稀土改性聚丙烯纤维染色性能的研究

采用稀土化合物苯甲酸镧与聚丙烯(PP)共混纺丝,对所得的共混改性PP纤维用分散染料和染色助剂染色,探讨了改性PP纤维的染色性能。结果表明,随着苯甲酸镧含量、染料助剂含量及染色时间的增加,改性PP纤维的上染率均增加。当苯甲酸镧质量分数为3%时,选用染色助剂氯化镧含量为0.8g/L的染液,染色时间为60 min时,改性PP纤维的上染率达75%。     

可染间位芳纶的制备及性能研究

将端羧基超支化聚酯(EHBP)和间位芳香族聚酰胺(PMIA)浆液共混,制备改性PMIA膜;将共混改性浆液通过湿法纺丝制备PMIA/EHBP改性纤维;研究了EHBP添加量对改性PMIA膜上染率的影响,对改性浆液的流变性和改性纤维的力学性能、玻璃化转变温度、热稳定性、染色性能进行表征。结果表明:添加EHBP质量分数10%时,改性PMIA膜的上染率达97.94%,比纯PMIA膜的上染率提高134%;与纯PMIA纤维相比,添加EHBP质量分数为10%,PMIA/EHBP改性浆液的可纺性提高,PMIA/EHBP改性纤维的上染率提高29%,但力学性能稍有下降,玻璃化转变温度降低5.99℃;PMIA与EHBP的相容性好,添加EHBP对PMIA纤维的热稳定性没有影响。     

分子筛改性PET纤维的制备及其染色性能

采用分子筛、分散剂、偶联剂与PET切片共混纺丝制备分子筛改性PET纤维,讨论了分子筛的处理和加入方法等对改性PET纤维染色性能的影响。结果表明:母粒法纺丝比直接法纺丝好;对于分子筛与分散剂的混合,熔融法好于溶液法。当纤维中分子筛质量分数为3％时,改性PET纤维上染率提高2．45倍,加入适量的偶联剂后,其断裂强度较PET纤维提高约4％,上染率达到79．09％,分子筛在PET基体中分散均匀。     

PTT/PBT共混纤维的性能研究

利用聚对苯二甲酸-1,3-丙二酯(PTT)和聚对苯二甲酸丁二酯(PBT)良好的相容性,开发了PTT/ PBT共混纤维。通过对共混纤维的力学、回弹及染色等性能测试发现,PTT组分的存在明显改善了共混纤维的拉伸性能,而共混纤维的强度相对纯组分纤维略差;当PTT质量分数达到50%后,共混纤维的回弹性优于纯PBT纤维,且在相同拉伸倍数下,PTT的存在降低了共混纤维的沸水收缩率;共混纤维在常压下用分散蓝染色的上染率比纯组分纤维高,当PTT/PBT质量比为50/50时,上染率最高。     

复合胺改性尼龙6纤维染色性能的研究Ⅰ.染色工艺及其染色机理

在已内酰胺水解聚合时加入一定量的可反应型复合胺类改性剂(HAS),合成了含有胺类改性剂的尼龙6树脂,经纺丝后得到尼龙6纤维.研究了该改性剂及pH值、染色温度、时间等染色条件对尼龙6纤维染色性能的影响.结果表明:尼龙6纤维采用酸性AGL上染时,其染色性与染色条件有关;在相同的染色条件下,HAS改性尼龙6纤维的染料上染量均大于未改性样的上染量.由于酸性染料分子除了以范德华力和氢键的形式与纤维结合外,还会与纤维生成盐键结合,因此上染量的增加是由于改性后尼龙6纤维的端氨基增加的缘故.     

稀土改性尼龙66纤维染色性能研究

采用对比的方法,对稀土改性尼龙66纤维和普通尼龙66纤维的染色性能进行了研究。结果发现:稀土改性尼龙66纤维的上染率明显高于普通尼龙66纤维,对于各种染料上染率一般提高10%-20%,而且上染速度也快得多。这种改性纤维染色的皂洗牢度等于成稍高于普通尼龙66纤维,而日晒牢度基本上没有变化。另外染色织物的色调略有一些变化。其原因在于:这种稀土改性尼龙68纤维中,稀土离子的作用使染料与纤维之间的作用力增大,使染料更易于上染到纤维上,而且结合牢度增强。     

PET-PA/PA6共混纤维的酸性染料染色性能

为开发酸性染料可染改性聚酯(PET)纤维,将不同共聚比例的PET-聚酰胺(PA)共聚物与聚己内酰胺(PA6)以不同共混比例共混纺丝,制备PET-PA/PA6共混纤维,研究了PET-PA/PA6共混物的热性能、可纺性及共混纤维的酸性染料染色性能。结果表明:PET-PA/PA6共混物中,PET-PA与PA6在无定形区是部分相容的;PET-PA/PA6共混物具有良好的可纺性,其中PA嵌段和PA6共混质量分数均为20%(PET-PA-20/PA6-20)的共混纤维的断裂强度2.54 c N/dtex、断裂伸长率31.0%,满足后续加工的要求;PA嵌段和PA6共混质量分数均为10%(PET-PA-10/PA6-10)共混纤维采用酸性染料染色时,染浴p H值应控制在4.5~5.5;升高温度和延长染色时间都能提高PET-PA-10/PA6-10共混纤维的染料上染率;随PET-PA/PA6着共聚物中PA嵌段比例的增加,共混纤维染料上染率迅速增大,PET-PA-20/PA6-20共混纤维在100℃时,酸性染料上染率可达到99.03%。     

胶原蛋白/聚乙烯醇复合纤维酸性染料染色研究

将胶原蛋白与聚乙烯醇(PVA)进行共混纺丝,获得了胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维;研究了胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维中胶原蛋白含量和染色工艺对复合纤维酸性染料上染的影响;借助紫外可见分光光度计、扫描电镜、纤维电子强力仪等对复合纤维的上染率、截面形貌、力学性能、热水收缩性能等进行了表征.结果表明:胶原蛋白/PVA复合纤维中胶原蛋白...     

复合胺改性尼龙6纤维染色性能的研究 I.染色工艺及其染色机理

在己内酰胺水解聚合时加入一定量的可反应型复合胺类改性剂(HAS),合成出含有胺类改性剂的尼龙6树脂,经纺丝后得到尼龙6纤维。研究了该改性剂及pH值、染色温度、时间等染色条件对尼龙6纤维染色性能的影响。结果表明:尼龙6纤维采用酸性蓝AGL上染时,其染色性能与染色条件有关;在相同的染色条件下,HAS改性尼龙6纤维的染料上染量均大于未改性样的上染量。由于酸性染料分子除了以范德华力和氢键的形式与纤维结合外,还会与纤维生成盐键结合,因此上染量的增加是由于改性后尼龙6纤维的端氨基增加的缘故。     

水解条件对改性腈纶染色性能的影响

探讨了水解温度、氢氧化钠浓度和水解时间对改性腈纶的染色性能的影响。纤维水解后结构发生了变化,用阳离子染料上染水解纤维时,染料的平衡上染量有较大的提高。提高水解温度、增加氢氧化钠浓度和延长水解时间,均能提高改性腈纶的染色性能。考虑到纤维的力学性能,较为适宜的水解条件为氢氧化钠质量分数12％～15％,水解温度低于90℃,水解时间为12～15 min。     

Mechanisms and conditions that affect phase inversion processes: A review

The phenomenon of phase inversion occurs in liquid‐liquid dispersions found in a variety of chemical engineering fields. From simple oil‐water mixtures to complex polymeric systems, the operating variables that affect this physical phenomenon are discussed in this work. The contribution on this matter by a large number of researchers is critically assessed, outlining both coherent and conflicting results. A detailed review of the mechanisms by which phase inversion takes place is also provided. While this subject has been studied for the past 50 years, this multivariate nonlinear process is not yet comprehensively understood, and this review article aims to describe the conclusions so far reached to provide insight for future research.     

X-ray diffraction measurement of glass content in fly and slags

The purpose of this study is to develop an accurate procedure for measuring the glass content of some mineral wastes to assist in predicting their behaviour in concrete. Several X-ray diffraction methods were used for analyzing the source materials of this study. The present investigation involves only a quantitative X-ray diffraction (QXRD) method which is used to compute the mass percentages of α-quartz, mullite, magnetite and hematite, and the glass content by difference. The technique was improved in the course of this study. Glass contents determined with this method ranged from 53.5 to 94.5 per cent.     

小分子配体与蛋白质作用的荧光法研究进展

概述了近年来药物、毒物、微量元素等小分子及离子与蛋白质作用的荧光法研究新进展,展望了本领域的研究前景。     

全球石油石化业并购情况评述

阐述了世界石油石化业并购的新特点、并购活动的真正挑战——如何实现最终目标 ,分析了并购热潮的动因。     

双塔串联中间储罐液相交换精馏操作及模拟

提出了一种用中间储罐来实现双塔串联液相交换的操作方式,可以用来分离相对挥发度小的物系或是热敏性物系。通过对乙醇-异丙醇物系的分离试验,验证了该操作方式的可行性,并且构建了全回流过程和塔间液相交换过程的数学模型,通过对模型的求解和与试验结果对比,论证了该模型能比较真实地模拟双塔串联中间储罐液相交换过程。     

Efflorescence Resulting from Pyrite in Clay Raw Materials

In opening this investigation on the effect of pyrite on the efflorescence of structural clay products, the oxidation behavior of this sulfide was studied. The slow oxidation rate and the evolution of 2 moles of sulfur dioxide for every mole of pyrite present combined to make this impurity the major source of efflorescing salts. The retention of part of the sulfur dioxide by the clay material and the subsequent efflorescence tendency were found to depend on the composition, on the concentration of sulfurous gases, on the temperature of firing, on the time of firing, and on the duration of exposure to sulfur dioxide in the manufacturing process. The conditions necessary to reduce efflorescence from this source are described. The use of ammonium chloride to assist in the control of efflorescence was studied in detail.     

A discussion of the paper “Influence of pre-rusting on steel corrosion in concrete” by P. Novak, R. Mala, and L. Joska

The authors of this paper deserve to be congratulated for their study on the influence of pre-rusting on steel corrosion in concrete. The report of this kind of study is very scarce in the technical literatures. The topic of the study is very interesting as in the actual construction practice generally pre-rusted steel bars are used. We also are planning to do some study on this matter in the near future. After reading this article, we found that the authors did not provide/explain enough information/discussion related to the experimental setup and the experimental results. Further explanation on these matters will be very useful to us and also to other interested readers of the cement and concrete research journal.     

红外光谱标准加入法测定PC／ABS合金和ABS微结构组成

介绍用红外光谱标准加入法测定ＰＣ／ＡＢＳ合金和ＡＢＳ微结构组成。结果表明，该方法在标准样品难以获得或其他红外光谱定量方法难以定量测定样品时更能显示其优点，其结果与核磁共振测定结果相一致。     

Physical solubility of hydrogen sulfide in several aqueous solvents

The solubility of hydrogen sulfide in several aqueous solutions was measured over the temperature range 25°C to 60°C. The solvents investigated in this work include 0 to 50% aqueous solutions of polyethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, methyldiethanolamine and diethanolamine. The amine solutions used in this work were neutralized by the addition of hydrochloric acid in order to suppress the hydrogen sulfide reaction (H₂S → H⁺ + HS^?) so that only the physical solubility of hydrogen sulfide would be measured. The solubility data determined in this work are expressed in terms of Henry's law. The Henry's law constants found in this work were correlated well by a particularly simple empirical formula based on the molecular weight of the solvent.     

地炉煨弯在高压管道安装中的应用

在高压管道安装中用地炉煨弯,现场操作,煨弯尺寸灵活,操作简便,质量可靠。系统阻力小,压力稳定,降低了能耗。本文探讨其特点、适用范围、工艺原理及施工操作要点等。列举了三个应用实例,可见其经济效益显著,具有推广价值。