120万吨/年催化裂化装置内外取热系统改造应用

永坪炼油厂120×10~4t/a催化裂化装置采用石油化工科学研究院(RIPP)的MIP技术,两器为同轴式沉降再生器,主风分配采用主风分布管形式,外取热器采用LPEC的气控式外循环取热器。本次内、外取热系统优化改造主要解决了外取热器长周期运行、蒸汽品质不合格问题及除氧器除氧效果的问题。     

催化裂化汽提器在国内外研究进展

汽提器是催化裂化装置的一个重要组成部分,整个催化裂化装置的稳定性和经济效益是由催化裂化汽提性能的优劣决定的,开发效率更高的汽提器是现在一项比较急迫的任务。本文简单的介绍的催化裂化汽提器以及催化剂和蒸汽在汽提器内的运动状况,综述了汽提器的发展,对环形挡板汽提器、环流汽提器、填料汽提器进行的总结。     

蜡油催化裂化装置节能技术改造

在催化剂性质不变的前提下,对1000 t/a蜡油催化装置进行了外取热器本体、取热形式、余热炉蒸发段、分馏塔塔底油浆蒸汽发生器和解吸塔底热源改造,同时对原料油、油浆喷嘴进行了更换。改造后,提高了装置处理量、掺渣比;增加了油浆蒸汽发生器、外取热器、余热锅炉产汽量;实现了烟机持续发电;停止用蒸汽作为解吸塔热源。CS进料喷嘴的使用和剂油比的增加有利于产品分布,提高了目的产品的选择性和装置运行的经济效益。     

关于催化裂化装置节能降耗技术的改造

本文主要介绍了永坪炼油厂催化裂化装置的节能降耗技术方面的改造措旋,改造措施主要包括:对催化裂化分馏、吸收稳定系统流程进行改造,对反应提升管MIP工艺的改造及外取热器改造,对于主风机和烟气轮机进行机组检修改造,部分机泵电机增加变频设施,蒸汽凝结水回用等等,这些节能降耗改造项目在装置日常生产中发挥了节能降耗的作用.在进行技...     

120万吨/年催化裂化装置内外取热系统优化改造技术总结

永坪炼油厂120万吨/年催化裂化装置长期存在外取热器取热负荷较低,催化剂流化效果差,再生器床温和烟机入口温度持续较高,造成加工量严重受限,剂油比调节受限,产品分布较差,油浆产率较高,且中压蒸汽产量较低,水蒸汽品质差等一系列不良反应。在2017年利用装置检修,对120万吨/年催化裂化装置内外取热系统进行了改造,取得了良好的效果。     

炼油厂120万吨催化裂化外取热器制作安装及操作

外取热器是炼油装置的重点设备之一。它是确保催化裂化装置平稳操作、安全运行的关键设备,同时也是一重要的节能设施。外取热器有两种取热方式:两相流的蒸发取热和单相流过热取热方式。一般工业中蒸发取热的常见做法主要是在蛇管或直管内部引流饱和水,而单相流过热取热方式则通过引流饱和蒸汽。外取热器的加工,尤其是取热器材料的选择和结构的设计,需要综合管道取热方式、引流介质和其他加工标准才能达到相关安全标准。外取热器制作安装主要以焊接工艺为主。     

烟气过剩氧体积分数对催化裂化装置能耗的影响

以某套加工能力为3.5 Mt/a的催化裂化装置为例,结合能量平衡计算,分析烟气过剩氧体积分数对催化裂化装置能耗的影响。结果表明,随着烟气过剩氧体积分数的增加,外取热器产汽量下降、机组受电量增加、余热锅炉回收烟气热量增加,装置能耗增加。因此,从节能降耗的角度出发,在保证装置安全平稳运行的前提下,应尽可能降低烟气中过剩氧的体积分数。     

气控式外循环管型外取热器在重油催化裂化装置上的应用

笔者讨论了洛阳石化工程公司设计的小型同轴催化裂化装置Φ８００气控式外循环管型外取热器在盐城市石油液化气厂重油催化裂化装置上的工业试验，结果表明该型式外取热器有着广泛的工业应用前景。     

催化裂化装置再生器放空蒸汽回收再利用

介绍了某催化裂化装置催化剂再生-烧焦过程中换热系统运行情况,分析了原换热网络存在的问题。装置采用减压渣油作为主原料,由于原料的残炭值很高,放出的热量远远大于催化裂化反应所需的热量,因此采取内、外取热相结合的换热网络对再生系统的催化剂进行冷却。原设计采用减温减压器作为回收放空蒸汽的主要设备,实际运行中故障率高,影响设备的整体运行效果。对采用螺杆膨胀发电技术回收放空蒸汽进行了可行性分析,提出了2种改造方案并进行了技术经济比较。结果表明:采用螺杆膨胀机回收催化装置再生器内取热器放空过热蒸汽是一项有效的节能减排技术,值得在炼油厂低温余热回收中推广应用。     

100Mt/a催化裂化装置外取热器计算及设计

外取热器是催化裂化装置中保持反应器、再生器热平衡的主要设备。通过工艺计算确定了外取热器直径、取热管面积,并对其结构进行设计和材料选取。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。