制粉工艺对小麦粉粉质特性和糊化特性的影响

使用快速粘度分析仪(RVA)测定了采用脱皮制粉工艺和传统制粉工艺生产得到的小麦粉的糊化特性,并通过测定小麦粉的损伤淀粉含量等,考察了两种工艺条件下,小麦粉糊化特性和粉质特性间的关系。结果显示,脱皮工艺小麦粉的损伤淀粉含量减少,淀粉平均粒度大,而α-淀粉酶含量减少。制粉工艺对中筋的南阳白麦和高筋的8901特二粉的影响最为明显,脱皮工艺小麦粉的峰值粘度和最终粘度明显增加,而其他样品基本不变;同时,这两种样品的衰减度较大,而其他样品的衰减度则有所减小。脱皮制粉得到的所有样品的低谷粘度均高于采用传统工艺的同等小麦粉,但回生值较低。     

不同粉路小麦面粉糊化特性的研究

以小麦制粉不同粉路面粉样品为研究对象，通过测定样品的糊化参数，经比较、分析和研究，发现不同粉路面粉的糊化特性存在显著差异，其食品加工适应性也各不相同。比较而言，皮磨粉、心磨粉、渣磨粉和重筛粉质量较好，皮磨粉更适合于制作面包；心磨粉、渣磨粉和重筛粉比较适合于制作面务和馒头。吸风粉、尾磨粉和打麸粉相对品质较差。加工专用面粉应选取合适的粉路面粉进行合理搭配，才能满足食品制作对原料的要求。     

制粉系统中各粉样损伤淀粉含量和糊化特性的研究

通过制粉在线各系统取制粉样,这些粉样近似地代表小麦胚乳结构中不同部位的组成和性质,研究各粉样的损伤淀粉含量和糊化特性。研究结果表明:从1皮到4皮,1心到8心,随着研磨道数的增加,损伤淀粉含量呈线性增加趋势,线性相关系数R2分别为0.9373和0.7495;小麦胚乳结构中越接近皮层的部位糊化时的峰值黏度越低。另外,在皮磨系统和心磨系统中,损伤淀粉含量和峰值黏度都呈极显著的负相关,相关系数R2分别为0.916和0.729。     

淀粉糊化工艺的研究

运用Brabender糊化仪研究了玉米淀粉的糊化特性,比较了玉米淀粉和大米淀粉的糊化特性差异．结合玉米淀粉的糊化特性,研究了糊化料水比、耐高温仅一淀粉酶添加量、耐高温α-淀粉酶的品种等因素对玉米淀粉糊化、液化效果的影响。根据玉米淀粉的糊化性质,优化确定了玉米淀粉的糊化工艺,在大生产中进行了验证和对比。     

浅谈制粉工艺过程中影响粒度分级的因素

在制粉工艺中测定物料粒度的最为直观的方法就是利用具有一定孔径尺寸的系列筛绢 ,对一定数量物料进行适度筛理 ,得到部分颗粒大小分布比较均匀的筛下物 ,我们将这一限制性的筛绢平均孔径尺寸 ,简称为该部分过筛物料的粒度。在以筛分原理为基础的制粉工艺中 ,粒度是我们应当掌握的核心控制部分 ,同时也是我们进行工艺设计的理论基础。在实际生产过程中 ,我们对工艺流程中各阶段物料粒度分级状况的掌握程度 ,将直接影响到最终产品质量与数量 ,因此对实际生产具有一定的指导意义。我们对制粉工艺中成品的最终感官评价 ,主要基于以下的原理 ,即…     

双螺杆挤压对沙米复合粉理化及糊化特性的影响

对沙米复合粉进行双螺杆挤压处理,全面探讨了不同挤压条件对仪器性能及产品特性的影响,为挤压膨化生产营养早餐粉及沙米的综合利用提供参考。结果显示:扭矩利用率和模头压力随螺杆转速、挤压温度、α-淀粉酶添加量增大而减少,随喂料速度增大有增大的趋势。加酶预处理使挤压复合粉的膨胀率和水溶性指数升高,吸水性指数略有下降,单位机械能显著低于未加酶样品。挤压后沙米复合粉颜色明显变暗,黏度值显著下降。综合考虑挤压机系统参数、膨化产品特性及挤压沙米复合粉的理化及糊化特性,选择螺杆转速为130 r/min、挤压温度为130℃、喂料速度为16 r/min、α-淀粉酶添加量为0.5%作为生产沙米复合营养早餐粉的较适宜加工条件。     

