1100MPa级高强钢的低周疲劳行为

研究了在对称应变控制条件下1100 MPa级调质态高强钢的低周疲劳性能,借助OM、SEM、TEM等手段对高强钢在低周疲劳载荷下的微观组织、断口形貌、裂纹扩展特性、夹杂物形态等进行了研究。结果表明,调质态1100 MPa高强钢具有优异的低周疲劳性能,主要有2个原因:一是由于夹杂物形态为近圆形,直径为2～5μm,低于夹杂物引起疲劳裂纹萌生的临界尺寸,裂纹萌生于试样表面,提高了疲劳裂纹萌生寿命;二是原奥氏体晶界、马氏体板条包/束界、夹杂物/孔洞都会诱导裂纹偏转,使裂纹走向曲折,降低了裂纹扩展速率,提高了疲劳裂纹扩展寿命。     

回转奥氏体对9Ni钢低温断裂机制的影响

采用示波冲击法测定了9Ni钢冲击过程中裂纹萌生、扩展等阶段所消耗的能量,并通过测定钢中回转奥氏体含量,研究了冲击断裂过程中回转奥氏体的作用机制。结果表明:随着回转奥氏体含量的增加,裂纹形核功不断上升,但趋势减缓,而裂纹扩展功则先快速上升后又大幅下降,峰值与回转奥氏体稳定性的峰值重合,表明稳定性差的回转奥氏体会导致扩展功大幅下降。由于裂纹形核功随回转奥氏体稳定性的变化相对平缓,扩展功的变化则更为剧烈,因此提高回转奥氏体稳定性进而增加扩展功是改善9Ni钢低温韧性的有效手段。     

超高纯铁素体不锈钢在3．5％NaCl中的腐蚀疲劳的裂纹萌生

本文利用三电极技术研究了超高纯铁素体不锈钢Ｆｅ－２６Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ在３．５％ＮａＣｌ水溶液转化体系中，低周腐蚀疲劳的裂纹萌生行为．在静态点蚀电位以下，形变诱发点蚀出现，但是点蚀在本文的研究体系不是导致裂纹萌生的原因．在低应变速率下，裂纹沿晶内的驻留滑移带萌生，且沿滑移带的电化学溶解加快了裂纹萌生．在高应变速率下，裂纹在晶界萌生，且沿晶界有点蚀实验结果表明，电化学溶解加速了裂纹萌生，点蚀在此钝化体系中不是裂纹萌生的机制．应变速率影响裂纹萌生方式．     

夹杂物对超高强度钢低周疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展影响的原位观测

采用扫描电镜原位观测了数微米大小夹杂物对超高强度钢疲劳裂纹萌生及扩展的影响,并用有限元法解释了夹杂物尺寸和形状对疲劳裂纹萌生及初期扩展的影响程度,得到了超高强度钢低周疲劳裂纹萌生与扩展特性和夹杂物对疲劳破坏的关键尺寸的估计值．同时,讨论了现行实验方法对确定铁基材料裂纹扩展速率的作用．     

TB6钛合金疲劳及裂纹扩展性能研究

本文对TB6钛合金锻件弦向和径向两种取样方向分别进行了室温和200℃下旋转弯曲高周疲劳、轴向低周疲劳和疲劳裂纹扩展性能试验研究。试验结果表明,弦向（C）和径向（R）两种取样方向对该合金锻件的旋转弯曲高周疲劳、轴向低周疲劳性能和疲劳裂纹扩展性能没有影响;温度升高可加速该合金锻件的疲劳裂纹萌生,但在裂纹扩展阶段,该合金高温下的韧性优势与屈服强度降低的劣势平衡的结果使其在室温～200℃温度范围内的疲劳性能基本不受温度的影响;在10—20mm的厚度范围内,厚度对该合金的疲劳裂纹扩展性能没有影响;在3．5％NaCl盐雾环境中。腐蚀介质对TB6钛合金的疲劳裂纹扩展速率在初始阶段有迟滞作用,但在应力强度因子范围大于14MPa m后有加速作用。     

回火温度对Si-Mn低碳贝氏体钢塑韧性的影响

采用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜研究了不同回火温度对Si-Mn低碳贝氏体钢的力学性能、微观组织、残留奥氏体、冲击断裂裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明,提高低碳贝氏体钢回火温度,降低残留奥氏体量,增加残留奥氏体的稳定性,有利于塑韧性的改善。但回火温度达到500℃以上,残留奥氏体量都发生转变或分解,塑韧性会变差。稳定的残留奥氏体会增大裂纹扩展能量,从而改善塑韧性。     

