大庆地区太阳能地板辐射采暖研究与经济分析

设计了太阳能地板辐射采暖系统,给出了系统的工作原理。探讨了集热器单位面积有效利用能和集热器效率的计算方法。通过经济分析,得到大庆市某60 m2平顶民房安装太阳能地板辐射采暖的年计算费用为1 485元;安装散热器采暖年计算费用为1991元。经济分析结果表明,太阳能地板辐射采暖系统具有良好的经济效益。     

太阳能地板辐射采暖系统在连续运行时的系统特性研究

通过实验研究了在一定集热面积和采暖面积比前提下,太阳能地板辐射采暖系统在连续运行时的一些系统特性,主要包括系统的太阳能保证率、地板进出水温度、房间空气温度、地板换热量以及热舒适性指标,用TRNSYS软件对实验系统进行模拟,得出地板层构造对系统性能的影响规律以及服装热阻对热舒适性的影响规律.     

太阳能采暖系统的基本类型

在第一讲介绍太阳能供热采暖系统分类的基础上,本讲着重讨论其中最基本的液体集热器太阳能采暖系统、空气集热器太阳能采暖系统和低温热水地板辐射太阳能采暖系统.     

实用太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖系统设计

针对我国能源消耗结构带来的环境问题,在现有太阳能资源和低温地板辐射采暖理论基础上,设计了家用小型太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖系统。介绍了系统结构和工作原理,并以云南香格里拉气象条件为例对所设计的系统进行了实例计算,在采暖代表日,集热器与采暖房间的面积之比约为2:5。此系统具有较好的经济、节能、环保效益,具有良好的推广应用价值。     

太阳能季节蓄热采暖系统模拟分析

文中简单介绍了太阳能季节蓄热采暖系统,分析了太阳能季节蓄热采暖系统的主要设计参数,如采暖面积需求与蓄热水箱体积、集热器面积等的关系。利用TRNSYS模拟软件,对太阳能季节蓄热采暖系统进行了仿真模拟。最终得出了太阳能集热面积、房间热负荷、蓄热体积和蓄热水箱外保温层厚度与太阳能保证率的关系。     

热泵型太阳能集热采暖系统

介绍了一种热泵型太阳能集热采暖系统,为城市高层住宅楼在冬季利用太阳能采暖提供一种新的解决方案。其方法是利用每家每户的向阳墙壁,包括阳台的围墙外壁、窗户下部及左右两边墙壁,安装铝合金复合板式集热器,并结合热泵技术,将太阳能转化为适用于房间采暖的热源。经分析计算,该采暖系统可在白天阳光照射时段,利用太阳能解决单户独立采暖的问题。     

两种太阳能采暖形式的对比与分析

太阳能供热采暖系统是近年来国内逐渐发展起来的太阳能热利用技术.目前,国内安装的太阳能供热采暖系统,大致分为太阳能低温热水地板辐射采暖和太阳能散热器对流采暖两种形式.     

Solar multi-mode heating system based on latent heat thermal energy storage and its application

为克服太阳能间断性和不稳定性的缺点进而实现太阳能集热与采暖的能量供需调节和全天候连续供热,提出了基于相变储热的太阳能多模式采暖方法（太阳能集热直接采暖、太阳能集热采暖+相变储热、太阳能相变储热采暖）,并在西藏林芝市某建筑搭建了太阳能与相变储热相结合的采暖系统,该系统可根据太阳能集热温度和外界供热需求实现太阳能多模式采暖的自动控制和自动运行。实验研究表明：在西藏地区采用真空管太阳能集热器可以和中低温相变储热器很好地结合,白天储热器在储热过程中平均储热功率为10.63 kW,储热量达到92.67 kW·h,相变平台明显;晚上储热器在放热过程中供热量达85.23 kW·h,放热功率和放热温度平稳,储放热效率达92%,其储热密度是传统水箱的3.6倍,可连续供热时间长达10 h,从而实现了基于相变储热的太阳能全天候连续供热,相关研究结果对我国西藏地区实施太阳能采暖具有一定的指导作用。     

太阳能辐射采暖系统及其设计

地板辐射采暖方式已在我国广泛地应用。由于这种采暖方式要求水温不高，利用太阳能集热系统作为采暖热源是比较理想的。介绍了太阳能集热与热泵技术结合的采暖及其设计步骤、计算方法等。     

太阳能热泵地板辐射供暖系统

太阳能热泵低温地板辐射供暖系统是将太阳能、水源热泵和地板供暖结合在一起的新型采暖方式。介绍了太阳能热泵低温地板辐射供暖系统的工作原理和构成,并以青岛地区为例,设计了太阳集热器、蓄热器、地板换热盘管等设备,探讨了系统的设计方法。     

太阳能热水系统结合地板采暖在高层住宅中的应用

介绍太阳能热水系统结合低温热水地板采暖系统的工作原理,以上海地区为例,在高层住宅中应用壁挂式太阳能集热器,可以实现太阳能与建筑一体化。对该太阳能系统进行节能效益分析,结果表明,系统的动态回收期为3.98年。     

Very low temperature radiant heating/cooling indoor end system for efficient use of renewable energies

Solar or solar-assisted space heating systems are becoming more and more popular. The solar energy utilization efficiency is high when the collector is coupled with indoor radiant heating suppliers, since in principle, lower supply temperature means lower demand temperature and then the system heat loss is less. A new type radiant end system is put forward for even lower supply temperature compared to the conventional radiant floor heating systems. A three dimensional model was established to investigate its energy supply capacities. Simulation results show that 50 W per meter length tube can be achieved with the medium temperature of 30 °C for heating and 15 °C for cooling. The predicted results agree well with the actual data from a demonstration building. Furthermore, it is demonstrated that a supply temperature of 22 °C in winter and of 17 °C in summer already met the indoor requirements. The new end system has good prospects for effective use of local renewable resources.     

