodispersed ZrO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by an easy route without any chelating agents or surfactants, and confirmed using scanning electron microscopy, particle size distribution measurement and X‐ray diffraction. The characterization results show that the as‐fabricated CPE membranes present not only an abundant porous structure, but also an improved mechanical strength. In particular, sample CPE‐5 presents the best properties when the doped content of the monodispersed ZrO₂ nanoparticles reaches 5 wt% in the polymer matrix, in which the liquid uptake and ionic conductivity at room temperature are about 192.4% and 3.926 mS cm^?1, and the electrochemical working window and thermal decomposition temperature can increase to 5.1 V and 420 °C, respectively. Moreover, an assembled LiCoO₂/CPE‐5/Li coin cell can deliver excellent rate and cycling performance, in which the discharge specific capacity of the cell can show about 83.95% capacity retention at 2.0 C after 85 cycles. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry     

TiO2纳米管阵列电极电催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用阳极氧化法制备了TiO2纳米管阵列电极.采用场发射扫描电子显微镜（FESEM）和X-射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了电极的表面形貌和晶体结构,应用电化学阻抗谱（EIS）技术研究了不同阳极极化电位下电板的导电性能,应用荧光光谱法研究了电极产生羟基自由基（·OH）的活性,考察了3种支持电解质（Na2SO4、NaNO3和NaCl）对甲基橙（MO）电催化降解效率的影响,通过加入捕获剂探讨了MO分子的降解机理.结果表明,TiO2纳米管阵列电极电极的导电性随阳极极化电位的升高而增强;在电场作用下,TiO2纳米管阵列电极表面生成大量·OH;Na2SO4和NaNO3不参与MO分子的氧化反应,MO的降解符合一级反应动力学模型,而NaCl参与了TiO2纳米管阵列电极电催化降解MO的过程,呈现出复杂的动力学行为;在捕获剂存在的情况下,MO分子仍能发生降解,显示MO分子可在TiO2纳米管阵列电极表面直接氧化.     

Preparation and performance analysis of barium titanate incorporated in corn starch‐based polymer electrolytes for electric double layer capacitor application

Polymer electrolyte membranes composing of corn starch as host polymer, lithium perchlorate (LiClO₄) as salt, and barium titanate (BaTiO₃) as composite filler are prepared using solution casting technique. Ionic conductivity is enhanced on addition of BaTiO₃ by reducing the crystallinity and increasing the amorphous phase content of the polymer electrolyte. The highest ionic conductivity of 1.28 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 is obtained for 10 wt % BaTiO₃ filler in corn starch‐LiClO₄ polymer electrolytes at 75°C. Glass transition temperature (T_g) of polymer electrolytes decreases as the amount of BaTiO₃ filler is increased, as observed in differential scanning calorimetry analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis are employed to characterize surface morphological and thermal properties of BaTiO₃‐based composite polymer electrolytes. The electrochemical properties of the electric double‐layer capacitor fabricating using the highest ionic conductivity polymer electrolytes is investigated using cyclic voltammetry and charge‐discharge analysis. The discharge capacitance obtained is 16.22 F g^?1. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43275.