Design of a minimum-loss series-fed foldable microstrip

The design and analysis of a series-fed, low-loss, inverted microstrip array antenna, operating at 1.413 GHz is presented. The array antenna is composed of two subarrays consisting of an equal number of microstrip patches connected together through a series microstrip line. The subarrays are coaxially fed 180/spl deg/ out of phase. This approach ensures a symmetric radiation pattern. The design approach for obtaining a low sidelobe ratio and a low loss microstrip array is accomplished using the IE3D code. Experimental and simulated data are presented and discussed.     

微带巴伦馈电圆锥等角螺旋天线设计与实验

无源雷达导引头一般采用宽带天线以满足对空间辐射源的探测和跟踪。圆锥等角螺旋天线具有宽频带和圆极化的辐射性能,因此它是一种合适的无源雷达导引头天线实现方案。为了满足实际项目的需要,本文开展了圆锥等角螺旋天线的设计和实验研究。设计了具体的天线结构和参数,采用微带粘结技术实现圆锥表面共形的等角螺旋天线臂的加工和焊接。设计了一种超宽带微带平衡-不平衡转换器(巴伦)以实现对设计天线的馈电。在微波暗室内对加工的天线进行了测量,给出了辐射方向图、增益、轴比等测试结果。实验结果表明,对于频带1GHz到5GHz工作频率范围,本文设计和加工的天线性能可以满足技术要求,其实验结果为本天线的实际应用奠定了基础。     

Two-arm microstrip spiral antenna for multi-beam pattern control

A two-arm microstrip spiral antenna with a circular aperture on the ground plane for multi-beam pattern control is presented. Several beam shapes can be selected by controlling the phase difference of the two spiral arms with the pin diode phase shifters located on each feedline. At the operating frequency band, the antenna has four different radiation patterns: the normal beam, the conical beam, and the two tilted beams. The multi-beam pattern control is confirmed with measurements.     

Radiation characteristics of a spherical array of circularly polarized elements

The radiation properties of a spherical phased-array antenna with circularly polarized elements are studied. Each antenna element is assumed to have a cosine type of field pattern. It is found that such an array is capable of providing complete hemispherical coverage without appreciable loss of gain. The radiation produced by the array stays circularly polarized in all directions, and the state of polarization is independent of beam steering. A special distribution of elements on a spherical surface is developed. This considerably suppresses the grating lobes in the pattern and thereby makes the antenna array broadband. Numerical calculations are made to determine the directivity and half-power beamwidth for the radiation patterns produced under various situations.     

一种新型宽带双极化低剖面复合式阵列天线

提出了一种利用多种形式的辐射贴片阵元组成的复合式阵列天线。阵元采用了多种形式的馈电方法。部分阵元和馈电微带线直接连接馈电,其他阵元和馈电微带线采用电磁耦合进行馈电。通过优化辐射贴片的形状、对应的馈电方法、辐射贴片连接端的阻抗调节块、阵列单元之间的阻抗调节段,在宽频带内不但获得了良好的阻抗特性,也实现了期望的赋形辐射方向图。测试结果表明,该阵列天线高度小于中心频率的0.06个波长,相对阻抗带宽(驻波比小于1.45)和辐射带宽分别超过23%和17%。     

A study on wideband gap-coupled microstrip antenna arrays

A method for increasing the bandwidth of microstrip antenna arrays by using gap-coupled patches is described. The input impedance properties of gap-coupled patches are analyzed by the use of the spectral dyadic Green's function for a grounded dielectric slab and the moment method. The dependence of different parameters such as s, L and ϵr on the impedance characteristics is investigated. In considering the effect of feed network, the impedance bandwidth for a VSWR<2 of two-element gap-coupled patch array is as large as 2.5 times that of an ordinary array. The radiation patterns over this bandwidth are measured and discussed. All the microstrip antenna arrays are fabricated on a substrate with ϵr=2.86, h=1.5 mm. A comparison of theoretical and experimental results for both input impedance and radiation patterns are given     

一种新型极化捷变有源微带天线阵

本文提出了一种新颖的极化捷变放大器型有源微带天线阵,只要在馈电端电控单一有源电路就能实现整个微带天线面阵极化的捷变和信号的放大.利用角馈方形微带贴片设计了一副具有高隔离度和低交叉极化的新颖16元双极化面阵,并分析了天线阵的共极化和交叉极化方向图.介绍了有源电路的设计.该电路利用一专用电控移相器,通过改变场效应管(FET)栅极的直流控制电压,电控两极化端口间的0°或90°相差,实现天线阵由线极化到圆极化的捷变.低噪声放大器(LNA)不仅使有源天线增益提高12-14dB,而且改善了天线的驻波比带宽和隔离度.文中给出了无源双极化阵和有源阵的实验结果,证实了理论的有效性.     

