基于全局优化改进混沌粒子群遗传算法的物料平衡数据校正

结合遗传算法（GA）和粒子群算法（PSO）的优点以及混沌运动的特性,提出了加入混沌扰动的混沌粒子群遗传算法（DCPSO-GA）,并使用5个高维非线性测试函数考察全局优化混合算法的性能。DCPSO-GA解决了在寻优搜索时出现的停滞现象,扩大了全局优化的搜索空间,丰富了粒子的多样性,且不需要函数梯度信息。测试结果证明,针对本文的5个测试函数DCPSO-GA能找到全局最优解,其收敛速度很快,大大减少了计算量。而且,经过与其他相关算法比较可知,当总的目标函数调用次数较接近或更少时,改进算法不论在计算精度还是收敛速度上,均有很大的提高。并将DCPSO-GA算法应用到重油裂解参数估计和预测中,测试结果证明,其提高了参数估计和预测的准确性,降低了误差,能有效找到全局最优解,收敛速度快,大大减少计算量。     

混沌遗传算法估计反应动力学参数

为了准确地估计反应动力学参数 ,提出一种混沌遗传算法 (chaosgeneticalgorithm ,CGA) ,它基于混沌变量的遗传操作 ,将使子代个体均匀地分布于定义空间 ,从而可避免早熟 ,以较大的概率实现全局最优搜索 .与传统的遗传算法相比较 ,CGA的在线和离线性能都有较大的改进 .将CGA应用于 2 -氯苯酚在超临界水中氧化反应动力学参数的估算 ,获得了满意的结果     

混沌粒子群算法及其在生化过程动态优化中的应用

化工过程的动态优化,大多较为复杂,有相当的难度.新近发展的粒子群优化算法,基于群智能机理,适于求解连续问题,但它不具备遍历特性,影响了全局搜索能力.本文拟引入混沌机制,以混沌变量的遍历性改进粒子群算法,使其更全面地获取目标函数的有用信息,并反映到逐代更新的个体极值和群体极值中,可更有效地带领粒子群移向最优解,提高了全局搜优效率.由此构建为混沌粒子群算法,经多个性能测试,表明其搜索能力优于经典粒子群算法,引入混沌机制是有效的.将其用于Park-Ramirez生物反应器补料流率的动态优化,也取得了满意的效果.     

使用博弈差分算法的电站锅炉高效低污染燃烧均衡优化

提高电站锅炉热效率,降低NO_x等污染物的排放量是电站节能减排必须解决的问题。经过采用经量子遗传算法(QGA)优化参数后的最小二乘支持向量机(LSSVM-QGA)建立燃烧优化模型,预测的锅炉热效率和NO_x排放量的平均相对误差分别达到了0.054%和1.229%,其预测精度及泛化能力均较优,有更强的适用性能。在此模型基础上,提出一种采用自适应缩放因子与交叉因子和共享函数机制的差分进化算法(DE),通过其演化博弈论中的NASH均衡,实现锅炉燃烧的多目标优化,结果表明,基于NASH均衡的优化方法可以得到操作变量的最优解集,能够更好地改善运行工况,最终可以实现削峰填谷,使电站锅炉保持一个稳定均衡的燃烧状态。     

应用经遗传算法优化的BP神经网络预测催化裂化装置焦炭产率

焦炭是催化裂化装置的主要副产物,准确预测催化裂化焦炭产率对提高装置的操作平稳度和经济效益具有重要意义。人工神经网络(ANN)具有强大的自学习和自适应能力,在非线性预测方面具有明显的优势。本研究将遗传算法(GA)与BP神经网络相结合,基于某炼厂催化裂化装置的生产数据,分别从原料、催化剂和操作条件3个方面选取28个关键影响参数建立了催化裂化焦炭产率预测模型,分别将BP神经网络和经遗传算法优化的BP神经网络(GA-BP)的预测结果与工业数据进行对比。结果表明,经遗传算法优化的预测模型无论在预测结果的准确性还是稳定性方面效果更好。最后,本研究还通过考察原料残炭、反应温度等单一关键参数对焦炭产率的影响,进一步证明了经遗传算法优化的BP神经网络预测模型的准确性。     

变尺度混沌遗传算法及其在冷扎参数化中的应用

针对标准遗传算法存在的收敛速度慢，易陷入局部极小等问题，提出智能化新方法，基于变尺度混沌优化策略的混沌遗传算法，对经过一次遗传操作的群体进行混沌搜索寻伏，引导种群快速进化，并将其成为应用于冷轧参数的优化计算中。     

模糊PFC及应用研究

温度控制系统的传递函数不是固定不变的,常规控制方法很难满足控制要求。预测函数控制属于预测控制的一种,当模型参数与实际系统参数相差较大时,控制效果将受到影响。根据影响系统参数的主要因素,离线辨识出系统传递函数,结合模糊控制理论,提出模糊PFC控制理论,实时地调整预测模型,提高预测函数控制的自适应能力。     

基于遗传算法变量选择的子空间辨识方法研究

针对污水处理过程中重要水质参数BOD_5(5天生化需氧量)和COD(化学需氧量)的难以实时在线测量问题,提出了基于遗传算法变量选择的子空间辨识软测量建模方法。先利用遗传算法选出与目标变量密切相关的辅助变量,再结合子空间算法建立目标函数的预测模型。基于加州大学的UCI数据库进行仿真实验,结果表明,结合变量选择后的模型比仅使用子空间建模的模型,其预测精度得到了提高,进一步验证了文中方法的有效性。     

基于结构风险最小化原则的径向基函数网络

通过分析径向基函数网络与支持向量机之间的关系,将结构风险最小化原则应用于径向基函数网络学习中,与传统的基于经验风险最小化原则的径向基函数网络相比,它充分保证了模型的泛化能力,能够弥补学习方法本身的缺陷.最后,将该算法应用于非线性时间序列预测,并与传统的径向基函数网络预测结果进行了比较,实验结果表明本算法提高了径向基函数网络的泛化能力.     

用BP神经网络和遗传算法优化电沉积Cu-W的工艺参数

用神经网络和遗传算法(BP-GA)优化电沉积Cu-W的工艺参数。结果显示:BP-GA预测结果与试验结果较接近,相对误差为9.05%,说明BP-GA优化电沉积工艺参数有较高的预测能力和准确度。     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.