村庄下条带开采对地表建筑的影响预测及评价

为实现在村庄建筑物不搬迁的情况下安全采煤、提高资源采出率、缓解矿井生产接替紧张的矛盾,结合矿区具体的地质采矿条件及地表村庄建筑物的现状,给出了条带开采设计方案．根据万年矿已有的地表移动观测资料,该矿区地表沉陷规律基本符合概率积分法．通过理论分析计算,确定了概率积分法的预计参数,并对地表移动和变形进行了预计,根据预计结果对村庄建筑物损害程度进行了分析和评价．研究结果表明,万年矿村庄下压煤采用条带法开采技术上可行,经济上合理．     

深孔爆破在黄砂坞围垦工程石料开采的应用

海盐县黄砂坞治江围垦工程采石场位于海盐县城南偏西方向,直距25公里处,矿区面积约0.0775 km2,矿区东西长290 m,南北宽230 m,开采标高自 8.00 m至 113.00 m,岩质主要由晶屑熔结凝灰岩组成.采石场石方开采量为150万m3,采用露天台阶深孔爆破,石料开采后直接用于围垦工程的抛坝施工.     

基于遗传算法的大厂矿区地震定位研究

基于遗传算法对大厂矿区的地震进行重新定位。为验证该方法在大厂矿区的应用效果,首先对已知的5次人工爆破进行定位,得出平均定位水平误差在146m范围内(矿区台网定位水平误差为500m),进而对大厂矿区的81次ML1.0级以上地震进行重新定位,结果表明:大厂矿震主要呈北西向展布,且主要集中在大厂断裂右侧;较大地震均与大厂断裂呈平行状分布,推断其附近可能有隐伏断层存在;大厂矿区地震主要受北西向断层的影响,受北东向断层的影响不大。定位后震源平均深度为2.8km,最大深度6.5km,最小深度1.5km。     

张集矿区GIS数据库的RS更新

对比张集矿井2000年和2007年CBERS图像,计算归一化植被指数NDVI并结合目视判读和计算机非监督分类方法,提取矿区开采塌陷和新建工业广场、公路、铁路等空间要素信息。在ArcGIS9.0平台下从原始数据库中提取各种土地利用类型要素,分别与矿区开采塌陷要素进行叠加分析,得出开采塌陷影响各种类型土地范围和准确影响面积结果,并结合遥感图像,对原数据库内矢量要素进行匹配调整,完成对张集矿区GIS数据库的更新。     

工业广场保护煤柱局部开采对矿区铁路的影响分析

结合煤矿的开采设计,根据其地质构造、煤层等采矿地质条件,在利用原有井筒和其它主要生产系统,保证现有生产系统正常安全运转的前提条件下,分析条带开采间隔煤柱的强度,论证开采的安全系数,对地表矿区铁路因工业广场保护煤柱局部开采后的影响进行分析,并根据矿区铁路的损害程度提出了相应的调整和维修措施．     

采石爆破地震波对周围村庄的影响分析

为了减小矿山采石爆破地震波对周围村庄的影响,对采石厂周围地震波强度进行了监测.通过对监测数据分析可知,距爆源最近处民房的最大爆破震动速度远小于国家的规定标准;单独一次爆破引起的地震波和空气冲击波对村庄造成的影响可以忽略不计,但长期的、反复的爆破震动产生的日积月累影响是存在的,并由此提出相应的减小地震波对村庄影响的建议.     

大同矿区双系煤层开采远近场协同控顶机理与技术

大空间采场顶板结构复杂,采场矿压显现频次高、强度大,影响矿井安全生产.基于大同矿区双系煤层开采条件,在顶板结构分析基础上深化煤柱影响研究,建立多采空区顶板连拱结构模型,揭示大空间采场协同控顶机理.研究表明:矿区特厚煤层开采扰动影响高度在150m左右,形成了具有"低位组合悬梁+中位砌体梁+高位大结构"特征的渐次演化顶板群组结构,且高位顶板失稳联动是采场强矿压发生的主控因素;侏罗系煤柱底板应力集中影响区深度约100m,采空区顶板连拱结构联合煤柱集中传载是诱发采场强矿压的强化条件;改变大空间采场覆岩结构是防治采场强矿压的关键,提出了远近场协同控制理念,实施了硬岩远场地面压裂和煤岩近场井下承压爆破预裂的协同控顶技术,取得了较好控制效果.     

