The use of a perfluorocarbon emulsion in the local treatment of wounds complicated by a surgical infection

The article shows effectiveness of the local application of Perftoran in complex treatment of purulent wounds of soft tissues in 50 patients. Perftoran has no necrolytic and antibacterial properties and fails to make the terms of the 1st phase of the wound process shorter. Perftoran maintains the intensified development of young cell elements at different periods of healing of the purulent wounds, decreases the propagation of microorganisms in them, lessens the wound square surface, results in earlier development of marginal epithelialization and formation of the elastic cicatrix.     

The effect of local chemical sympathectomy of the rat uterus on its sensitivity to sex hormones

Chemical sympathectomy of the rat uterus did not alter the main metabolic processes maintaining the uterus weight even though it changed its response to sex steroids. Sensitivity of endo- and myometrium to progesterone significantly decreased thus inducing a relative increase in the estradiol action.     

The mechanism of Bodian's silver staining: effect of copper ion on silver impregnation

We studied the effect of the duration (0.5-48 h) of silver impregnation on the intensity of Bodian's silver staining using formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of a human brain. The silver ion (Ag+) and copper ion (Cu2+) in the silver protein solution were quantified simultaneously for treatments of various durations. Both the intensity of staining and the quantities of Ag+ and Cu2+ were greatly affected by the duration of silver impregnation. While the quantity of Ag+ considerably decreased during the first 4 h of impregnation, that of Cu2+ greatly increased. Only small changes were observed in both ions after 12 h. Neurofibrils or axons, and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were clearly stained after 12-24 and 16-48 h of impregnation, respectively. Strong staining of these components was not observed for other durations of treatment. The amount of metallic copper in silver impregnation also affected both the intensity of staining and the quantities of Ag+ and Cu2+ in the silver protein solution. Ag+ and Cu2+ were also present in the gold trichloride acid solution in which the section was toned. These findings suggest that both Cu2+ derived from metallic copper and silver protein are deposited on sections during silver impregnation, that the amount of Cu2+ may determine the amount of silver protein deposited on the section, and that the reduced (metallic) form of silver and copper on the section may participate in gold toning. Thus, to achieve strong staining of a desired component, it is important to examine the conditions of silver impregnation (i.e. duration and amount of metallic copper). For strong staining of neurofibrils, axons and NFTs, optimal results are obtained by the addition of 5 g of metallic copper foil to 100 ml of 1% silver protein solution, and by 16-24 h of impregnation.     

高含量银对活性炭从硫脲溶液中吸附金的影响

研究表明高含量银离子的存在将大大降低活性炭从硫脲体系中吸附金的吸附速率和吸附容量。这主要是由于大量银离子阻碍了金在溶液中的扩散以及金在活性炭上吸附过程的进行 ,同时少量银离子以大分子络合物的形式被吸附并占据了较大的活性炭表面所造成的。     

Evidence for a local action of melatonin on the rat prostate

Inflammatory bowel disease is a quite severe chronic inflammation, treated mainly by immunosuppression, which often has serious side effects. As CD44 is important in lymphocyte activation and migration, we asked whether Abs against CD44 isoforms influence trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in mice. A lethal colitis (73/111 mice) could be prevented in 69 of 97 mice by anti-CD44v7 (CD44 variant isoform v7), whereas anti-CD44s (CD44 standard isoform) and anti-CD44v6 had no effect. Upon receiving anti-CD44v7 after the disease had been fully exacerbated, >90% of the mice recovered. TNBS plus anti-CD44v7-treated mice developed early signs of inflammation, with infiltration of leukocytes in the lamina propria and increased IFN-gamma production. However, while control mice developed a severe pancolitis, the intestine fully regenerated in anti-CD44v7-treated mice. Locally and systemically, a strong increase in IL-10 production was noted. Thus, anti-CD44v7 can be regarded as a highly efficient and specific therapeutic reagent in chronic colitis, which probably functions by regulating an overshooting Th1 reaction.     

