小型化大面阵非制冷红外连续变焦光学系统设计

作为未来红外探测器的主流发展方向之一,大面阵红外探测器近年来的发展非常迅速。它的主要用途是在天体物理学、地球科学和行星科学等领域,并且是未来用于地球天气、气候描述以及空气污染检测的一个主要工具。随着面阵规格和材料尺寸的增加,器件的制作难度也越来越高。重点介绍了目前国际上最常见的制冷型红外探测器——HgCdTe红外探测器和InSb红外探测器。结合国内外的一些文献,总结了两类探测器的大面阵技术发展状态,并且重点介绍了当前世界上红外探测研究处于领先地位的主要公司的产品及技术水平。最后指出了大面阵红外探测器目前存在的主要问题。     

锑基Ⅱ类超晶格红外探测器——第三代红外探测器的最佳选择

以多色、大面阵、高性能、低成本为特征的第三代红外探测器是当前红外探测器的发展方向及目标.InAs/GaInSb Ⅱ类超晶格探测器因为独特的断代能带结构以及自身存在的材料和器件优势,在大面阵长波红外探测器、高温中波红外探测器、中波双色探测器以及甚长波红外探测器领域显示出优异的器件性能和技术成熟性,成为第三代红外探测器技术...     

制冷焦平面探测器组件冷平台材料研究进展

红外焦平面探测器在航空、航天、军事等多个领域具有广泛应用。我国亟需发展大面阵、轻量化和高可靠性的红外焦平面探测器及其杜瓦组件。介绍了国内外红外探测器组件的冷平台材料选用情况,包括Fe-Ni膨胀合金、低膨胀高导热合金和新型陶瓷等。总结了红外焦平面探测器热失配应力的来源以及减小热失配应力的解决方案。最后给出了红外探测器研制过程中的冷平台材料选取建议以及在红外焦平面探测器组件发展趋势下需要重点研究的相关技术。     

国外量子阱红外焦平面探测器的发展概况

以GaAs／A1GaAs为代表的Ⅲ-Ⅴ量子阱红外焦平面探测器因其成熟的材料生长和器件工艺技术,一直是与传统的HgCdTe红外探测器并驾齐驱的红外探测器。近十年来随着对器件结构、机理及器件工艺的不断改进,大面阵Ⅲ-Ⅴ量子阱红外焦平面器件发展显著。本文介绍了量子阱红外焦平面探测器的优越性及存在的问题,当前欧美国家量子阱红外焦平面探测器的最新研究发展、产品现状及应用前景。     

数字红外焦平面探测器（特邀）

相比传统的模拟红外焦平面探测器,数字红外焦平面探测器具有很多技术优势,是红外焦平面探测器技术的重要发展方向。首先,介绍了数字红外焦平面探测器国内外的研发现状,从信号处理以及应用的角度分析了模拟红外焦平面探测器与数字红外焦平面探测器的区别与特点;然后,又详细介绍了列级ADC数字读出集成电路以及数字像元读出集成电路的架构及具体电路模块,分析了数字读出集成电路的各模块电路及与性能的关系,并展望了数字读出集成电路的技术发展趋势。随着红外焦平面探测器向大面阵、小像元及高性能发展,对数字读出集成电路也提出更高的技术要求。通过读出集成电路架构以及模块电路的技术提升,列级ADC数字读出集成电路将普遍应用于大面阵、小像元红外焦平面探测器,而数字像元读出集成电路将普遍应用于长波红外焦平面探测器。     

大尺寸碲镉汞材料研究现状与趋势

随着大面阵红外探测器技术研究越来越深入,大尺寸红外探测器材料技术成为制约红外探测器技术发展的重要环节。本文介绍了Sofradir公司、Teledyne公司、Raytheon公司、AIM公司红外探测器材料研究的现状,从生长方式、衬底选择等方向分析大尺寸碲镉汞材料研究现状与趋势。     

II类超晶格红外探测器在遥感中的应用前景

红外探测器是空间红外遥感器的核心部件,随着空间红外遥感器的发展,对红外探测器也提出了更高要求,需要向双色或多色、均匀大面阵、低热耗、低暗电流、高量子效率、以及高可靠性等方向发展。本文从空间红外遥感器对红外探测器的需求分析、II类超晶格红外探测器的原理及优点、II类超晶格红外探测器国内外研制现状、II类超晶格红外探测器在空间红外遥感器中的应用展望等四个方面,重点介绍了II类超晶格红外探测器针对空间红外遥感应用中的优势,分析了II类超晶格红外探测器在空间红外遥感应用中需要攻克的难点,最后,介绍了II类超晶格红外探测器在空间红外遥感器中的应用前景。     

大面阵碲镉汞芯片的热应力分析与优化

随着红外焦平面探测器面阵规模的不断扩大,大面阵碲镉汞芯片的热应力进一步恶化,受温度冲击后更容易产生损伤,进而直接影响探测器的使用,甚至导致探测器失效.这已成为大面阵探测器生产工艺亟需解决的问题.借助仿真手段研究了大面阵碲镉汞芯片的低温损伤原因,并结合小面阵探测器进行了对比分析.结果 表明,铟柱与碲镉汞接触边缘部位因应力...     

超大面阵碲镉汞探测器低应力设计及有限元分析

随着碲镉汞材料和器件技术的不断发展,满足大视场、超高分辨率应用需求的超大阵列规模的红外探测器逐步投入工程应用,超大面阵探测器芯片的低温可靠性成为封装技术的重点研究内容。以某超大面阵碲镉汞混成芯片为研究对象,采用有限元仿真分析法研究了冷头材料体系、冷台外径、冷台的结构形式等因素对混成芯片低温应力和芯片光敏面低温变形的影响规律,最终优化设计出一套可满足超大面阵芯片低温可靠性要求的冷头结构和材料体系。仿真结果显示,该冷头体系硅电路低温下最大应力约为70 MPa,碲镉汞光敏区在低温下的变形约为30■m。仿真结果能满足工程应用可靠性要求的经验仿真阈值,有效改进了超大面阵红外探测器的高可靠小型化封装技术。     

大面阵红外图像高速传输系统设计

探讨了一种大面阵红外图像高速传输系统的原理、结构及其实现。针对红外成像系统的要求,提出了一种基于FPGA的大面阵红外图像高速传输方法,并利用光纤传输技术与aurora协议来实现。该方案不仅实现了大面阵红外图像的高速传输,而且实现了高速、可靠的指令通信。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks