PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相萃取法提取果胶酶的研究

对PEG（聚乙二醇）／（NH4）2SO4。双水相提取果胶酶进行了研究，考察了PEG分子量、pH、成相物质浓度、NaCl浓度、温度等因素对果胶酶分配系数的影响，结果表明：双水相最佳提取条件为PEG 100027％，（NH4）2SO419％，Na-Cl0．002％，pH5．0，温度50℃，在此条件果胶酶分配系数可达到14．0。     

PEG/（NH4）2SO4双水相体系萃取果胶酶

采用PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相系统对果胶酶进行萃取分离,研究了PEG分子量、pH、成相物质浓度、NaCl浓度、温度等因素对果胶酶分配系数的影响,结果表明:双水相体系质量组成为PEG100027%,(NH4)2SO419%,NaCl0.002%,pH5.0时果胶酶的萃取效率较好,实验中分配系数最高可达为14.0。     

双水相萃取法提取木瓜蛋白酶的研究

对以PEG(聚乙二醇)/(NH4)2SO4为双水相系统提取的木瓜蛋白酶进行了研究。实验考察了不同分子量PEG对木瓜蛋白酶活性的影响以及PEG浓度、(NH4)2SO4浓度、pH和温度对木瓜蛋白酶分配系数的影响。结果表明:双水相体系最佳条件为PEG60027%,(NH4)2SO421%,pH7·0和温度60℃。在上述条件下,木瓜蛋白酶的分配系数可达9·28。     

双水相提取糖化酶的研究

利用PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相系统从粗酶液中提取糖化酶。研究了PEG、(NH42)SO4、NaCl溶液浓度对糖化酶分配系数、回收率以及分相时间的影响,确定了提取糖化酶的最佳条件,即PEG溶液浓度为24%,(NH42)SO4溶液浓度为20%时,分配系数最小为0.0120,糖化酶回收率最高为98.81%。     

双水相萃取分离苹果皮中果胶酶的研究

以苹果皮作为提取果胶酶的原材料,采用PEG/Na2HPO4双水相系统对果胶酶进行萃取分离,研究了PEG1000浓度、Na2HPO4浓度、pH、NaCl浓度等因素对果胶酶分配系数的影响。结果表明:双水相体系质量组成为PEG1000 26%、Na2HPO417%、NaCl 0.004%,pH为4.0时,果胶酶的萃取效率较好,实验中分配系数最高可达为13.8954。     

双水相萃取法提取虫草发酵液中甘露醇的研究

探索采用正丙醇/(NH4)2SO4双水相系统从拟黑虫草发酵液中提取甘露醇的方法。实验研究了正丙醇、(NH4)2SO4、溶液浓度和pH值对甘露醇分配系数、萃取率的影响,确定提取甘露醇的最佳条件,即正丙醇溶液浓度为20%、(NH4)2SO4溶液浓度为25%、pH7.4时分配系数为0.028,甘露醇萃取率最高为73.79%。     

猪肉内源性脂肪酶三种提取方法的比较研究

比较PEG2000/(NH4)2SO4双水相体系萃取法、反胶团提取法、双水相萃取和壳聚糖沉淀相结合的三种方法对猪肉内源性脂肪酶萃取效果的影响。通过正交实验进一步优化每一种方法的提取条件。结果表明:在PEG2000浓度25%、(NH4)2SO4浓度12%、pH6.5、壳聚糖浓度为2.5mg/mL的条件下,进行双水相萃取和壳聚糖沉淀相结合法萃取脂肪酶的萃取效果最佳,其萃取率为97.83%,分配系数为5.209,纯化倍数为7.74倍。     

无花果蛋白酶在双水相体系中分配行为

双水相萃取(ATPS)是近年来发展起来的新型、廉价酶纯化方法。为了扩展该方法应用领域,对PEG(polyethylene glycol)/(NH4)2SO4 双水相体系萃取无花果叶中无花果蛋白酶的实验条件进行研究,考察PEG 相对分子质量、成相物质量分数、pH 值、温度对无花果蛋白酶在两相体系中分配系数(K 值)的影响。结果表明：当两相体系中PEG 相对分子质量为1000、PEG 质量分数为20%、(NH4)2SO4 质量分数为19%、pH 值为6、温度室温(25℃)时蛋白酶在两相体系中分配系数最高可达3.6。     

聚乙二醇/硫酸铵双水相体系萃取葡萄糖氧化酶的研究

采用聚乙二醇/硫酸铵[PEG/(NH4)2SO4]双水相体系对葡萄糖氧化酶的萃取进行了研究。以双水相系统的上、下相的酶活、比酶活、相比R、分配系数K和萃取率Y等为参数,探讨了PEG质量分数、不同PEG浓度和不同硫酸铵浓度对葡萄糖氧化酶在PEG/(NH4)2SO4双水相系统中分配行为的影响。实验结果表明:葡萄糖氧化酶在25%的PEG4000和10%硫酸铵的双水相体系中可获得较高的萃取率达81.11%,分配系数为0.134。     

双水相萃取分离米曲霉中性蛋白酶

采用聚乙二醇(PEG)/盐双水相体系萃取分离米曲霉中性蛋白酶。探讨了不同成相盐及其浓度、成相聚合物PEG及其浓度、pH和NaCl浓度对中性蛋白酶萃取的影响。结果表明,适宜的双水相萃取体系为20%PEG1000/25%(NH4)2SO4(m/m)、pH8.0、不添加NaCl,此条件下中性蛋白酶上相酶活回收率和纯化倍数分别为99.88%和2.32。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the