基于石墨烯气凝胶的定形相变材料储热性能研究

使用石墨烯气凝胶(graphene aerogel,GA)为导热骨架,十六醇作为相变材料,制备出一种用以储热的定形相变材料。利用FITR、XRD、SEM、激光闪光法和DSC等手段对样品的微观形貌、化学结构以关键热物性进行了表征,同时也测试了样品实际吸/放热的速率。结果表明,GA的多孔结构可以有效防止相变材料的泄露。同时,高导热的石墨烯在相变材料中建立起额外的导热通路,使得样品的导热系数提高了20%。重复吸放热50次后发现,样品的融化/凝固焓并没有因为GA的加入明显下降,分别为229.2和229.5kJ/kg。吸/放热温度曲线表明,在以导热为主的传热过程中,拥有更高导热系数的定形相变材料比纯十六醇具有更快的融化/凝固速率。而在自然对流为主的传热过程中,由于GA较强的毛细作用,十六醇的流动性被削弱,定形相变材料的融化/凝固速率低于纯十六醇。     

土壤样品有效导热系数的分形计算模型

选择上海地区具有代表性的两种土壤样品,根据其微结构的特点,在粒径分布、剖面颗粒分布自相似规律的基础上建立了土壤结构分形模型;结合并联传热,得到土壤样品有效导热系数的分形表达式.通过与土壤样品有效导热系数的实测数据相比较,确立了符合样品有效导热系数的分形表述的最佳面积度量尺度.     

超级绝热材料气凝胶的纳米孔结构与有效导热系数

根据气凝胶的纳米孔结构特点,采用由小球体构成的立方阵列单元体结构,建立了描述纳米孔超级绝热材料气凝胶的气固耦合导热模型。计算结果表明气凝胶的纳米孔结构和固体颗粒纳米尺寸效应以及高的比表面积值是导致材料具有极低导热系数的主要因素。气凝胶存在具有最低导热系数的最佳密度。在高温下辐射传热是气凝胶传热的主要方式,通过渗碳等遮光处理会显降低气凝胶在高温下的导热系数。     

多孔介质导热的分形模型

多孔介质中热量传递与多孔介质内部的几何结构有密切的关系，讨论了多孔介质的分形结构和相关的分形维数，利用能量方程，导出了分形维数为D的有限尺度多孔介质中的广义热传导方程，在此基础上，假定热量在多孔介质中的传导路线也是一种分形结构，提出了一个筒化的多孔介质并联通道分形导热模型，求出了基于分形理论的多孔介质有效导热系数表达式。     

石墨烯量子点GQDs纳米流体导热系数模型

综合考虑布朗运动、纳米液膜层、粒子簇、微尺寸效应等多种因素的影响,建立了石墨烯量子点(graphene quantum dot, GQDs)强化基液导热系数计算模型,使用Hot Disk热常数分析仪测量去离子水质量分数分别为0.002%、0.004%、0.006%、0.008%、0.010%的GQDs纳米流体的热导率进行验证,并且用预测模型对更高温度和更高质量分数GQDs纳米流体的导热系数进行了预测。研究表明：模型预测误差不超过2.5%,准确度较高,可以很好地预测不同质量分数GQDs纳米流体在不同温度下的导热系数;GQDs纳米流体由于布朗运动引起的类似对流换热的作用提升了导热系数;而GQDs的添加比例并非越大越好,添加比例过高反而会产生沉降效果,抑制导热系数的提升。     

蜂窝材料有效导热系数的通用计算法

提出了蜂窝材料有效导热系数的通用计算法－－结构单元体传热分析法，藉此可估长不同材料和结构的蜂窝的有效导热系数，作为蜂窝结构、热性能设计的基础，进而可估算出采用蜂窝材料的相应系统的性能改善效果，利用该方法，计算了一些蜂窝的有效导热系数。     

