猕猴桃-芦荟酸奶的研制

以猕猴桃汁、芦荟汁、鲜牛乳为主要原料,通过乳酸菌发酵,制得保健饮品发酵猕猴桃-芦荟酸奶。通过正交法确定了发酵工艺参数,筛选出优化组合。实验结果表明,鲜牛奶中加入10%猕猴桃汁、7%芦荟汁、8%白砂糖,3%发酵剂,41℃条件下发酵4h,制得的发酵奶色香味甚佳。     

双蛋白奶的研制及理化指标检测

以燕麦粉和鲜牛乳为主要原料,7%的木糖醇为甜味剂,研制了一种保健型酸奶-凝固型燕麦发酵酸奶。以产品感官质量和稳定性为评价指标,应用正交试验设计,确定了合理的配方和适宜发酵的工艺。结果表明：燕麦酸奶主要原料的最佳配方为：燕麦添加量1.5%、发酵剂接种量5%、发酵温度42℃、发酵时间4h。     

凝固型北冬虫夏草酸奶的研制

以鲜牛乳为主要原料,添加北冬虫夏草液体发酵混合液及蔗糖等辅料,经保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌混合液接种发酵,生产出凝固型酸奶。着重对北冬虫夏草发酵混合液的添加量、蔗糖的添加量、稳定剂的选择、发酵条件优化,以及发酵终点的确定进行了研究。结果表明,当蔗糖的添加量为8%、保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以1∶1的比例混合接种量为3%时,北冬虫夏草酸奶生产的最佳配方及发酵条件是：牛乳70%、北冬虫夏草发酵液30%、琼脂0.3%、发酵温度40℃、时间3.5h左右,可获凝固性良好、酸甜适口,并具有浓郁香味的北冬虫夏草酸奶。     

无花果风味酸奶的研制

本文以牛乳为主要原料,无花果为辅料,制作无花果风味的凝固型酸奶。以感官评分为评价指标,通过无花果汁添加量、蔗糖添加量、发酵剂接种量和发酵时间4个单因素实验和响应面分析确定最佳工艺。结果表明,8%无花果汁添加量、5%蔗糖添加量、0.03%发酵接种量、4 h发酵时间条件下生产的无花果风味酸奶质地细腻,酸甜可口,具有清新甜香的无花果香味,感官评定评分最高,可达到89.8分。     

玫瑰酸奶的研制

以奶粉为主要原料,添加玫瑰花茶,在单因素基础上进行正交试验,通过感官评定确定玫瑰酸奶的最佳工艺配方。结果表明,影响玫瑰酸奶品质的因素依次为玫瑰花茶添加量、发酵时间、酸奶添加量和白糖添加量。最佳工艺配方:奶粉添加量为10%、白糖添加量为5%、酸奶添加量为5%、玫瑰花茶添加量为1.5%;在40℃条件下发酵4 h后于4℃冰箱冷藏24 h,此条件下制得的玫瑰酸奶品质良好。     

凝固型李子酸奶发酵条件优化

以鲜牛乳和李子鲜果为主要原料,保加利亚乳杆菌（Lactobacillus bulgaricus）1028和嗜热链球菌（Streptococcus thermophilus）6032作为混合发酵剂,发酵制备凝固型李子酸奶。以酸度和感官评分为评价指标,在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定凝固型李子酸奶的最佳发酵条件,并对其理化指标及微生物指标进行检测分析。结果表明,凝固型李子酸奶的最优发酵条件为李子浆添加量40%,蔗糖添加量10%,发酵剂接种量4%,发酵温度42 ℃,发酵时间6 h。在此最优发酵条件下制得的凝固型李子酸奶酸度为85.4 °T,感官评分为94分,质地细腻、酸甜可口,同时具备李子和酸奶的风味,其理化指标及微生物指标均符合相关国标要求。     

构树果酸奶的生产工艺研究

文中研究了构树果酸奶及其生产方法.以鲜牛乳和构树果果浆为主要原料,经正交试验法优化发酵工艺参数,结果表明,构树果果浆的添加量5%,加糖量7%,接种量4%,发酵时间6h,发酵温度41℃时,即可得到品质优良的构树果酸奶.     

凝固型紫菜酸奶的研制

研究目的在于探索具有营养保健功能的凝固型紫菜酸奶的加工工艺和配方,以紫菜、牛乳为主要原料,添加乳酸菌及白砂糖,设计单因素和正交试验。紫菜经过酶解脱腥后得到酶解液,再经复配、发酵等技术,通过感官评定、理化指标测定等方法确定最佳工艺参数。结果表明,凝固型紫菜酸奶的最佳配方为:紫菜酶解液添加量5%,菌种添加量0.25%,白砂糖添加量10%;最佳工艺参数为,发酵时间4 h,发酵温度45℃,冷藏温度4℃,冷藏时间12 h~24 h。     

绿豆酸奶的研制

以绿豆浆、超微绿豆粉和鲜牛乳为原料,采用单因素及正交试验研究凝固型绿豆酸奶的制备方法。结果表明,植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）可用于绿豆酸奶的发酵,最佳制备工艺为添加绿豆浆30%、超微绿豆粉6%、白砂糖8%、稳定剂0.10%,接种常规酸奶发酵剂4.0%、接种植物乳杆菌发酵剂1.5%,40 ℃发酵5 h。此优化条件下,发酵制成的绿豆酸奶风味独特、口感良好,感官评分为28.2分。     

超微绿茶粉木糖醇酸奶的加工工艺研究

以绿茶粉、鲜牛乳为主要原料,以木糖醇代替蔗糖为甜味剂,以保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1∶1）为发酵剂,对超微绿茶粉木糖醇酸奶的制备工艺进行初步研究。以感官评分为评价指标,通过单因素试验、正交试验确定了产品的最佳工艺条件为绿茶粉添加量0.30%,木糖醇添加量7%,发酵剂接种量3%,发酵温度44 ℃,发酵时间6 h。通过该工艺制备的酸奶感官评分为91.3分,酸甜适口,组织状态均匀,口感细腻醇厚。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the