米糠膳食纤维与食盐对面粉粉质及糊化特性的影响

为了给研发高品质米糠膳食纤维面制品提供理论依据,本文用微型粉质仪和快速粘度分析仪研究了米糠膳食纤维与食盐各自及共同对面粉粉质及糊化特性的影响规律。研究结果表明:添加米糠膳食纤维使面团弱化度最高增大48%,使面粉糊化温度最大增高26%,使面粉糊化的峰值粘度最高下降23%、最终粘度最高下降21%、衰减值最高减少13%、回生值最高减少8%;添加食盐使面团的形成时间最高延长79%、稳定时间最高延长277%、弱化度最高减少52%,使面粉糊化的衰减值最高增大12%、回生值最高减少12%;添加2%食盐使米糠膳食纤维对面团弱化度的增大作用降低为0,对面粉糊化温度的最大提高作用小于2.5%,对面粉糊化峰值粘度的下降作用减少5%,对面粉糊化回生值的减小作用提高到12%。      

豆粉对小麦粉粉质特性和糊化特性的影响

将豆粉和小麦粉按不同比例混合,采用Mixolab混合实验仪和快速黏度分析仪分析不同豆粉对小麦粉粉质及糊化特性的影响。结果表明:随着豆粉添加量的增加,面团的稳定时间和形成时间减少,面团蛋白弱化度增大,峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、回生值不断减小;C2值、峰值黏度、低谷黏度、最终黏度、糊化温度和糊化时间与5种豆粉添加量显著负相关(P<0.05)。其中,绿豆粉对小麦粉的粉质特性影响较大,黄豆粉和黑豆粉对小麦粉的糊化特性影响较大。     

制粉工艺中不同出粉点的面粉反色特性分析

介绍一种简要测定面粉反色的方法，并用此方法对制粉工艺不同出粉点进行测定分析,从而找出合适的、反色程度轻的出粉点来生产面条、饺子专用粉，提高面粉的质量和附加值。结论：小麦多酚氧化酶（PPO）活性是引起面条和面团储存期间颜色褐变的主要因素，而多酚氧化酶活力从前路到后路,从小麦心部到皮层呈上升趋势。因此在生产速冻水饺粉或面条粉时，建议使用制粉系统中心磨部分的面粉,     

小麦淀粉生产过程工艺因素对淀粉糊化特性的影响

研究小麦淀粉生产工艺因素中乳酸、焦亚硫酸钠、α-淀粉酶以及提取工艺对淀粉糊化特性的影响。结果表明,小麦淀粉中乳酸含量达到69.2 mg/kg,峰值黏度、回生值分别降低了42.1%和100%。焦亚硫酸钠对小麦淀粉糊化特性的影响和添加乳酸相似,含量达到3.3 mg/kg时,峰值黏度、回生值分别下降了18.0%和18.9%。小麦淀粉中α-淀粉酶活性达到123.1 U/100mL时,峰值黏度、回生值分别降低了45.7%和97.0%。提取工艺中旋流法和卧螺法对小麦淀粉糊化特性影响差异不明显,但马丁法小麦淀粉谷值黏度、最终黏度明显低于旋流法和卧螺法淀粉。通过对小麦淀粉生产工艺中各因素研究表明,减少杂菌感染产酸,适量添加焦亚硫酸钠以及尽量避免使用α-淀粉酶活性高的新小麦或发芽小麦制粉,有利于解决小麦淀粉在应用中出现的粘连、凝胶强度不够等问题。     

EFFECT OF SUGAR AND GUMS ON THE PASTING PROPERTIES OF CASSAVA STARCH

Pasting properties of cassava starch solutions were prepared with different types of sugars (glucose, sucrose and fructose) at different levels as 10.71, 19.35, 32.43% and gums (gum acacia, guar gum and gum tragacanth) at 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4% levels, respectively, were analyzed using the Rapid Visco Analyzer. The pasting temperature increased with increase in the sugar concentration in cassava starch–water system and the maximum 78.27C at 32.43% sucrose solution. The peak viscosity (PV) and breakdown viscosity (BD) decreased with increase in the sugar concentration. Hot paste viscosity and cold paste viscosity decreased progressively with increase in sugar concentration in fructose and glucose solution. The PV and BD increased with increase in guar gum concentration and was maximum 5,704 and 3,773 mPa·s at 0.4% concentration, respectively.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Cassava starch performs most of the functions where maize, rice and wheat starch are currently used. In food industry, cassava starch is used in extruded snacks for improved expansion, as a thickener in foods, in processed baby foods as a filler material and bonding agent in biscuit and confectionary, textile, pharmaceutical, paper and cosmetic industries. Cassava starch can be converted to maltotriose, maltose, and glucose as well as to other modified sugars and organic acids. Starch from cassava can be used to make gelatin capsules. Starches and gums are often used together in food systems to provide texture, control moisture, water mobility, improve overall product quality and stability, reduce cost and facilitate processing. Cassava starch, due to its high swelling power, is reported to yield better quality instant noodles.     

