统计过程控制在测量领域的应用浅析

文章简要介绍了统计过程控制在生产过程中的应用,再结合测量过程的特点以及国际标准对测量过程提出的质量保证要求的发展,详细阐述了统计过程控制在测量领域的应用——测量过程控制。剖析了采用核查标准,使用控制图对测量过程进行统计监控,以及如何对测量过程的失控作出判别。最后以实例说明如何使用控制图实现对测量数据的管理和控制,从而提高测量设备在两次检校之间所出具数据的置信度。     

Excel数据处理及绘制控制图法在计量标准稳定性考核中的运用

鉴于控制图法是计量标准稳定性考核中推荐实施的一种可靠有效的方法,本文利用测量过程控制中常用的控制图:平均值——标准偏差控制图,借助Excel数据处理、统计分析和辅助决策的功能,结合计量标准稳定性考核要求,介绍电子化表格在计量标准稳定性考核中的运用。     

对ISO10012"测量控制体系"新标准的理解之十一(计量确认过程专题)

四、测量过程控制的方法１．核查标准在测量过程控制系统中的应用ＩＳＯ１００１２新国际标准中的测量过程控制的方法 ,使用了核查标准建立一个测量过程控制系统 ,通过测量过程控制的数据分析 ,验证测量过程的性能不超过所要求的不确定度极限。(ｌ)核查标准的定义核查标准定义为 :用于收集测量过程控制的数据库 ,并被这个过程所测量的测量设备、产品或其他物体。核查标准在测量过程控制中起着十分关键的作用。它是一种专门制作或挑选的能够代表被测对象的仪器、产品或其他物体。它的量程、准确度等级都接近于被测对象 ,而它的稳定性要比实际…     

测量过程控制在实验室校准结果质量保证中的应用

测量装置的主标准器是实验室校准结果质量保证的重要因素，对其实施有效的质量控制可以保证其饺准数据的准确、有效。测量过程控制可以有效地应用于实验室标准器的质量控制，通过对性能稳定的核查标准定期进行测量，在确定统计分析方法的基础上绘制控制图来观察核查数据是否受控，从而判定标准器的质量状态一本文给出了测量过程控制在实验的应用方法和步骤，并通过实例验证其正确性。     

Minitab在计量标准控制图中的应用

计量工作中需要对某些计量标准的测量过程进行质量控制,控制图方法被广泛使用。以微波小功率标准装置的测量过程控制为例,详细介绍控制图方法的实现步骤,并将Minitab统计分析软件应用于数据的处理分析及控制图的绘制过程中,方便、快捷、准确地实现计量标准控制图的建立。     

测量过程控制在实验室校准结果质量保证中的应用

测量装置的主标准器是实验室校准结果质量保证的重要因素 ,对其实施有效的质量控制可以保证其校准数据的准确、有效。测量过程控制可以有效地应用于实验室标准器的质量控制 ,通过对性能稳定的核查标准定期进行测量 ,在确定统计分析方法的基础上绘制控制图来观察核查数据是否受控 ,从而判定标准器的质量状态。本文给出了测量过程控制在实验室标准器控制的应用方法和步骤 ,并通过实例验证其正确性。     

控制图在砝码检定/校准过程控制中的应用

一、引言 休哈特控制图即通常说的测量过程控制图,是一种有控制界限的图,用于对已经完成的测量过程或测量阶段进行分析,以评估测量过程是否稳定并处于受控状态。     

利用原器校准法替代多功能校准源传统核查的方法研究

标准核查是测量过程控制的最常用的方法,传统的核查方法是利用核查标准建立过程控制参数,通过对核查标准经常地、多次测量实现对测量过程的控制[1]。本文提出多功能校准源5700A系列可以将原器校准的方法应用于标准核查,通过对两种方法的研究和比较,分析原器校准法替代传统核查方法的可行性和实用性。     

分析用控制图在检定／校准过程控制中的应用

在过程控制中．运用统计技术的控制图方法是核心。在最新版的JJF1033—2008（计量标准考核规范》C-3．1中明确提出“对于准确度较高且重要的计量标准,如有可能,建议尽量采用控制图对其测量过程进行连续和长期的统计控制。”使得采用控制图（由于校准过程数据特性一般使用戈胡控制图．又称休哈特控制图）对检定／校准过程进行控制成为趋势。统计过程控制在生产制造过程中被广泛接受并运用,但在检定／校准实验室统计过程控制中运用甚少．而且应用者往往忽视了该方法使用的关键环节——分析用控制图绘制。     

利用质量控制图提高实验室管理水平方法的研究与应用

本论文首先讨论了统计过程控制图的基本原理,然后重点阐述了利用Excel绘制控制图的过程分析以及应用控制图提高实验室管理的水平的方法。最后,本论文以交流电桥标准装置电感参量测量过程为例,充分利用标准器的重复性、稳定性数据作为可靠准确的统计数据,详细说明了控制图的作用和意义。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

From Industry 4.0 to Research 4.0. Development of High Performance Fibers in the Light of Digitization

We associate a variety of innovations with the term ＂Industry 4.0＂. The pioneer of many 4.0 modifications forms the basisfor the trend towards the integrated di...     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

Roman iron and steel: A review

ABSTRACT

The production of ferrous metal increased during the Roman Late Republican period, Principate and Empire. The direct bloomery process was used to extract the metal from its ores using slag-tapping and slag-pit furnaces. The fuel was charcoal and an air blast was introduced by bellows-operated tuyères. Iron formed as a bloom, often as a spongy mass of metal, which contained impurities from the smelting process, including unreacted ore, fuel, slag and fragments from the furnace walls, while the metal was often inhomogeneous with varied carbon contents. Blooms were either smithed directly into bars or ingots or they were broken up, which also allowed the removal of gross impurities and a selection of pieces with similar properties to be made. These could then be forge-welded together and formed into characteristically shaped ingots. Making steel in the furnace seems to have been achieved: it depended on the ore and the furnace and conditions within it. Surface carburization was also carried out. Iron and steel were used extensively in construction and for tools and weapons. Fire welding was often used to add pieces of steel to make the edges of tools and weapons, which could be heat-treated by quenching to harden them.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...