The effect of antimony on sintering and grain growth in silver

The influence of a solute addition (1.16 wt pct Sb) on the sintering behavior of spherical silver powder was found to be variable during the different stages of the sintering process. The shrinkage rate of the silver may be either enhanced or decreased by the presence of Sb, apparently dependent upon the dominant diffusion mechanism. The addition of a solute (Sb) to Ag restricts grain growth in fully dense Ag, but increases both the shrinkage and grain growth rates in the later stages of sintering. A comparison of the present sinter-ing and grain growth data with Beeré’s analysis of the intermediate stage of sintering in-dicates that the evolution of grain structure is related to the evolution of the pore struc-ture. Formerly a graduate student with the Dept. of Metallurgy and Materials Science, Univ. of Toronto     

The effect of infrared laser radiation of different frequencies on the healing of skin wounds

In experiments on white rat males it was established that infrared laser radiation (frequency 500 Hz) was more potent in stimulating repair of skin wounds than 3000 Hz radiation. This manifested in enhanced proliferative activity of fibroblasts and epithelial cells, decreased areas of the wound.     

The effect of microwave irradiation time on appearance properties of silver nanoparticles

In this paper, synthesis of silver nanostructures was carried out via microwave (MW) irradiation technique in alcoholic media (polyols vis). When silver nitrate is reduced by ethylene glycol, In the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidon (PVP), polygonal silver nanoparticles will produce in a short time. The results were that shown some parameters such as temperature, irradiation time, concentration of AgNO₃ and PVP and type of the irradiation cycle have important roles on determining of particle size and morphology of the final products. Also, the effect of MW irradiation time has been studied by transmission electron microscope (TEM) and UV.VIS analyses on the morphology and particles size. TEM observations reveal the fact that the size of silver nanoparticles is estimated to be significantly smaller than 22 nm.     

Explant test with skin and peritoneum of the neonatal rat as a predictive test of tolerance of local anti-infective agents in wounds and body cavities

Müllerian inhibiting substance (MIS), alpha-inhibin, and CD99 are expressed by normal and neoplastic sex cord and stromal gonadal derivatives. The expression of MIS, inhibin, and CD99 was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in a series of 19 sex cord-stromal tumors and seven ovarian endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors. Normal ovaries and testes from patients with the androgen insensitivity syndrome were used as control. All three markers were detected in primordial ovarian follicles and immature seminiferous tubules. Both inhibin and MIS were expressed by all sex cord-stromal tumors, but inhibin immunostaining appeared stronger and more diffusely distributed. CD99 was expressed by all adult and juvenile granulosa cell tumors, but only focally by Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors. In Sertoli-Leydig cell tumors, the three markers were predominantly expressed by the Sertoli cells. None of the seven endometrioid carcinomas with a sex cord-stromal pattern was positive for MIS or inhibin; two of them reacted for CD99, but their staining patterns were not membranous. Inhibin immunoreactivity was also detected in foci of stromal luteinization, occasionally present in these tumors. MIS, inhibin, and CD99 are potentially useful markers in the differential diagnosis between sex cord-stromal tumors and endometrioid carcinomas resembling sex cord-stromal tumors.     

The effects of severe scald on the Leydig cells of testes in rats

The changes in Leydig cells of testes were studied in rats inflicted with 30% third degree scald. Light and electron microscopy, enzyme histochemistry of 3 beta-hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) determination of the relative activity of 3 beta-HSD, and assay of serum testosterone and luteinizing hormone (LH) were dynamically made for 30 days. It was found that there was various degree of degeneration and necrosis of Leydig cells. The activity of 3 beta-HSD in Leydig cells was rapidly reduced and remained at a relatively low level on the 30th day after scald. The serum level of testosterone was decreased rapidly and remained at a comparatively low level on the 30th day after scald. No significant changes in serum luteinizing hormone were observed. The results suggest that decreased in serum testosterone after scald might be the result of damage of the Leydig cells and increase in glucocorticoids.     