应力控制条件下奥氏体不锈钢的低周疲劳性能

以JIS SUS 304和SUS 304N为实验材料,在应力控制条件下研究了两种奥氏体不锈钢的低周疲劳性能.结果表明:（1）在低应力区（σa<430 MPa）,SUS 304N的疲劳寿命高于SUS 304的疲劳寿命;但在高应力区（σa>430 MPa）,静强度较高的SUS 304N的疲劳寿命反而低于SUS 304的疲劳寿命.（2）SUS 304中疲劳微裂纹萌生的循环次数比远小于SUS　304N.在低应力区,SUS　304中的疲劳微裂纹萌生后。其扩展速率大于SUS　304N;但在高应力区,SUS　304中的疲劳微裂纹萌生后,其扩展速率小于SUS 304N,使它在高应力区的疲劳寿命超过了SUS 304N.（3）添加氮元素后.奥氏体组织的稳定性得到提高.疲劳实验过程中SUS 304发生了显著的应变诱发马氏体转变,而SUS 304N基本未发生此现象.     

62Sn─36Pb─2AgSMT封装焊点的等温剪切低周疲劳特征SCIEI

研究了表面封装焊在剪切应力作用下等温低周疲劳特征，得到疲劳寿命与循环应力幅的关系曲线．分析了６２Ｓｎ─３６Ｐｂ─２Ａｇ焊点的低周疲劳失效机理。结果表明：６２Ｓｎ─３６Ｐｂ─２Ａｇ表面封装焊点在剪应力控制等温低周疲劳过程中有明显的循环蠕变行为，焊点的失效是由于疲劳与蠕变的交互作用造成的。在２５℃，低应力水平下，焊点的失效主要受疲劳过程控制，而高应力水平下，焊点的失效主要受蠕变过程控制；１００℃等温低周疲劳的失效机理与室温疲劳相似，其由疲劳机理向蠕变机理转化的应力水平τ_（＋）较室温下为低，但在相对应力水平（τ_＋／τ_ｂ和τ_＋／τ_ｂ＇）相同时，１００℃与室温时疲劳裂纹的扩展速率ｄａ／ｄＮ基本一致。     

低温环境对9%Ni钢SMAW接头低周疲劳性能的影响

对9%Ni钢焊条电弧焊接头的低周疲劳性能进行了测试,绘制了室温环境的应变-寿命曲线,测试了低温(-180℃)环境下高应变幅值(0.6%)的低周疲劳寿命,观察了不同测试温度的试样断口,分析低温环境对裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展过程的影响。结果表明,在高应变幅值循环作用下,9%Ni钢接头在低温环境中出现循环硬化效应,而在室温中出现循环软化效应,表明低温环境有助于减缓9%Ni钢接头的裂纹萌生过程,裂纹的扩展速度在低温时有所增加。     

残余奥氏体对20Mn2SiVB钢的疲劳裂纹扩展的影响

研究了残余奥氏体对20Mn2SiVB钢疲劳裂纹扩展的影响。结果表明，在贝氏体铁素体中有残余奥氏体膜的存在．残余奥氏体膜可起到提高断裂韧性的作用；在应力强度因子较高的范围内，疲劳裂纹扩展速率受钢的断裂韧性影响．断裂韧性高，裂纹扩展速率低。     

30CrNi4Mo钢的组织和冲击疲劳性能的研究

研究了30CrNi4Mo钢不同热处理的组织和冲击疲劳性能。结果表明,30CrNi4Mo钢正火低温回火的组织由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体组成,淬火低温回火组织为回火马氏体和残余奥氏体。正火低温回火的冲击疲劳裂纹形成寿命高于淬火低温回火和淬火高温回火的冲击疲劳裂纹形成寿命,淬火高温回火的冲击疲劳总寿命高于正火及淬火低温回火热处理的冲击疲劳寿命。分析了多冲击疲劳裂纹扩展的行为,讨论了正火低温回火冲击疲劳裂纹形成寿命较长及淬火高温回火提高冲击疲劳总寿命的原因。     

TRANSFORMATION OF RETAINED AUSTENITE IN CARBURIZED CASE DURING FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH

The morphology of the retained austenite in the carburized case of 20CrNiMo steel and itstransformation during fatigue crack propagation through the case were investigated by usingX-ray and TEM analysis.In the carburized case both film and block shaped retainedaustenite were found.Due to the crystallographic orientation relationship at the interface,thefatigue crack is inclined to pass through the block shaped retained austenite and thereby stim-ulates its strain-induced martensitie transformation.During the process of the fatigue frac-ture,most of the retained austenite structures on the crack path are transformed into themartensite,and the untranaformed parts on the fracture surface remain less than 6%.Thetransformation of the retained austenite,which is restrieted mainly within the plastic zone,oc-curs only during the proeess of fracture,and is independent of the magnitudes of the externalstress,stress ratio and cyclic number.The volume expansion accompanying the transforma-tion creates an additional residual displacement of about 0.44μm on fracture surfaces,whichis equivalent to the magnitude of the plasticity-induced residual displacement.The phasetransformation induced fatigue crack closure is believed to be an important factor affectingthe fatigue crack behaviors in the high carbon laver of the carburized case.     

低温卷取热轧双相钢的显微组织及疲劳性能

采用扫描电镜、拉-拉疲劳试验机等研究了低温卷取热轧双相钢的显微组织及疲劳性能。结果表明:热轧双相试验钢的疲劳极限约为530 MPa;低温卷取工艺生产的热轧双相试验钢夹杂物平均尺寸多在5 μm以下,晶粒比较细小,马氏体组织较细小且弥散均匀分布,具有良好的综合力学性能。热轧双相试验钢疲劳裂纹源位于样品表面的棱角处,疲劳裂纹扩展区上有大量的韧窝、撕裂棱、疲劳辉纹和二次裂纹,瞬断区以浅韧窝为主,由于铁素体和马氏体发生不同程度的应变,最终二次裂纹在铁素体和马氏体的相界面萌生。二次裂纹虽然萌生但并未扩展,大量二次裂纹分散主裂纹尖端应力集中,可有效降低裂纹扩展的驱动力,降低疲劳裂纹扩散速率,抑制疲劳裂纹扩展,使疲劳强度得到提升。     

FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF META-BAINITE IN STEEL 40CrMnSiMoVA

The microstructure,strength,toughness and fatigue properties of an ultra-high strength steel40CrMnSiMoVA have been investigated.The so-called meta-bainite,composed of thin re-tained austenite films within or between the bainitic ferrite lathes was found in the steel afterisothermally quenched at 300℃ for 1h.In comparison with the martensite structure obtainedby isothermally quenching in martensite range,the meta-bainite has more excellent strengthand plasticity,lower notch sensitivity,stronger strain harden ability,higher fatigue strength,longer strain or impact fatigue life,slower crack propagation rate and more remarkableoverload effect on increasing fatigue life.     

GCr15轴承钢接触疲劳次表面裂纹的跟踪观察SCIEI

本文在对轴承钢接触疲劳剥落过程进行连续追踪观测的基础上,推导了次表面裂纹扩展的估算公式。理论分析和试验结果表明,接触疲劳寿命与次表面裂纹扩展角之间存在着明显的对应关系。并对残余压应力和残余奥氏体可以提高接触疲劳寿命的原因提出了新的解释。     

CORROSION FATIGUE BEHAVIOR OF STAINLESS STEEL 3RE60 IN 3.5% SODIUM CHLORIDE SOLUTION

The corrosion fatigue behavior of stainless steel 3RE60 in 3.5%NaCl solution was studied at different cyclic stress levels. The results showed that both intergranular corrosion cracking and transgranular corrosion cracking initiated at the bottom of pits. The corrosion fatigue behavior of 3RE60 may be related to complex electrochemical and mechanical coupling effects between the three phases (austenite, ferrite and martensite), where martensite and ferrite were anodic in the corrosion cell and could be prone to crack under certain conditions.     

MICROFRACTOGRAPHY OF NEAR-THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN DUAL-PHASE STEELS

SEM microfractography of near-threshold fatigue crack propagation were carried out in thedual-phase steels of 3 martensite morphologies and 6 volume fractions of martensite (V_m).All of them are featured by cyclic cleavage characteristics in near-threshold region,i.e.,main-ly controlled by mode Ⅱ stress.In the higher ΔK regions,the fracture surfaces are character-ized by mixed modes including cyclic cleavage facets,two types of secondary cracks andstriations,etc..The roughness-induced crack closure of fracture surface is attributedprimarily to extreme high fatigue crack growth threshold values.     

TRACKING OBSERVATION ON SUBSURFACE CRACK IN BEARING STEEL GCr15 UNDER ROLLING CONTACT

Based on the sequent tracking observation on spalling of steel GCr15 under rolling contact fa-tigue,an expression for estimating the propagation of subsurface cracks was derived.The rol-ling contact fatigue life was found to be markedly related to the subsurface crack propagationangle.A new explanation of reason why the rolling contact fatigue life can be prolonged byresidual compressive stress and retained austenite was advanced.     

一种等应力试样中的疲劳短裂纹行为

设计了一种三角形试样,当施加弯曲载荷时,该试样等腰三角形段内的表面拉应力为常数。采用振动试验机对所设计的试样进行疲劳试验,以研究一种焊接金属表面疲劳短裂纹萌生和发展特征。结果表明,疲劳短裂纹起源于铁素体晶内的滑移带。随疲劳周次增加,短裂纹发展以裂纹密度不断增加为主要特征。短裂纹的汇合造成裂纹发展且裂纹路径以穿晶为主。