螺旋藻泡载分离法采收的实验室研究

在一种斜臂泡沫分离装置上，较为详细地研究了泡沫塔构造、起泡剂Tween 20浓度、载气流率、pH值和乙醇浓度等因素对螺旋藻泡载采收性能的影响. 结果表明，斜臂泡沫塔可明显改善藻细胞的泡载性能, 当Tween 20浓度为100 mg/L、载气流率为30 L/h及pH=11、乙醇浓度为1%(j)时，泡载采收过程的分离因子R和浓缩倍数a可分别达到5.04~6.52和2.74~4.31.     

盐藻细胞泡载分离法采收的初步研究

通过对盐藻细胞的浓缩倍数和采收率的测定，考察了藻液pH值、气体流速(vg)、藻细胞初始浓度(C0)对盐藻细胞的泡载分离采收性能的影响，优化了盐藻细胞泡载分离采收条件. 结果表明：在vg为60 ml/min，C0为2.58?105 个/ml，pH值为7.5的条件下，盐藻细胞泡载分离的采收率达90%~94%，浓缩倍数达30~34. 泡载分离是分离浓缩盐藻细胞的一种简便、高效的方法.     

大豆蛋白废水中乳清蛋白的泡沫分离实验

采用泡沫分离法回收大豆蛋白废水中蛋白,考察了pH值、气体的流速、进料浓度、液柱和泡沫层高度等因素对分离效果的影响.低进气速度、高泡沫层高度、适当的pH值以及低进料浓度有利于较好的分离.结果表明:当进料浓度为0.54 g/L、pH值为5、泡沫层与液池高度比4∶1,通气量为15.0 L/h 时,富集比可以达到3.25;当进料浓度为0.54 g/L、pH值为5、泡沫层与液池高度比3∶1,通气量为15.0 L/h,此时脱除率可以达到48.5%.     

铁盐共沉淀泡沫分离法去除水中铬离子

采用铁盐共沉淀泡沫分离法对水中的铬离子去除进行了研究,考察了pH值、Fe^2＋/Cr（Ⅵ）摩尔比、十二烷基苯磺酸钠（LAS）浓度、气液比等因素的影响.实验结果表明：当水中的铬离子含量为8 mg·L^-1时,去除率可达97.1%.根据泡沫分离过程与化学反应过程在物理行为上的类似性,引入等效的化学反应常数,对采用共沉淀泡沫分离法去除水中的铬离子进行宏观动力学研究.结果表明该泡沫分离过程可等效为一级反应,结合停留时间分布测定对该过程的数学模型进行了分析讨论.     

膨胀床吸附高效纯化牛血红蛋白

探索了将膨胀床吸附层析应用于动物血液蛋白质的提取,尝试了直接从牛血红细胞破碎液中纯化血红蛋白.对该过程采用的吸附介质及pH值、离子强度、温度、洗脱条件等因素对高铁血红蛋白生成、产品纯度以及回收率等的影响进行探索.选择了最佳吸附介质Streamline SP,确定了优化的吸附条件为：吸附过程选用离子强度为10mmol•L^-1的磷酸盐缓冲系统,进料线流速3.3cm•min^-1,进料pH值6.6,改变缓冲液pH值为7.2进行洗脱,操作温度4℃.该技术省去了离心去除碎片步骤,有效地控制了纯化过程中无载氧能力的高铁血红蛋白的生成,动态吸附容量达到70～75mg•ml^-1,只经一步操作产品纯度达电泳纯,高铁血红蛋白含量仅为5.4％.与现有的膜过滤-层析纯化方法相比,膨胀床吸附法操作时间短,提取收率高,产品活性损失小,是一种简捷、高效、适合工业放大的天然血红蛋白制备方法.     

负载型二氧化钛光电催化降解苯酚废水的反应动力学

采用浸渍提拉法制备发泡镍载二氧化钛薄膜电极,并以其为工作电极,建立三电极光电催化体系,对该体系降解苯酚的动力学进行了研究.考察了反应液初始pH值、反应物初始浓度、催化剂用量、光辐照强度、外加直流偏压值对光电催化反应速率的影响,采用幂指数方程描述反应动力学,得到方程C=C₀exp(-0.5430 C ^-0.4241 ₀ E ^0.2968 Q ^0.5418 I ^0.5877 t).方程计算值与实验值吻合较好,误差基本在15％以内.     