Electromechanical controlled phased array dumbbell EBG beam steerer

A steerable phased array antenna driven mechanically is realized by utilizing the variation of dumbbell electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures. The variation takes place under the feed line of a 4-element array that gives the change in relative phase shift. The phase shift achieved from different shaping combinations of EBGs shifting under the feed lines. The feed lines are connected with four microstrip patches to yield a 4-element phased array antenna. The mechanical controlled pattern shapes of phase array antenna are simulated in electromagnetic (EM) software Zeland IE3D. Finally the design is fabricated with the help of optical lithography. It can be seen that the beam steering angle can be controlled mechanically without phase shifter and PIN switches.     

Dual-polarised uniplanar conical-beam antennas for HIPERLAN

A dual-polarised conical-beam microstrip antenna, with a strictly uniplanar conductor pattern, is realised as an array of three square patches whose corners meet a central feed point. For the second polarisation the antenna functions as a series fed array     

Dual-polarized slot-coupled patch antennas on Duroid with teflonlenses for 76.5-GHz automotive radar systems

A dual-polarized 76.5-GHz microstrip patch and teflon lens antenna system was designed, constructed, and tested. A receiver (RX) array of three dual-polarized microstrip patches was coupled through a 10-cm-diameter lens to produce radiation patterns with 3° beamwidths and beam crossovers of -3 dB. The transmitter (TX) consisted of a single dual-polarized microstrip patch coupled through a 2.5-cm-diameter lens to produce a 10° beamwidth. Slot-coupled patches were used to isolate the microstrip feed circuit from the radiating elements. The antennas and feeds were fabricated on commercially available 5880 Duriod substrates. Cross-polarization levels were less than -20 dB and were typically less than -30 dB over the entire beam at the design frequency. First sidelobe levels were no greater than -15 dB and were typically closer to -20 dB. Stepped and unstepped versions of the 10-cm-diameter receive lens were designed and fabricated. Antenna system sidelobes levels were lower with the stepped lens while the cross-polarization levels were comparable     

Microstrip Yagi array antenna for mobile satellite vehicleapplication

A novel antenna structure formed by combining the Yagi-Uda array concept and the microstrip radiator technique is discussed. This antenna, called the microstrip Yagi array, has been developed for the mobile satellite (MSAT) system as a low-profile, low-cost, and mechanically steered medium-gain land-vehicle antenna. With the antenna's active patches (driven elements) and parasitic patches (reflector and director elements) located on the same horizontal plane, the main beam of the array can be tilted, by the effect of mutual coupling, in the elevation direction providing optimal coverage for users in the continental United States. Because the parasitic patches are not connected to any of the lossy RF power distributing circuit the antenna is an efficient radiating system. With the complete monopulse beamforming and power distributing circuits etched on a single thin stripline board underneath the microstrip Yagi array, the overall L -band antenna system has achieved a very low profile for vehicle rooftop mounting, as well as a low manufacturing cost. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of this antenna     

Dual-polarized slot-coupled planar antenna with wide bandwidth

A new dual-polarized slot-coupled microstrip patch antenna is presented, which can achieve high-isolation, low cross-polarization levels, a wide bandwidth, and low backward radiation levels. The coupling slot is an H-shaped slot. For wide bandwidth and easy integration with active circuits, it uses slot-coupled stacked microstrip patches. The theoretical analysis is based on the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. First, a parametric study on the input impedance of the antenna with a single input port is presented. Based on the results, a dual-polarized microstrip antenna is designed, fabricated, and then measured. The measured return loss exhibits an impedance bandwidth of over 20.9% and the isolation between two polarization ports is better than 36 dB over the bandwidth. The cross-polarization levels in both E and H planes are better than 22 dB. The front-to-back ratio of the antenna radiation pattern is better than 21 dB. Both theoretical and experimental results of return loss, isolation, and radiation patterns are presented and discussed.     