羧甲基壳聚糖银的制备及对大鼠牙槽骨吸收的影响

经碱化、氯乙酸修饰和离子交换制备了羧甲基壳聚糖银(CMCT-Ag+),根据吸附前后溶液中金属离子浓度的变化计算吸附量,通过改变反应时间、取代度、温度和pH值测定了羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCT)对Ag+的吸附影响;另外,通过大鼠牙槽骨吸收模型分别检测了不同浓度的CMCT+-Ag+对大鼠牙槽骨吸收(ABL)的影响.结果表明:CMCT-Ag+收率为92.4%,取代度为0.98,Ag+含量为10.21%.CMCT-Ag+为粉红色粉末,不溶于水和乙醇,但溶于稀酸.络合反应时间对Ag+吸附量影响不大;而升温有利于吸附;Ag+吸附量随-COOH取代度的增加而增大;当溶液pH值达到5～7时,CMCT与Ag+络合程度趋于最大.表明环境因素影响CMCT-Ag+的络合,而控制实验条件可促进Ag+的络合.牙槽骨吸收实验结果证明,大于100.0 mg/kg的CMCT-Ag+具有较好的修复大鼠牙槽骨吸收的作用,这为进一步的临床应用奠定了实验基础.     

The effect of deferoxamine on ciprofibrate-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in the rat

A 74-year-old woman was hospitalised for pleuro-pneumonia of the right base. The chest x-ray showed the presence of a right paratracheal opacity which persisted during the course of the infectious episode. A computed tomographic scan of the thorax showed a voluminous anterior mediastinal mass which compressed the trachea without invading it. Surgical excision enabled the ablation of a tumour which was haemorrhagic and the histological examination established a diagnosis of cystic parathyroid adenoma. At anytime did the patient present either clinical symptoms or biochemical signs suggesting primary hyperparathyroidism.     

化学还原法中制备条件对超细银粉形貌的影响

以AgNO3为原料,抗坏血酸为还原剂,明胶或油酸为高分子保护剂,通过化学还原法制备超细银粉.考察了酸碱度pH值、保护剂种类、催化剂等反应条件对超细银粉形貌的影响.结果表明,反应酸碱度条件对银粉颗粒形貌有决定性影响.当pH值为2时,银粉颗粒为片状;pH值为4时,银粉颗粒为树枝状;pH值为7时,银粉颗粒为类球形.明胶的加入可促进银离子的还原,也更有利于得到形状规则的球形银粉.NH4OH作为催化剂对银粉颗粒的形貌也有一定的影响.     

The effect of aging on rat liver regeneration

The effect of age on hepatocyte mensuration and mitotic activity 48 h after partial hepatectomy was investigated in rats. Both age and partial hepatectomy had significant effects upon hepatocyte counts per microscopic field. The number of hepatocytes per microscopic field declined with age in the control groups of different advancing ages and in the experimental groups of advancing ages. There was essentially no mitotic activity in the livers of the control groups. However, mitotic counts were greatly increased in livers from those animals that were partially Hepatectomized; the increase in mitotic activity in the 13-month-old animals was double over that observed in both the very young and the very old.     

The visuo-motor pathway in the local circuit of the rat superior colliculus

Intrinsic circuit of the superior colliculus (SC), in particular the pathway from the optic tract (OT) to neurons in the intermediate layer (SGI), was investigated by whole-cell patch-clamp recording in slice preparations obtained from 17- to 24-d-old rats. Stimulation of the OT induced monosynaptic EPSPs in neurons in the superficial gray layer (SGS) and the optic layer (SO), and disynaptic or polysynaptic EPSPs in a majority of SGI neurons. Stimulation of the SGS induced monosynaptic or oligosynaptic EPSPs in the SGI neurons. Both the monosynaptic EPSPs induced in the SGS/SO neurons by stimulation of the OT and those induced in the SGI neurons by stimulation of the SGS were mediated by AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors. Thus, we have clarified the existence of the glutamatergic excitatory pathway from the OT to the SGI neurons via SGS and SO neurons. The EPSPs in the SGI neurons induced by stimulation of the OT or SGS were remarkably enhanced by bicuculline, suggesting that the signal transmission in this pathway is under strong suppression by the GABAergic system.     

