压缩传感图像重建算法的FPGA实现

压缩传感理论允许以低于奈奎斯特定理规定的采样频率对信号进行采样并重构.近年来,压缩传感信号重建的研究大多用软件实现.文中设计一种基于FPGA的OMP重构算法的硬件实现,使用QR分解求解矩阵的伪逆.仿真结果表明应用FPGA得到的重构信号逼近原信号,且重建速度快.基于FPGA的压缩传感信号重建,减少了信号重构所需的时间,推进了压缩传感进入实际应用的进程.     

CS与GPR联合反演目标成像

压缩传感(CS)理论是在已知信号具有稀疏性或可压缩性的条件下对信号数据进行采集、编解码的新理论。压缩传感采用非自适应线性投影来保持信号的原始结构,能通过数值最优化问题准确重构原始信号。压缩传感以远低于奈奎斯特频率进行采样,在高分辨压缩成像系统、视频图像采集系统、雷达成像以及MRI医疗成像等领域有着广阔的应用前景。阐述了压缩传感理论框架以及信号稀疏表示、CS编解码模型,并进行了压缩传感与探地雷达联合反演目标成像。反演结果表明,随机孔径压缩传感成像算法比递归反向投影算法和最小二乘法所需数据量少,成像效果好,目标旁瓣小,对噪声的鲁棒性更好。     

压缩感知理论及其应用前景

压缩感知理论是近年来提出的一种基于信号稀疏性的新兴采样理论。与通常的数据采样定理不同,该理论提出可以用远远少于传统采样定理所需的采样点数或观测点数恢复出原信号或图像。本文主要阐述了压缩感知中信号的稀疏表示、测量矩阵的设计及信号的重构算法等基本理论,论述了该理论的广阔应用前景。     

基于改进粒子群算法的压缩感知

在稀疏信号处理中,压缩感知能够用较低的采样频率对稀疏信号进行压缩采样,而信号重建的问题则可归结为一个最优化问题,并可采用粒子群算法进行求解。针对压缩感知问题,本文对传统的粒子群算法进行了深入的分析和改进,得到了粒子数目的下界,并提出了三维环形邻域结构和多群协作机制,依此建立了有效的感知压缩重建方法,且将其应用于二维稀疏信号的重建。最后,本文通过在模拟和真实数据上实验结果验证了这种新型感知压缩方法的有效性和优越性。      

基于压缩传感的红外或毫米波无源高分辨率成像

设计了一种基于压缩传感理论的红外或毫米波无源成像系统。 压缩传感是一种利用稀疏或可压缩的先验信息进行信号获取和重建的技术,它能以远低于奈奎斯特采样率的速率对信号 进行采样,并可实现高精度的重建。针对传统系统的固有缺点设计的上述毫米波无源成像系统,能在压缩传感理论的指导下进行成像。仿真结果表 明,该系统具有良好的成像性能,提高了峰值信噪比,改善了分辨率,并大大压缩了数据存储量。     

一种基于能量的压缩感知稀疏度估计算法

压缩感知理论中,信号稀疏度直接关系到采样速率的设定以及观测矩阵的构造,而该先验信息往往受限.针对这一问题,本文从大维随机矩阵谱分析理论出发,分析了采样协方差矩阵的极限特征值概率分布特征,并结合其与观测信号能量的关系推导得到观测信号能量与压缩率、稀疏度和信噪比之间的对应关系,提出一种基于观测信号能量的稀疏度估计算法.相对于已有算法,该算法计算复杂度较低,且估计精度较好,并可通过增加采样开销进一步提升稀疏度估计精度,仿真实验验证了本文算法的有效性.     

用信道编码构造压缩感知测量矩阵

压缩感知是近年来,针对稀疏信号和可压缩信号的处理而出现的一种信号处理理论。测量矩阵是压缩感知理论中的一个至关重要的环节,它对信号采样和重构算法有着重要的影响。虽然一般传统的随机测量矩阵重建信号效果比较好,但有硬件实现比较困难的问题,并需要大量的存储空间和其他缺陷。确定性测量矩阵的出现,正好弥补了这些缺点。在本文中,基于信道编码中校验矩阵特性的优势,获得了满足有限紧致特性要求的确定性测量矩阵构造方法。把校验矩阵的列向量标准化、线性组合扩展到方阵、置换列向量后构成的矩阵作为确定性测量矩阵。这种方法可以在构造完成一个信道编码校验矩阵后,很容易构造对应的测量矩阵。数值结果表明,在相同重建算法和压缩比下,这种方法的性能和随机测量矩阵大致相若,甚至有所改善。同时,本文提出方法的构造时间较少,重建时只需要运行一次,可以满足实时性需求。为压缩感知算法的实际应用提供了一种有效的测量矩阵构造方法。      

基于改进压缩感知的缺损光纤Bragg光栅传感信号修复方法

光纤光栅传感在实际的应用中,存在采样信号数据丢失问题,该文提出一种改进重构算法的压缩感知信号修复方法。根据缺损信号特征,选取与之匹配的观测矩阵与稀疏字典。基于压缩感知重构算法,提出匹配光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)信号特征的自适应阈值函数,同时增设阈值判决条件。分析了信号修复与传感测量精度的关系,采用重建信号的寻峰误差来验证信号的修复效果。仿真结果显示,在FBG光谱数据缺失30%的情况下,恢复信号的平均相对误差为10-6;均方根误差为0.0707,比对比算法低0.0232~0.1159;且系统平均运行时间远低于对比算法,表明采用该文算法修复缺损的FBG传感信号具有较高的重构精度与较好的实用性。     

压缩感知理论及两种贪婪算法详解

压缩感知理论使得采样频率与信号的内容和结构相关,在远低于Nyquist采样定理的采样频率下对数据直接进行压缩采样,为处理冗余数据做出了巨大贡献。关于压缩感知的基本理论,文章从信号的重构算法、信号的稀疏基以及信号测量矩阵的设计3个方面详细介绍。贪婪算法是重构算法中效率最高的算法,文章介绍其最开始提出的比较经典的两种算法:匹配追踪和正交匹配追踪,并详细给出了两个算法的本质思想、数学框架以及推导过程,也分析并证明了其收敛性。     

基于压缩感知的电容层析成像图像重建算法

为提高电容层析成像（ECT）系统采样速率及重建图像质量,本文提出一种基于压缩感知理论的ECT图像重建算法.首先,应用离散Fourier变换基将原始图像灰度信号进行稀疏化处理;接着,从16电极ECT系统中随机选取14个电极按随机顺序进行激励,并按随机顺序测量不同电极之间电容值,得到测量电容信号并建立相应的观测矩阵;最后,采用L1范数正则化模型和原对偶内点法实现图像重建.仿真实验结果表明,基于压缩感知理论算法重建的图像其质量优于Landweber迭代算法,在节省采样时间的同时可实现较高精度的图像重建,为ECT图像重建的研究提供了一种新的手段.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.