小麦碾皮制粉面粉品质的测定与分析

用布勒实验磨对同一种小麦获取的碾皮麦和未碾皮麦分别制粉,并对两种面粉进行品质测定．实验表明：小麦碾皮制粉工艺制取的面粉品质优于传统制粉工艺制取的面粉．     

EFFECT OF STORAGE ON THE SAFETY AND QUALITY OF FUFU FLOUR

Studies were carried out on the physicochemical characteristics and the fungi involved in the spoilage of fufu flour under storage at different relative humidities in ambient temperature.The physicochemical characteristics showed an increase in moisture content, decrease in swelling power, water‐binding capacity and pH throughout the storage period. Fungi growths were noticed on the samples at different times. Relative humidity of 33% and 76% for 56 days and 48 days, respectively, had the minimum number of growth when compared to others. The fungi that were isolated from the fufu were Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus spp., Geotrichum candida and Candida spp. This study therefore showed that fufu flour will keep best when it is stored under the condition of 33% relative humidity at room temperature.     

雪花粉及其后路高筋粉的品质特性研究

以永良4号小麦的前路粉（雪花粉）和后路粉（高筋粉）为原料，通过拉伸仪、粉质仪、发酵仪、面筋仪等分析手段对前路粉和后路粉的流变特性、发酵特性、凝胶特性及成品品质特性、蛋白质组成、多酚氧化酶的活性等进行了研究，发现雪花粉具有高的蛋白质量，适当的麦谷／麦胶、直链淀粉／支链淀粉比例，表现出对不同食品的适应性。以及低的多酚氧化酶活性表现出来的稳定性，高筋粉具有高的蛋白含量和质量，较差的发酵特性。通过搭配国产优质小麦面粉，加入适当的改良剂，可以生产出高品质的面包粉，搭配面筋含量高的普通面粉，或小麦面粉可以生产出优质的油条专用粉。     

添加马铃薯全粉对面包品质的影响

在面包制作时添加不同浓度的马铃薯全粉,通过测定面包的比容,对面包的品质进行综合评分,研究了马铃薯全粉对面包品质的影响.实验结果表明,适量添加马铃薯全粉能改善面包品质,最佳添加量为15%.     

THE EFFECT OF HEAT AND SHEAR ON THE VISCOELASTIC PROPERTIES OF SOY FLOUR DOUGH

This paper is concerned with the effect of heat and shear on the rheological properties of defatted soy dispersions and doughs of 30 to 60% flour by weight. Capillary and rotary rheometers (Rheometrics Mechanical Spectrometer) were used to heat doughs up to 75° C and shear them simultaneously. In one series of experiments using a modified Instron capillary rheometer the doughs were heated to several different temperatures and then sheared. The linear viscoelastic properties of the dough which were determined by means of a plate-plate rheometer were then compared to the fresh dough and those of a heated but nonsheared dough. In another experiment a cone-and-plate rheometer was used to heat and shear the dough. The linear viscoelastic response of the dough was used to monitor any changes as it was heated and sheared. It was observed that only in the higher moisture dispersions (i.e., moisture contents greater than 50%) were there any signs of an increase in rheological properties which might be associated with “cooking”. It was concluded that cooking of soy flour doughs most likely does not involve the formation of a permanent network formed by covalent chemical bonds. Hence, in extrusion cooking processes involving soy flour doughs, it may not be necessary to treat the rheological properties of the dough as a thermosetting system.     

酶制剂对国产面粉烘培品质的影响

主要研究4种酶制剂对国产面粉烘焙品质的影响.研究结果:国产面粉通过添加酶,使其烘焙品质有了明显改善,制作的面包比容、弹性、黏聚性增加;硬度和咀嚼度降低,经改良的国产面粉能制作出高品质面包.