The effect of subacute administration of a neem pesticide on rat metabolic enzymes

Dual search coils were used to record horizontal, vertical and torsional eye movement components of one eye during nystagmus caused by off-center yaw rotation (yaw centrifugation). Both normal healthy human subjects (n=7) and patients with only one functioning labyrinth (n=12) were studied in order to clarify how the concomitant linear acceleration affected the nystagmus response. Each subject was seated with head erect on the arm of a fixed-chair human centrifuge, 1 m away from the center of the rotation, and positioned to be facing along a radius; either towards (facing-in) or away from (facing-out) the center of rotation. Both yaw right and yaw left angular accelerations of 10 degrees s(-2) from 0 to 200 degrees/s were studied. During rotation a centripetal linear acceleration (increasing from 0 to 1.24xg units) was directed along the subject's naso-occipital axis resulting in a shift of the resultant angle of the gravitoinertial acceleration (GIA) of 51 degrees in the subject's pitch plane and an increase in the total GIA magnitude from 1.0 to 1.59xg. In normal subjects during the angular acceleration off-center there were, in addition to the horizontal eye velocity components, torsional and vertical eye velocities present. The magnitude of these additional components, although small, was larger than observed during similar experiments with on-center angular acceleration (Haslwanter et al. 1996), and the change in these components is attributed to the additional effect of the linear acceleration stimulation. In the pitch plane the average size of the shift of the axis of eye velocity (AEV) during the acceleration was about 8 degrees for a 51 degrees shift of the GIA (around 16% of the GIA shift) so that the AEV-GIA alignment was inadequate. There was a very marked difference in the size of the AEV shift depending on whether the person was facing-in [AEV shift forward (i.e. non-compensatory) of about 4 degrees] or facing-out [AEV shift forward (i.e. compensatory) of around 12 degrees]. The linear acceleration decreased the time constant of decay of the horizontal component of the post-rotatory nystagmus: from an average of 24.8 degrees/s facing-in to an average of 11.3 degrees/s facing-out. The linear acceleration dumps torsional eye velocity in an manner analogous to, but independent of, the dumping of horizontal eye velocity. Patients with UVD had dramatically reduced torsional eye velocities for both facing-in and facing-out headings, and there was little if any shift of the AEV in UVD patients. The relatively small effects of linear acceleration on human canal-induced nystagmus found here confirms other recent studies in humans (Fetter et al. 1996) in contrast to evidence from monkeys and emphasizes the large and important differences between humans and monkeys in otolith-canal interaction. Our results confirm the vestibular control of the axis of eye velocity of humans is essentially head-referenced whereas in monkeys that control is essentially space-referenced.     

The effect of frusemide on oxytocin-induced contractions of the rat myometrium

Oxytocin-induced contractions of isolated strips of oestradiol-treated rat myometrium were found to be affected by exposure to the diuretic frusemide. At a concentration of 20 microM. frusemide transiently increased the force of contraction over a period of approximately 10 min. After this time there was a progressive fall in contractile force. At a higher concentration of 200 microM, only the progressive fall in force was seen until contractions were completely abolished. Frusemide has been reported to increase the activity of cAMP-phosphodiesterase in tissue extracts from oestradiol-treated rat myometrium. Therefore, the changes in contraction due to exposure to frusemide may be a reflection of the changes in intracellular cAMP resulting from a stimulation of cAMP-phosphodiesterase activity. In support of this idea, addition of dibutyryl cAMP was found to partially restore contractions after frusemide treatment. These data suggest that frusemide may be a useful tool in the manipulation of tissue cAMP levels in order to determine the different roles of cAMP in the oestradiol-treated rat myometrium.     

The effect of flumazenil on CNS oxygen toxicity in the rat

The effect of afferent cutaneous electrical stimulation on the spasticity of leg muscles was studied in 20 patients with chronic hemiplegia after stroke. Stimulation electrodes were placed over the sural nerve of the affected limb. The standard method of cutaneous stimulation, TENS with impulse frequency of 100 Hz, was applied. The tonus of the leg muscles was measured by means of an electrohydraulic measuring brace. The EMG stretch reflex activity of the tibialis anterior and triceps surae muscles was detected by surface electrodes and recorded simultaneously with the measured biomechanical parameters. In 18 out of 20 patients, a mild but statistically significant decrease in resistive torques at all frequencies of passive ankle movements was recorded following 20 min of TENS application. The decrease in resistive torque was often (but not always) accompanied by a decrease in reflex EMG activity. This effect of TENS persisted up to 45 min after the end of TENS. The results of the study support the hypothesis that TENS applied to the sural nerve may induce short-term post-stimulation inhibitory effects on the abnormally enhanced stretch reflex activity in spasticity of cerebral origin.