掺杂对定形相变材料导热系数的影响

通过在定形相变材料中加添加剂改进定形相变材料的导热系数，用热针法对改性后的试样进行了测量，对添加剂种类和含量对定形相变材料导热系数的影响进行了定量分析。实验结果表明，石墨添加剂可以显著提高定形相变材料的导热系数。通过对实验数据的拟合，得到了石墨添加质量分数与材料有效导热系数问的拟合公式。     

基于分形理论超轻中空二次粒子纤维壁的有效导热系数计算方法

利用分形理论描述硬硅钙石超轻中空二次粒子纤维壁的微尺度空间结构,建立了分形单元体导热模型,采用等效电阻方法,推导出了超轻中空二次粒子纤维壁的有效导热系数计算公式,同时探讨了温度、孔隙率、分形维数等因素对材料有效导热系数的影响规律。     

一种高导热材料导热系数测试仪的研制

对经典周期热流法进行了研究和改进,采用实验测试和数值仿真相结合的研究方法,设计开发了一套简单实用,数据可靠的高导热材料导热系数测试装置。通过编程技术,实现了数据的自动采集及处理。应用有限容积法建立二维模型,借助Visual Basic语言,开发了该测试系统在线仿真的软件系统。最后根据实验结果和文献值对该测试系统进行评价。     

考虑多因素影响的混凝土导热系数试验研究

混凝土是一种多相复合材料,其导热性受温湿度、孔隙率、骨料体积分数、龄期等多个因素的综合影响。通过试验研究了不同温度、饱和度、孔隙率、骨料体积分数、龄期等因素变化条件下水泥砂浆、骨料和混凝土导热系数的变化规律,结合Wiener边界理论,提出一种包含多因素影响的混凝土导热系数预测模型,分析了各因素与混凝土导热系数的相关性。结果表明,混凝土导热性的各影响因素之间具有明显的耦合作用特征,即混凝土含水率越高,温度变化对其导热性的影响越显著;混凝土导热系数随饱和度增大而增加,孔隙率越大,增幅越明显;随着骨料体积分数的增加,导热系数增大较明显。     

高孔隙率泡沫金属复合相变材料有效热导率的预测

基于十四面体泡沫金属的单元晶胞结构,提出了一种高孔隙率开孔泡沫金属复合相变材料有效热导率的预测模型。热量沿热流方向在金属骨架和填充介质中并行传递,推导得出包含结构参数f(节点边长与韧带半径之比)和d(韧带半径与韧带长度之比)的有效热导率计算式。在孔隙率0.889 0≤ε≤0.977 0,针对单元晶胞的十六分之一结构,采用数值模拟的方法并结合实验数据的对比分析,校正了与有效热导率紧密相关的两个无量纲参数f和d,并以孔隙率的二阶多项式拟合出f变量的函数关系,以孔隙率的三阶多项式拟合出d变量的函数关系,从而确定出有效热导率的预测模型。通过与其他几种预测模型和实验数据的比较分析,结果表明：验证了当前预测模型具有较高的正确性和有效性,与实验值的平均相对误差ARD和相对均方根误差RMS分别为2.93%和3.50%,相对其他模型具有更高的预测精度。     

Effective thermal conductivity analysis of xonotlite-aerogel composite insulation material

A 3-dimensional unit cell model is developed for analyzing effective thermal conductivity of xonotlite-aerogel composite insulation material based on its microstructure features. Effective thermal conductivity comparisons between xonotlite-type calcium silicate and aerogel as well as xonotlite-aerogel composite insulation material are presented. It is shown that the density of xonotlite-type calcium silicate is the key factor affecting the effective thermal conductivity of xonotlite-aerogel composite insulation material, and the density of aerogel has little influence. The effective thermal conductivity can be lowered greatly by composite of the two materials at an elevated temperature.     