反胶团萃取分离地木耳中藻蓝蛋白

采用阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)反胶团萃取分离地木耳中藻蓝蛋白。分别考察水相pH值、离子强度和种类、有机相中有机溶剂配比、表面活性剂浓度和助溶剂浓度对萃取行为的影响;同时采用正交试验法,考察反萃取过程中反萃液种类、浓度和pH值对萃取液中藻蓝蛋白反萃取行为的影响,最终得到适宜的萃取分离工艺条件。结果表明:0.05mol/LCTAB/正己醇-正辛烷(体积比1∶4)的反胶团体系用于萃取pH=7的地木耳细胞破碎液,藻蓝蛋白萃取率可达98.1%,分配系数达到50.7;溶液中不同离子种类和强度对萃取率影响不同,萃取率随着离子强度增大而降低;采用pH=4.0、3mol/LKBr反萃液反萃藻蓝蛋白,反萃率可达98.5%,其纯度可达16.8。     

樟树果红色素的提取及性质研究

研究了樟树果红色素的提取条件和理化性质。结果表明, pH值1.0时的20%乙醇是樟树果红色素的最佳提取剂;樟树果红色素属花青素类色素,易溶于水和酸性乙醇;pH值对色素影响明显,在酸性条件下色泽稳定且具有热稳定性。光照能加快色素降解。金属离子Na⁺、Ca²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺对色素色泽无影响,而Fe³⁺、Pb²⁺有不良影响。色素的抗氧化性能较差而抗还原性能较好。蔗糖、葡萄糖和盐等添加剂对色素无影响。     

含铜和含锌稀溶液的吸附泡沫分离技术的研究

运用自制的泡沫分离塔,以十二烷基硫酸钠为表面活性剂对泡沫吸附分离含铜及含锌溶液的操作参数进行了研究。考察了料液浓度、pH值、气体流量、表面活性剂浓度等因素对含铜和含锌溶液泡沫分离效果的影响。结果表明：最佳操作参数为pH值5．0,料液浓度0．125mmol／L,进料流速50mL/min,气体流量100mL/min,表面活性剂浓度0．25mmol／L。同时从理论上推算出泡沫吸附分离铜离子的最佳pH值范围为5．0左右。实验还通过改变孔板的孔径大小以改变气泡的尺寸,特别研究了泡沫尺寸对泡沫吸附分离的影响。     

泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素工艺

在水溶液中,相当一部分色素在一定条件下带正电荷或负电荷,因此文中以水溶液中的铜离子为色素研究体系,十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)为起泡剂,探索泡沫分离法脱除水溶液中离子色素的工艺。单因素实验研究了铜离子色素脱除率和富集比随pH值、鼓泡气体流量、表面活性剂质量浓度及泡沫塔装液量的变化规律和机理,结果表明,十二烷基硫酸钠对泡沫分离法脱除铜离子色素具有良好的效果。在此基础上通过正交实验得到最佳操作工艺为:pH值5.0,气体流量80 mL/min,表面活性剂质量浓度0.15 g/L,装液量220 mL,此工艺下铜离子色素脱除率为99.4%,富集比为20.8。     

内循环式泡沫浮选塔处理含铬废水

采用自制的内循环泡沫浮选塔处理含铬废水,考察pH值、Fe(NO3)3浓度、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)浓度、气体流量、分离时间等因素对分离效率的影响,并与常规泡沫塔比较. 结果表明,在12~35 min内,内循环式浮选塔分离效率更高,35 min时塔内铬离子浓度为0.6 mg/L,常规泡沫塔内铬离子浓度为10 mg/L. 内循环浮选塔最佳分离工艺条件为,对初始铬浓度为20 mg/L的废水,在pH 5.5、SDS 100 mg/L、Fe(NO3)3 60 mg/L、气体流量800 mL/min条件下处理效果最好,泡沫夹带率约为10%,Cr(III)脱除率可达97%以上.     

螺旋藻中藻胆蛋白和多糖的分离纯化及产品特性

提出一种从螺旋藻中提取纯化藻蓝蛋白和糖蛋白的新型分离工艺。等电聚焦分析结果表明所得到的藻蓝蛋白为电泳纯,等电点为４．３,测定了藻蓝蛋白的氨基酸组成及其红外吸收光谱。ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ分析结果表明所得到的糖蛋白组成均一,其分子量为１３０ｋｄ,测定了螺旋藻糖蛋白的氨基酸组成,红外光谱分析表明螺旋藻糖蛋白含有α－型糖苷连接键。     

The effect of bubble size on oil-water separation efficiency for a novel oil-water separation column

Bubble size is a key factor in froth flotation for oil-water separation. In this paper, the bubble size which impacts on oil removal efficiency for a novel oil-water separation column was researched systematically. The bubble size distribution was researched by using the photographic method and Matlab software. In addition, several operating parameters which impact on the bubble size were investigated, including circulating pressure, aeration rate, and the foaming agent. Based on the results of experimental data and image analysis, the frother consumption and aeration rate has important influence on the bubble size. The bubble size can be controlled by adjusting the operation conditions including the circulating pressure, aeration rate, and the frother consumption. The optimum operating conditions for the oil-water separation column were determined. Furthermore, the mathematical model of oil removal efficiency for the oil-water separation column was established.     

