一种10bit 200MS/s电流型DAC设计

基于SMIC 0.18μm CMOS工艺,采用了具有电荷抽放技术的电流源结构,以及新型锁存电路产生同步控制信号.设计了一个10位精度的数模转换器(DAC),电源电压为1.8 V,在50负载条件下,DAC满量程输出电流为4mA.当采样频率为200 MHz,输入频率为5 MHz的情况下.满量程功耗为15 mw.微分非线性误差(DNL)为0.25 LSB,积分非线性误差(INL)为0.15 LSB,无杂散动态范围达到79.7 dB.     

一种新型电压电流混合加权12位DAC

设计并实现了一种双路12位电压输出型数模转换器(DAC)。采用“10+2”分段式结构,高10位采用开关树电阻串DAC架构,保证了DAC良好的单调性。低2位采用电流舵DAC架构,从整体上减小了DAC的面积。12位DAC未经修调即可实现12位转换精度。该DAC采用0.35 μm标准CMOS工艺实现,芯片尺寸为2.59 mm×2.09 mm。测试结果表明,在电源电压为5 V时,DAC的功耗为19.5 mW,DNL为-0.2 LSB,INL为-2.2 LSB,输出建立时间为2.5 μs。在采样频率为480 kS/s、输出频率为1 kHz的条件下,DAC的SFDR为65 dB。     

用于射频系统的10 MS/s 10位SAR A/D转换器

设计了一种用于射频系统的低功耗、中速中精度差分输入逐次逼近型(SAR)A/D转换器。采样完成后采用下极板对接的逻辑算法,10位SAR A/D转换器只需9位DAC即可满足其精度要求。DAC阵列采用分段电容结构,节省了芯片面积。比较器采用前置运算放大器加锁存器的结构,达到了同时兼顾速度和精度的要求。该A/D转换器芯片采用GSMC 0.13 μm 1P7M CMOS工艺制造,其核心电路尺寸为500 μm×360 μm,采用1.2 V的单电源供电。测试结果表明,当采样频率为10 MS/s,输入信号频率为2 MHz时,该SAR A/D转换器达到8.45位的有效精度,总功耗为2.17 mW;当采样频率为5 MS/s,输入信号频率为1 MHz时,该SAR A/D转换器达到8.75位的有效精度,总功耗为2.07 mW。     

一种10位电容电阻混合型双极性D/A转换器

在加速度计中,需要数模转换器(DAC)提供一个稳定的偏压来消除重力加速度,要求DAC具有高精度、单调性和小面积等特性。为了解决传统电阻型DAC存在的大面积和传统电容DAC中存在的非单调性等问题,提出了一种电容电阻混合型DAC结构,并设计了一个10位的DAC,用于提供稳定偏压。提出一种新的电容共质心的版图布局,提高了DAC的精度。该DAC在0.5μm CMOS工艺上得以验证实现,微分非线性误差(DNL)最大为0.50LSB,积分非线性误差(INL)最大为0.82LSB,在5V和-5V的双电源供电条件下,芯片功耗为16mW,完全满足了工程需求。     

一种基于65 nm CMOS工艺的10位10 MS/s SAR ADC

基于SMIC 65 nm CMOS工艺,设计了一种10位10 MS/s逐次逼近型模数转换器(SAR ADC)。采用全差分的R-C组合式DAC网络结构进行设计,提高了共模噪声抑制能力和转换精度。与全电容结构相比,R-C组合式DAC网络结构有效减小了版图面积。DAC中各开关的导通采用对称的开关时序,使比较器差分输入的共模电平保持为固定值,降低了比较器的失调电压,提高了ADC的线性度。在2.5 V模拟电源电压和1.2 V数字电源电压下,使用Spectre进行仿真验证,测得DNL为0.5 LSB,INL为0.8 LSB;在输入信号频率为4.990 2 MHz,采样频率为10 MHz的条件下,测得电路的有效位数为9.63位,FOM为0.04 pJ/conv。     

一种12位低功耗电阻串架构DAC

利用分段式电阻串结构,基于CMOS工艺设计了一款12位3.4 MHz低功耗数模转换器(DAC)芯片。结合建立速度和静态性能的设计指标,确定“5+7”式分段结构,在保证建立速度的条件下考虑到电阻的失配性,实现良好的微分非线性(DNL)和积分非线性(INL)特性。后仿真结果表明,在3.4 MHz速度下,常温下DNL为0.14 LSB,INL为1 LSB,在-40～125℃下,DNL为0.6 LSB,INL为2 LSB,并且表现出-84 dB的总谐波失真(THD),以及在3 V电压下378μW的极低功耗,版图面积缩小到1.09 mm×0.91 mm。     

1.8V 10位 50Ms/s低功耗流水线ADC的设计

采用每级1.5位精度的流水线结构,设计了一个10位50 Ms/ s的低功耗ADC.每级流水线所用的电容按比例缩小,大大地节省了功耗.同时提出了一种提高OTA压摆率的方法,进一步降低了电路的功耗,采用TSMC0.18μm CMOS工艺进行设计,结果表明该ADC在输入频率20MHz、采样速率50MHz下,SNR为59dB,DNL和INL分别为±0.4和±0.5 LSB,ADC的功耗为47mW.     

一种基于0.35μm CMOS工艺的14位100MSPS DAC设计

基于 TSMC 0 .3 5μm CMOS工艺设计了一种工作电压为 3 V/ 5 V的 1 4位 1 0 0 MSPS DAC。 1 4位DAC在 5 0 Ω负载条件下满量程电流可达 2 0 m A,当采样速率为 1 0 0 MHz时 ,5 V电源的满量程条件下功耗为1 90 m W,而 3 V时的相应功耗为 45 m W该 DAC的积分非线性误差 ( IN L )为± 1 .5 LSB,微分非线性误差( DN L)为± 0 .75 LSB。在 1 2 5 MSPS,输出频率为 1 0 MHz条件下的无杂波动态范围 ( SFDR)为 72 d Bc。     

一种轨至轨10位逐次逼近模数转换器的设计

设计了一款用于汽车电子MCU的轨至轨10位逐次逼近A/D转换器。采用单电容采样的DAC结构,保证A/D转换器的全摆幅输入范围。在后仿真验证中,采用频谱分析方法,标定寄生电容对DAC精度的影响,优化了版图结构。设计了片内低压差线性稳压器,提供稳定的电源电压信号。芯片采用GSMC 0.18μm 1P6M CMOS工艺实现。后仿真结果表明,在1.8V电源电压、51kHz输入信号频率、1MHz时钟频率下,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为73.596dB,有效位数(ENOB)达到9.78位,整体功耗2.24mW,满足汽车电子MCU的应用需求。     

一种10位100-MS/s CMOS流水折叠式A/D转换器

采用流水折叠结构设计了一种10位100-MSample/s A/D转换器。失调取消技术和电阻平均插值网络提高了转换器的线性度。级联结构放宽了折叠放大器的带宽要求,采用分布式级间跟踪保持放大器实现流水线技术来获得更高的转换精度。基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺的测试结果如下：INL和DNL的峰值分别为0.48 LSB and 0.33 LSB。输入电压范围VP-P为1.0 V,芯片面积2.29 mm2。100 MHz采样,20 MHz输入信号下,ENOB为9.59位,SNDR为59.5 dB,SFDR为82.49 dB。1.8V电源电压下功耗仅为95 mW。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks