涂层结构设计对等离子喷涂陶瓷层结合强度及其应力的影响

用等离子在45#碳钢上喷涂了不同涂层设计的Al2O3以及Al2O3+130mg·g-1TiO2陶瓷层.用X-射线衍射法和拉伸实验测量了涂层表面层中的残余应力及结合强度.增加粘结层和过渡层能大大地克服陶瓷涂层与基材机械的以及热的不匹配性,使涂层的应力和结合强度都得到明显改善.此外,SiO2能改善ZrO2陶瓷层与基材以及陶瓷层内部的结合程度,使涂层内应力松弛并使其结合强度提高.然而SiO2添加剂只有在高熔点陶瓷层中(如ZrO2),"液相烧结"作用才明显,而在熔点较低的陶瓷层中(如Al2O3),这种作用并不明显.在用等离子喷涂低熔点Al2O3陶瓷时,添加适量的低熔点TiO2陶瓷是必要的.     

Al2O3涂层碳纤维/环氧基复合材料的性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法在碳纤维的表面涂覆了一层Al2O3涂层,透射电镜分析表明涂层中粒子的大小约为10nm,接触角分析表明涂层后碳纤维的表面张力有大幅提高.通过比较涂层前后碳纤维/环氧复合材料的力学性能发现,Al2O3涂层后复合材料的层间剪切强度,拉伸强度和弯曲强度分别提高了17.7%,4.8%和3.1%.扫描电镜分析表明,Al2O3涂层后的碳纤维与环氧树脂基体的结合更加紧密.且在碳纤维表面形成的Al2O3涂层在350℃～700℃能有效地减缓碳纤维环氧基复合材料的氧化失重速率.     

自蔓延高温合成反应热喷涂Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层的性能

为了改善AZ31B镁合金的耐磨性,以Al2O3-13%TiO2为陶瓷骨料,在其中加入Al/CuO铝热荆,采用普通氧乙炔火焰自蔓延高温合成反应热喷涂技术在镁合金表面制备Al2O3基复相陶瓷涂层.通过X射线衍射分析了陶瓷涂层的组成.结果表明,所得复相陶瓷涂层具有良好的抗热震性,涂层内有Cu4MgO5,CuAlO2等新的物相产生.磨粒磨损试验、黏着干磨损试验和黏着油磨损试验表明:自蔓延反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层的耐磨性是AZ31B基体的6.48,3.32,6.04倍,普通热喷涂层的耐磨性是AZ31B基体的3.60,1.76,1.67倍,自蔓延反应热喷涂陶瓷涂层的耐磨性比普通热喷涂层有较大提高.     

Al2O3涂层相变对石英纤维及其磷酸铬铝复合材料性能影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Al2O3溶胶,通过TG-DTA-DSC、FT-IR、XRD、SEM等测试手段研究了Al2O3涂层相变规律,探讨了涂覆在石英纤维上的Al2O3涂层在不同温度处理下,石英纤维的耐酸性、抗拉伸强度和抗氧化性能及其复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,经过300℃处理后的Al2O3涂层,能均匀地包覆在石英纤维表面,增强石英纤维的耐酸性、抗拉伸力和抗氧化性能,改善石英纤维与酸性磷酸盐基体材料的结合,增强复合材料的力学性能。     

等离子喷涂Al_2O_3-13%TiO_2涂层微观组织结构与力学性能分析

采用等离子喷涂技术在钢基体上表面制备了Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层,喷涂粉末分别采用微米和纳米结构,测试了涂层的显微硬度;采用定量分析软件测定了涂层孔隙率并通过扫描电镜分析了涂层的显微组织;采用拉伸试验机测试了涂层的结合强度。结果表明,微米粉制备的Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层具有明显的层状结构,纳米粉制备的Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层在层状结构的基础上镶嵌有大量的未融化和部分融化的粒子;纳米Al2O3-13%TiO2涂层粒子间结合紧密,孔隙率低,结合强度高,显微硬度高。     

耐锌蚀陶瓷防护层的制备与腐蚀机理初探

采用电弧喷涂法预先在Q235钢试样基体上喷涂FeCrAl粘结层,再利用等离子弧喷涂制备Al2O3陶瓷涂层,分析了陶瓷涂层在500℃静态锌液腐蚀试验中的腐蚀机制及影响因素.通过SEM和XRD分析可知,Al2O3陶瓷涂层与锌液为不互溶材料,起隔离基体与锌液、防止铁锌发生互扩散反应的作用.试验结果表明,等离子喷涂的Al2O3陶瓷涂层能极大地延缓Q235钢腐蚀失效的时间,耐液锌腐蚀性极好;陶瓷涂层的结合强度和涂层厚度是影响耐锌蚀性能的主要因素.     

