Road Construction and River Pollution in South-West Scotland

During the period 1993–95, four engineering companies were involved in six separate projects entailing the construction of a motorway to replace the existing A74 Glasgow – Carlisle trunk road. The construction contracts were undertaken in a rural part of south-west Scotland. This paper describes (i) the events which led to the serious pollution of rivers, (ii) the prosecution of offenders, and (iii) measures which have been taken to ensure that future road-construction projects in Scotland do not impact upon the aquatic environment.     

Mercury pollution in an estuarine region and its effect on a coastal population

Studies were conducted on sediments and organisms from two estuarine regions, viz. Thana Creek and Ulhas Estuary, for Hg pollution. Higher concentration of Hg were recorded in surface sediments at stations situated nearby the effluents discharge points of major industries. Levels of Hg in sediments decreased from head to mouth region. Hg concentration in organisms was found to be highest in benthic filter feeders and detritus feeders. The concentration ratio of Hg in organisms was observed to be very high in prawn, fish, crab and bivalves. The blood Hg level in people in the region showed a strong dependence on quantitative consumption of fish by the individuals. The study revealed a 3 to 4‐fold increase in blood Hg content of fish eaters over non‐fish eaters.     

美国饮用水源突发污染事件应急管理及其借鉴

介绍了美国饮用水源突发污染事件应急管理的法律依据和机构设置、美国国家环保局饮用水源突发污染事件应急预案编制导则及俄亥俄州饮用水源突发污染事件应急管理的具体应急预案，总结了美国饮用水源突发污染事件应急管理在法律体系、机构设置、信息技术应用、多部门参与、专业研究、资金保障6个方面的成功做法和经验，可为我国同类饮用水源应急管理提供参考。     

集中空调通风系统污染对其能耗的影响分析

我国集中空调通风系统存在较为严重的积尘污染,然而鲜有研究涉及其对空调系统能耗的影响.本文定量分析了积尘污染对系统中换热器换热性能及阻力和风管阻力的影响.基于CFD的模拟结果显示,随着积尘厚度的增加,换热器的换热性能明显降低,同时阻力显著增加;换热器积尘后,克服其阻力的风机能耗会增加约41%;风管积尘后,克服其阻力的风机能耗会增加约270%.因此,应进一步加强集中空调通风系统的污染治理,以降低空调系统的能耗.     

Deterioration of a Tunisian coastal aquifer due to agricultural activities and possible approaches for better water management

The purpose of this study is to provide a better understanding of the impact of agricultural activities on groundwater quality in a semi‐arid coastal environment (Korba, Tunisia). Impacts have been assessed through groundwater samples that were analysed for a range of chemical and biological parameters. Results indicate that groundwater overexploitation for irrigation and fertiliser use have affected the quality of the groundwater not only by direct contamination but also seawater intrusion. The implementation of appropriate regulatory and economic instruments to foster sustainable practices in the agricultural sector have been analysed within the framework of the EC (European Community) FP6 (funding program 6) INECO (Institutional and Economic Instruments for Sustainable Water Management in the Mediterranean Region) Project. Through stakeholder involvement processes, the project analysed issues relating to the regulation and control of groundwater abstractions, the promotion of wastewater reuse, efficiency improvements in irrigation water use, as well as instruments to strengthen the socioeconomic and institutional environment towards better managing and conserving available groundwater resources.     

当归对血虚便秘模型小鼠的治疗作用及机制研究

目的观察当归水煎液对血虚便秘小鼠的治疗作用,并初步探讨其作用机制。方法将小鼠随机分为正常对照组,模型对照组,阳性对照组,当归水煎液高、低剂量组5组,以放血联合灌胃洛哌丁胺建立小鼠血虚便秘模型,阳性对照组灌胃润肠丸混悬液(0.75 g/kg),当归水煎液高、低剂量组灌胃当归水煎液(生药剂量分别为4.00,1.00 g/kg),正常对照组、模型对照组灌胃等体积蒸馏水,1次/d,连续2周。末次灌胃后眼眶采血,测定红细胞计数(RBC)和血红蛋白(HGB);处死小鼠,摘取肠管测定小鼠小肠推进率,摘取脾脏计算脾脏指数。结果与模型对照组比较,当归水煎液高、低剂量组外周血RBC和HGB显著升高,脾脏指数显著降低,同时小肠推进功能明显改善,组间比较差异有高度统计意义(P<0.01)。结论当归水煎液能明显改善血虚便秘模型小鼠的血虚证候,促进肠道蠕动。     

基于城市空间规划设计视角的颗粒物空气污染控制策略研究综述

颗粒物空气污染是世界各国在快速城镇化过程中共同面临的严峻挑战。借助CNKI和Web of science,通过文献查阅整理城市空间在颗粒物污染方面的研究,系统性地总结该研究领域的整体特征与调节颗粒物污染的城市空间规划设计策略。结果显示:1)该研究属于一个新兴而前沿的学术领域,近年来呈持续上升趋势,相关文献主要来自中国、美国、英国与德国;2)绿色空间通过城市尺度的风道网络、绿地系统规划,街区尺度的公园绿地、湖泊湿地、道路绿带、城市森林对颗粒物污染产生消减作用;3)灰色空间通过城市尺度的城市形态优化、土地利用布局、街区尺度的街谷空间改造降低颗粒物污染;4)遥感反演与数值模拟技术(WRF、CFD)为规划设计策略提供技术支撑。最后对已有研究成果进行总结,并提出研究展望。     

毛巾对室内火灾烟气的防护效果及机理

摘 要：为研究不同毛巾对室内火灾烟气的防护过滤效果及防护机理,自行设计并搭建了热分解产烟防护测试平台,选取室内装修装饰用量较多的PVC材料作为产烟材料,选用市面上常见的纯棉、纱布和超细纤维3种材质毛巾,分别研究了干湿两种状态下,不同毛巾对PVC火灾烟气的防护过滤效果,并结合烟气过滤前后毛巾表面形貌,分析了干湿毛巾对室内火灾烟气的防护过滤机理。结果表明：3种毛巾对PVC材料火灾烟气均具有一定的防护过滤效果;无论是干态还是湿态下,3种毛巾对烟气防护过滤效果的优劣程度排序均为纯棉毛巾＞纱布毛巾＞超细纤维毛巾;湿毛巾对CO、NOx、HCl气体的防护过滤效果好于干毛巾;湿毛巾较于干毛巾对CO气体和HCl气体的防护过滤效果得到极大提升,对HCl气体的防护过滤效果提升了近1倍。