分形理论与岩石爆破块度的预报研究

随着现代经济对于自然资源需求量的不断升高,使得人类对于矿产的采集速度在不断的加快,同时各类先进的采矿技术也在改进和应用当中,矿区爆破是整个矿产开采过程中的首要步骤,在爆破过程中所产生的岩石碎片对周围工作人员和设施具有一定的潜在威胁,因此必须要对岩石的爆破块度进行预测和控制。本文即是对分形理论和岩石爆破块度的预报进行研究,首先分析了分形理论,然后探讨了岩石破碎过程中的分形规律,以期能为相关工作提供参考。     

高陡边坡爆破震动动力可靠性评价方法研究

高陡边坡下伏矿体的开采活动对边坡的稳定性影响显著。同时考虑到岩体力学参数和爆破荷载的随机特性,以爆破震动引起的高陡边坡岩体稳定性为研究对象,建立了在爆破震动影响下基于首次超越破坏理论的高陡边坡动力可靠性评价方法。以云南省某铅锌矿大明槽高陡边坡下伏古矿冶炉渣矿爆破开采为例,应用爆破震动动力可靠度方法分析了现有爆破开采方案对大明槽高陡边坡稳定性的影响,模拟结果动力可靠性概率Pr(a)=1,表明现有爆破开采方案是可行的。     

关于石油天然气开采会计准则的探讨

《企业会计准则第27号——石油天然气开采》规范了石油天然气企业矿区权益的取得、勘探、开发和生产等活动的会计处理和相关信息披露,突出了油气开采会计的特点与原会计处理存在的主要差异：要求采用成果法对石油天然气资产计价;允许采用产量法计提油气资产的折耗;需确认矿区权益的减值损失和矿区权益的转让损益;允许提取弃置支出准备等。该准则与国际惯例基本实现了趋同,为我国的石油企业融入国际竞争环境创造了坚实的基础。     

滚筒式露天采矿机在某露天矿的应用预评价

滚筒式露天采矿机以其卓越的挖掘性能,避免了传统采矿工艺中的穿孔、爆破、粗碎等工作,也可以避免爆破震动对露天边坡造成的次生危害;其超强的选采分采性能,可以实现精细化采矿,极大地降低矿石的损失贫化管理难度。根据实际地质条件、采矿工艺及矿体赋存条件,预评价该设备在某露天矿应有广阔的应用前景。     

Optimization on cut-hole of mining tunnel excavation

The efficiency of excavation a mining tunnel is definitely linked with modes of cut-holes. According to experience and methods of engineering analogy, the double-wedge cut, the 9-hole cut and the single spiral cut were determined originally by con-sidering the production conditions and blasting environment of the mining tunnels of the -74 m horizontal in the Da-ye iron mine. Based on acquired modes of cut-holes, the effect of the cut was studied, on the one hand, by a numerical simulation method with the aid of LS-DYNA3D, a nonlinear dynamic finite element program; on the other hand, a spot experiment was carried out in the mining tunnels. Both the numerical simulation and the spot experiment demonstrated and agreed that a single spiral cut provides the optimum excavation effect.     

Aspects of surface and environment protection in German mining areas

Hard coal mining in the German Ruhr district has a tradition of more than 200 years. Starting in the south near the river Ruhr with mining of seams near to the surface, mining wandered to the north with coal seams deeper and deeper. In the same way all environmental effects of mining wandered from south to north, as there are abandoned mining sites, contaminated areas, burning mining dumps, subsided areas and gas accesses at day ground. This all happened in a very high populated area with more than four million inhabitants. Therefore Germany has a long tradition in solving environmental problems of mining activities. The very good interaction of mine authority, mining companies and the mine workers' union is the main reason why the problems of decreasing mining activities in Germany were solved without economic, environmental or social hazards.     