Polarization-agile microstrip antenna array using a single phase-shift circuit

A novel polarization-agile microstrip antenna array is proposed, in which the polarization agility from linear to circular polarization for the whole array is realized easily by controlling a single phase-shift circuit. Using the corner-fed square patch element, a new 16 element dual-polarized array with high isolation and low cross-polarization is designed and analyzed by the extended multiport network method. A special FET phase shifter circuit is created, where 0/spl deg/ or 90/spl deg/ phase shift between dual ports is electrically switched. Experimental results are presented to verify the theory, and measured circularly-polarized radiation patterns show a boresight axial ratio of 0.5 dB. Another experiment that connects a low noise amplifier together with the phase-shift circuit is also introduced, realizing both polarization agility and power amplification with one active circuit.     

Circular polarization microstrip antenna on a conical surface

A theoretical model to analyze the performance of a circular polarization microstrip antenna printed on a conical surface is presented. The radiation pattern of the antenna is simulated by the radiation from its four radiating edges (two axial and two circumferential). The electromagnetic field is expanded in terms of spherical wave modes and it is shown that the circular polarization is obtained by exciting in the antenna two spherical TE_r orthogonal modes with 90° phase difference. The impedance analysis is based on the cavity model. Experimental data fits well the theoretical predictions of the model     

抗干扰天线及天线阵列研究

本文对抗干扰天线及天线阵列进行了研究,提出了一种小型化的微带贴片天线,并使用该天线单元进行组阵。文中提出的立体天线阵列的主天线单元实现了宽波束和在低仰角方向上增益的改善,能够满足工程应用的需要。     

一种新型低剖面、双频、双极化宽频带阵列天线的研究与设计

设计了一种结构新颖的双频、双极化基站阵列天线并进行了仿真和实验研究。双频阵列由采用新型印刷金属圆弧耦合馈电的圆环天线(低频)与交叉微带印刷振子(高频)嵌套构成。首次采用印刷金属圆弧耦合馈电拓宽了圆环天线带宽,并利用反相馈电技术提高了端口隔离度(<-28dB)、加强了方位面方向图的对称性、降低了交叉极化电平;对在双频结构中受影响较大的高频阵元进行了相位误差分析;最后给出了整个双频阵列的实测结果,与仿真理论值吻合较好。该阵列天线具有宽频带(806~960MHz、1710~2170MHz)、低剖面(35mm)、高极化隔离、结构紧凑、方位面波瓣恒定(65±6°)等优点,适合用于双频基站系统或星载/舰载通信系统。     

A broadband planar quasi-Yagi antenna

A novel broadband planar antenna based on the classic Yagi-Uda dipole array is presented. This "quasi-Yagi" antenna achieves a measured 48% bandwidth for VSWR <2, better than 12 dB front-to-back ratio, smaller than -15 dB cross polarization, 3-5 dB absolute gain and a nominal efficiency of 93% across the operating bandwidth. Finite-difference time-domain simulation is used for optimization of the antenna and the results agree very well with measurements. Additionally, a gain-enhanced design is presented, where higher gain has been achieved at the cost of reduced bandwidth. These quasi-Yagi antennas are realized on a high dielectric constant substrate and are completely compatible with microstrip circuitry and solid-state devices. The excellent radiation properties of this antenna make it ideal as either a stand-alone antenna with a broad pattern or as an array element. The antenna should find wide applications in wireless communication systems, power combining, phased arrays and active arrays, as well as millimeter-wave imaging arrays.     

A circularly polarized conical beam spherical slot array antenna

This paper proposes a circularly polarized conical beam spherical slot array antenna which is suitable for a low elevation angle land mobile satellite communication subscriber. The structure of this antenna type is very simple to fabricate; i.e. a ring of perpendicular slot pairs is cut on an outer surface of a concentric conducting spherical cavity. From the assumption of weak coupling of the slots from the cavity, the conical beam pattern can be obtained. Experimental results that verify the conical beam radiation are in good agreement with the design.     

一种可用于相控阵的双点馈多层圆极化微带天线

设计出了一种双背馈空气夹层微带圆极化天线单元,该天线单元具有13％的阻抗带宽,最大辐射方向上轴比2．5dB。用该天线单元以顺序旋转的方式组成四元阵,再用八个该天线单元和两组一分八功分器组成八单元阵列,研究了该阵列天线圆极化波束分别指向天线阵法向和偏转30°时的辐射特性和极化特性。该天线单元组阵圆极化轴比特性好,易于实现波束扫描,适合用于有源相控阵系统。