Investigation of thermal performance of a passive solar building with floor radiant heating

This paper presents a theoretical study of an integrated radiant floor heating–direct gain passive solar system. Thermal mass is utilized both for storage of auxiliary heating energy and direct solar gains incident on the floor. An explicit finite difference model is developed to accurately model nonlinear effects and auxiliary heating control. The numerical simulation model is employed to study the performance of a passive solar outdoor test-room with different amounts of thermal mass under various control strategies with constant and sinusoidal room thermostat setpoints. A satisfactory thermal mass is determined based on energy savings, reduction of room temperature swings, and prevention of floor surface overheating. Control of auxiliary heating based on a room effective (operative) temperature is shown to result in improved thermal comfort and higher utilization of passive solar gains as compared to room air temperature control.     

基于太阳能集热-蓄热技术发展的吸收式制冷、供暖、供热水联供运行系统

基于太阳能集热器和热能蓄热器这一套能量转换和收集设备的基础上,为吸收式制冷、供暖、供热水提供热力驱动。系统组成包括太阳能集热蓄热部分,共用集热蓄热装置的制冷、供暖、供热水等三大功能循环系统,电路及其自动控制部分。该系统通过集热管和蓄热装置,将分散化、低品位的太阳能转换为较高品位的热能并存储起来,同时将其它形式的废热通过换热装置储存于蓄热装置内。三大循环能够按需获取热能,提高能源的利用效率。     

太阳能热泵低温地板辐射供暖系统的研究与展望

太阳能热泵低温地板辐射采暖系统是以太阳能热泵为热源,以地板辐射采暖系统为末端装置的新型供暖系统.本文综述了太阳能热泵在国内外的研究与应用,并阐述了太阳能热泵低温地板辐射供暖系统的工作原理及在国内的研究现状.分析了该系统的特点,结果表明该系统是一种舒适、经济和节能的理想供热系统.本文还探讨了该系统在当前的应用中尚待解决的问题.     

太阳能地面采暖系统蓄热水箱容积分析

通过分析太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热鼍与建筑热负荷、太阳能集热量日变化规律之间的关系,得出太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热水箱容积的理论算式.根据拉萨、银川、西宁、西安等地的太阳辐射强度及建筑热负荷的日变化规律,模拟得出系统所需蓄热量变化规律;并对各种蓄热温差下对应的蓄热水箱容积进行了模拟分析,结果表明:太阳能采暖系统所需蓄热量随太阳集热器的集热量与建筑热负荷之间的差值增大而增加;蓄热水箱容积随蓄热温差增大而减小,当蓄热水温达到80℃时,在各种地面采暖系统取水温度下,单位集热器面积所需蓄热水箱容积趋于相等.     

A feasibility study of solar heating in Iran

A single-glass, flat-plate solar collector for air heating is analyzed for an optimum tilt angle of 45° for Shiraz (29° 36′ N latitude, 52° 32′ E longitude, and elevation of 4500 ft). The absorbed and utilized solar energy, as well as the collector outlet air temperature, the glazing, and the blackened plate temperatures, are determined with respect to the incident solar energy, parametric with collector inlet air temperatures and flow rates and outside air temperature.A 10 ft² collector and an 8 ft³ rock storage are built to experimentally verify the analysis and obtain cost estimates. A 5000 ft² single-story building is considered for solar heating and economic evaluations. Based on an annual interest rate of 8 per cent amortization of the solar heating equipment over 15 yr, electrical energy costs of 3c/kWh, and fuel costs of $1·10 per 10⁶ B.t.u., the optimum collector area which results in minimum annual operating costs (of the solar heating system and the auxiliary heating unit) is determined. A net saving results because solar heating is employed. The feasibility study is extended to eleven other Iranian cities. It is found profitable to employ solar heating in cities with low annual rainfall and relatively cold winters. An effective evaporative cooling is obtained by spraying water over the rock storage during the summer.     

An analysis of solar heating systems that use vapor-compression cycles

This paper analyzes the technical and economic performance of solar heating systems that use vapor-compression cycles, circulating a compressible fluid as the working fluid. With conventional solar heating systems that use water or as their working fluid, the collector inlet temperature is equal to that of the storage outlet temperature. Operating the system on a cold day can result in large thermal losses to the surroundings and, thus, low useful heat gains. A vapor-compression cycle may be attractive because it allows the collector inlet temperature to be lowered so that the heat gain of the collector can be increased. Such a system is simulated and a preliminary economic analysis performed. The results indicate that the vapor-compression system can collect almost 50% more solar energy than a conventional system if the collector area of the two systems are the same.     

A thermal analysis of a radiant floor heating system using SERI‐RES

Both intermittent and continuous heating are widely used for radiant floor heating systems in Korea, Intermittent heating circulates hot water according to a predefined schedule while the continuous heating controls water flow using thermostat control units. The standard version of SERI‐RES has been modified for the numerical simulation of the problem. Results show relatively large temperature swings in the case of intermittent heating with solar availability, although it costs less to implement due to its simplicity in design. On the other hand, the case of continuous heating would avoid such undesirable temperature fluctuations. These results are also verified by experimental evaluations. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.