孙村煤矿经济合理的开采深度

在分析孙村煤矿开采现状的基础上,深入研究了孙村煤矿各生产环节及总的吨煤生产费用随开采深度变化的规律。按孙村煤矿目前的技术状况分析计算：矿井开采深度每增加１００ｍ,原煤砘煤生产费用增加６％～７％。找出吨煤生产费用随采深增加的主要环节,提出了提高单产及总产、改造通风系统、改进巷道布置等措施,降低吨煤生产费用１４％左右。以矿井地质条件及技术可行性论证为约束、以矿井盈利为依据,预测孙村煤矿经济合理的开采深     

Analysis of microseismic activity in rock mass controlled by fault in deep metal mine

Aiming at evaluating the stability of a rock mass near a fault,a microseismic(MS) monitoring system was established in Hongtoushan copper mine.The distribution of displacement and log(/),the relationship between MS activity and the exploitation process,and the stability of the rock mass controlled by a fault were studied.The results obtained from microseismic data showed that MS events were mainly concentrated al the footwall of the fault.When the distance to the fault exceeded 20 m,the rock mass reached a relatively stable state.MS activity is closely related to the mining process.Under the strong disturbance from blasting,the initiation and propagation of cracks is much faster.MS activity belongs in the category of aftershocks after large scale excavation.The displacement and log(C/) obtained from MS events can reflect the difference in physical and mechanical behavior of different areas within the rock mass,which is useful in judging the integrity and degradation of the rock mass.     

复式楔形掏槽在马路坪矿切割上山中的应用

为了改善贵州开磷集团马路坪矿地下切割上山的掘进效果,为矿房矿石回采创造良好的自由面和岩石碎胀空间,进而提高切割上山掘进的效率和整个矿房的安全高效回采效率,通过分析独头工作面切割上山不同掏槽方式的作用机理,结合马路坪矿的工程地质和实际生产概况,在以往切割拉槽爆破技术的基础上进行工艺改进,通过对比分析提出了二级复式楔形掏槽技术方法,并在马路坪矿中磷640分层3#底柱北四矿房进行了现场爆破试验.结果证明,该复式楔形掏槽可以提高掏槽爆破中槽腔形成效果,掏槽体积更大,槽腔碎石初始动能大,同时改善了切割上山工作面的安全工作条件,为切割上山掘进工艺改进提供了新的思路.     

Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.     

大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面冲击矿压治理研究

为了解决大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面的冲击矿压问题,以古城煤矿2106工作面为例,采用现场分析、实验室试验、数值模拟的方法对其发生机理进行了研究.结果表明在此条件下开采时发生的冲击矿压与煤岩性质、采深、坚硬顶板厚度及顶板的周期来压有密切关系.当冲击矿压发生的煤层具有强冲击倾向性,煤层硬度系数大于3、采深900 m以上、顶板岩层坚硬且厚度大于20 m时,冲击矿压发生具有突然性和猛烈性;主要发生在顶板周期来压期间、超前支护50m范围内,此时工作面的CH4和CO气体含量同时升高.对此提出了钻屑法等预测预报的方法和煤体爆破卸压与柔性支护等治理措施.     

Feasibility Study on Continuous Mining Method in Deep Position of Jinchuan Nickel Mine, China

Jinchuan nickel mine is the largest nickel mine in China. Cut-and-fill mining method with high density cementing materials is used in the mine. The original mining design divided the mining operation into two steps. The first step stopped the mining rooms and the second step stopped the pillars. Because the two-step method made big trouble for finally mining pillars and strongly limited the mining speed and production, it was successfully changed to a continuous cut-and-fill method without pillars. Howerver, the mining operation in the mine has been down to 800 m and the mining condition is getting worse and more complicated. Through systematical field investigations and 3-D FEM analysis, it is proved that the mining method without pillars is feasible for mining deeper orebodies in Jinchuan nickel mine.     

Subsidence over room and pillar retreat mining in a low coal seam

The objective of this paper is to study the behavior of a low thick and low depth coal seam and the overburden rock mass. The mining method is room and pillar in retreat and partial pillar recovery. The excavation method is conventional drill and blast because of the small production. The partial pillar recovery is about 30% of the previous pillar size, 7 m × 7 m. The roof displacement was monitored during retreat operation; the surface movement was also monitored. The effect of the blasting vibration on the final pillar strength had been considered. Due to blasting, the pillar reduced about 20%. The consequence is more pillar deformation and roof vertical displacement. The pillar retreat and ground movement were simulated in a three-dimensional numerical model. This model was created to predict the surface subsidence and compare to the subsidence measured. This study showed that the remaining pillar and low seam reduce the subsidence that was predicted with conventional methods.