等离子喷涂制备铪酸钇热障涂层及其性能的研究

采用大气等离子喷涂(APS)设备在高温合金(GH49)基体上制备了Y2Hf2O7热障涂层.采用金像显微镜对所制得涂层的截面进行观察,并对其孔隙率进行测量,测得结果为13.77％.采用对耦拉伸法对制得涂层的结合强度进行测试以检验涂层基本性能,所得结合强度为25.13MPa.为检验涂层抗热冲击性能,对涂层试样实施整体热冲击实验,经10次整体热冲击后表现为边缘处出现少量的剥落,其失效主要是在陶瓷层粒子与黏结层的界面处.陶瓷层与金属黏结层界面处因热膨胀系数差异导致的热应力和陶瓷层自身强度较低是涂层失效的主要原因.     

钛合金表面阴极微弧电沉积Al2O3-SiC复合涂层

通过高温烧结法在TC4钛合金表面制备了起弧阻挡层,然后采用阴极微弧电沉积工艺在TC4钛合金表面制备了Al2O3-SiC复合陶瓷涂层,重点研究了复合陶瓷涂层的制备工艺及影响因素,并采用扫描电镜、能谱仪等观测了起弧阻挡层及复合陶瓷涂层的表面微观形貌及成分组成。结果表明,阴极微弧电沉积技术能够在钛合金表面制备出Al2O3-SiC复合涂层,且起弧阻挡层至关重要,为起弧必备条件,SiC在Al2O3基体中的分散性较好,涂层较厚且分布均匀。     

Ti-Al球磨粉反应等离子喷涂涂层的组织与性能

为制备Ti-Al金属间化合物复合涂层并研究其性能,以机械球磨的Ti-Al混合粉在Q235钢表面进行反应等离子喷涂实验,分别采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对涂层的成分、显微组织进行了分析,并测试了涂层的结合强度、显微硬度和耐腐蚀性能.结果表明:涂层由Al3Ti、TiN、Al2O3、少量TiAl与Ti3Al、以及残留的Al和Ti组成;球磨可促进喷涂时的反应,但喷涂时Al和Ti仍未完全反应,且在空气环境中喷涂容易氧化和氮化;涂层与基体之间是镶嵌式的机械结合,结合强度平均为30.24 MPa;涂层表面的显微硬度平均为206.1 HV,涂层的耐腐蚀性优于基体.总体上看,当球磨时间较长、电流较大、喷涂距离较大、气流量较小时,喷涂时的反应较充分,且涂层比较均匀、致密,其强度、硬度以及耐腐蚀性能较高.     

Ti(CN)/TiC/Al2O3/TiN多层涂层的结构和界面结合力研究

采用中温、高温复合化学气相沉积技术(MHCVD)在WC- (6％wt)Co硬质合金基体表面制备了Ti(CN)/TiC/Al2O3/TiN 多层陶瓷涂层.通过光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和数显显微硬度计等手段分析多层陶瓷涂层的表面及断面形貌、物相组成、显微硬度;采用表面划痕实验,结合形貌观察及X射线能谱分析(EDS)研究多层陶瓷涂层/硬质合金基体的界面结合力及其影响因素.结果表明:Ti(CN)/TiC/Al2O3/TiN 多层陶瓷涂层结构均匀致密,涂层后硬质合金的显微硬度明显提高,约2600 HV,多层陶瓷涂层与基体界面结合良好,划痕实验显示临界载荷高达105 N,多层陶瓷涂层界面间的原子扩散作用对涂层/基体界面附着力有较大贡献,而涂层内部少量Ti2O3、W6Co6C 等物相的存在对提高界面结合力也有帮助.     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.