Study on effective thermal conductivity for porous media using fractal techniques

In this paper, the geometric structure of porous media is described using fractal techniques, and a section particle area fractal dimension d of a porous medium with various porosities is considered with a simplified model. Also an expression of the effective thermal conductivity for soil is presented via a fractal dimension and a model of heat transfer in soil. The results obtained in this paper indicate the effectiveness of the method for determining the effective thermal conductivity by using the section area dimension. © 2000 Scripta Technica, Heat Trans Asian Res, 29(6): 491–497, 2000     

Determination of effective thermal conductivity for real porous media using fractal theory

INTRODUCTIONPorousmediaisacompositemediathatincludessolidframeandfluidandexistedwidelyintheeajrthbiosphere.Heatandmasstransferinporousmediaisbothanaturalphenomenoninearthbiosphereandaphysicalchemistryprocessinindustries,agricultureandhumanlife.Thusthestudyonheatandmasstransferinporousmediahasbecomeanimportanttasktoscielltistsandengineers.Heatandmasstransferinporousmediaisaverycomplexobject.Therearestillmanydifficultiestodescribethecoupledheatandmasstransferphenomena.Amongthesedifficultie…     

Study on reduction of thermal conductivity of composite phase change material using Cu nanoparticles

A composite phase change material (PCM) containing Cu nanoparticles (NPs) was prepared. XRD and TEM results showed that the Cu NPs were pure metal with irregular morphology. The diameter of Cu NPs was in the range of 5–15 nm. The composite PCM melted at the temperature of 310 K and the total phase change enthalpy was 122 J/g. The thermal conductivity of the composite PCM was reduced by Cu NPs from 0.130 W/mK to 0.102 W/mK. The as-prepared composite PCM might be an appropriate candidate for thermal protection where PCM with lower thermal conductivity is needed.     

A simple analytical model for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids

A simple mathematical model for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids has been developed based on the thermal resistance approach. The model is developed by considering both effects of a solid‐like nanolayer and convective heat transfer caused by Brownian motion which have not been considered simultaneously by most available models in the literature. In addition the correlation of Prasher and Phelan for the convective heat transfer coefficient is modified to take into account the effect of the solid‐like nanolayer. In addition a general value for n (different from the one presented by Tillman and Hill) is introduced to modify the thickness of the solid‐like nanolayer. The latter is done by considering both conduction and convection heat transfer mechanisms. Comparisons with previously published experimental results and other mathematical models show that the presented model could well predict a nanofluids effective thermal conductivity as a function of the nanoparticles mean diameter, volume fraction, and temperature for different kinds of nanofluids. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heat Trans Asian Res; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/htj.20290     

Analysis of effective thermal conductivity for circular tubes made with porous media based on fractal theory

Accurately evaluating the relation between heat transfer performance and the complex structure of porous media is still a difficult task. Most previous fractal models of effective thermal conductivity (ETC) are developed to describe the heat-conducting characteristics of a unit cell or a representative elementary volume in porous media, and few models have paid attentions to the ETC for practical circular tubes made with a porous structure based on fractal theory. This paper proposes a new ETC model for a circular tube made with porous media based on fractals, and the validity of the present model is proved by previous models and testing data in the literature, then the effects of intrinsic thermo-physical properties of each component and pore structures on the ETC are discussed. The analysis results indicate that a circular tube made with porous media can improve its heat-insulating performance by about 25% compared with a common parallel circular tube. This can supply an alternative scheme for pipe insulation design in cold/hot fluid supplying systems or air conditioning systems.     

Influence of additives on thermal conductivity of shape-stabilized phase change material

Shape-stabilized phase change material (PCM) is a kind of novel thermal energy storage material. Its thermal conductivity is low, which limits its application in many conditions. In this paper, additives with high thermal conductivities were doped in it to improve its thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity was measured by a thermal probe at room temperature. The experimental results show that the thermal conductivity of the shape-stabilized PCM can be improved greatly by adding exfoliated graphite. An empirical equation was developed for calculating the effective thermal conductivity of the shape-stabilized PCM with different mass fraction of graphite additive. By using the so-called numerical element method, a theoretical equation was obtained for predicting the effective thermal conductivity, which agrees well with the experimental results. The empirical equation and the theoretical prediction are useful for “designing” and controlling the thermal conductivity of the shape-stabilized PCM.