Effect of air to solid ratio in the clarification of yeast by colloidal gas aphrons

A study on the clarification of baker's yeast suspension by Colloidal Gas Aphrons (CGA) employing a cationic surfactant, benzyl-dimethyl-hexadecyl-ammonium chloride, is presented. The variables investigated were the CGA flowrate, air flowrate and the yeast concentration. A separation efficiency as high as 95% was achieved at the optimum conditions of air flowrate and feed concentration. The mechanism of particle–bubble attachment was identified and a simple model for the monolayer adsorption of yeast cells on the bubble surface derived. © 1998 SCI     

泡沫分离法回收废水中的全氟辛酸铵的研究

本文研究了用泡沫分离法回收废水中的全氟辛酸铵，通过实验研究了气体流量、进料液流量、进料液浓度、泡沫层高度和清液层高度之比、进料液的pH值等因素对废水中全氟辛酸铵脱除率的影响，得到了最佳的操作条件，为工业设计提供了有用的参考价值。     

Continuous chromatographic separation of fructose, mannitol and sorbitol

The separation of mixtures of fructose, mannitol and sorbitol by continuous annular chromatography on Dowex 50W-X8 has been investigated. Distribution and mass transfer coefficients of the three substances were obtained by batch chromatography. The influence of feed concentration and flow rate on these parameters were discussed. The separation was simulated numerically and compared with experimental data. With this procedure, the separation of mixtures of fructose, mannitol and sorbitol by continuous annular chromatography (CAC) was calculated in advance, using only batch data. Additionally, the influence of rotation rate, column loading, eluent flow rate and feed concentration on the resolution of the individual peaks were investigated. With these results, the operation parameters for an industrial application of the CAC for this separation problem were determined.     

Effect of Changes in Operating Variables on Stage-wise and Cumulative Separation in Binary Multistage Distillation

Abstract

The progressive separation that occurs stage-wise within a multistage distillation column is characterized by the cumulative extent of separation, ζ _N ; while the contribution of individual stages, δ _N , to the overall separation is given by the difference between ζ _N for successive stages. These indexes permit the “goodness” of separation for individual stages and for the entire column to be compared on an equivalent basis. This paper examines the effects of changing operating variables of reflux ratio, feed rate, feed composition, and feed stage location on the separation obtained in a distillation column containing a fixed number of ideal stages, and how the single-stage contribution changes when these variables are altered from the design value. The calculations show that the reflux ratio (R) is probably the most important variable in determining how well a column makes a separation. Separation declines rapidly as R is reduced below the design value, as the feed rate is increased at constant boil-up rate, and as the feed concentration drops below the design value. Changing the feed stage location of ±5 stages in a 50-stage column has a minimal effect on separation at all feed compositions. δ _N clearly shows how the contribution of individual stages changes when operating variables are varied from the design values.     

泡沫相塔壁对泡沫分离牛血清蛋白分离性能的影响

In order to enhance foam drainage, the column with an inner sleeve in the foam phase was designed for studying effect of the column wall of foam phase on foam separation performances using bovine serum albumin(BSA) as the research system. The effects of the wall on the liquid holdup out of the top column, bubble size, enrichment and recovery percentage were investigated. The results indicated that the experimental column with the inner sleeve decreased the liquid holdup, accelerated the coarsening and coalescence of bubbles and increased enrichment of BSA compared the contrasted column without the inner sleeve. Under the conditions of the initial concentration 0.2 g?L-1 of BSA, air flow rate 400 ml?min-1, the experimental column achieved up to a 2.06 fold increase in enrichment compared to the contrasted column. The enrichment of BSA increased with the increase of inner sleeve length. Channel theoretical analysis showed that the ratio of exterior channels to interior channels increased with the increase of bubble diameter. So the experiment column obtained the better performances at the lower concentration and the lower air flow rate. The better performances obtained by experimental column showed that the drainage rate of plateau borders on wall was greater than that of plateau borders between bubbles. So the inner sleeve provided more plateau borders on wall and improved foam drainage.