Decentralized control of a class of large-scale nonlinear systems using neural networks

This paper designs a decentralized neural network (NN) controller for a class of nonlinear large-scale systems, in which strong interconnections are involved. NNs are used to handle unknown functions. The proposed scheme is proved guaranteeing the boundedness of the closed-loop subsystems using only local feedback signals.     

The nonlinear model-predictive control of a chemical plant using multiple neural networks

A combination of multiple neural networks (NNs) is selected and used to model nonlinear multi-input multi-output (MIMO) processes with time delays. An optimisation procedure for a nonlinear model-predictive control (MPC) algorithm based on this model is then developed. The proposed scheme has been applied and evaluated for two example problems, including the MPC of a multi-component distillation column.     

Artificial neural networks in process estimation and control

In this contribution, the suitability of the artificial neural network methodology for solving some process engineering problems is discussed. First the concepts involved in the formulation of artificial neural networks are presented. Next the suitability of the technique to provide estimates of difficult to measure quality variables is demonstrated by application to industrial data. Measurements from established instruments are used as secondary variables for estimation of the “primary” quality variables. The advantage of using these estimates for feedback control is then demonstrated. The possibility of using neural network models directly within a model-based predictive control strategy is also considered, making use of an on-line optimization routine to determine the future inputs that will minimize the deviations between the desired and predicted outputs. Control is implemented in a receding horizon fashion. Application of the predictive controller to a nonlinear distillation system is used to indicate the potential of the neural network based control philosophy.     

Adaptive L_2 control of nonlinear systems using neural networks

An adaptive neural network controller is developed to achieve output-tracking of a class of nonlinear systems. The global L2 stability of the closed-loop system is established. The proposed control design overcomes the limitation of the conventional adaptive neural control design where the modeling error brought by neural networks is assumed to be bounded over a compact set. Moreover,the generalized matching conditions are also relaxed in the proposed L2 control design as the gains for the external disturbances entering the system are allowed to have unknown upper bounds.     

Nonlinear multivariable adaptive control using multiple models and neural networks

In this paper, a multivariable adaptive control approach is proposed for a class of unknown nonlinear multivariable discrete-time dynamical systems. By introducing a k-difference operator, the nonlinear terms of the system are not required to be globally bounded. The proposed adaptive control scheme is composed of a linear adaptive controller, a neural-network-based nonlinear adaptive controller and a switching mechanism. The linear controller can assure boundedness of the input and output signals, and the neural network nonlinear controller can improve performance of the system. By using the switching scheme between the linear and nonlinear controllers, it is demonstrated that improved performance and stability can be achieved simultaneously. Theory analysis and simulation results are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Neural networks for control systems—A survey

This paper focuses on the promise of artificial neural networks in the realm of modelling, identification and control of nonlinear systems. The basic ideas and techniques of artificial neural networks are presented in language and notation familiar to control engineers. Applications of a variety of neural network architectures in control are surveyed. We explore the links between the fields of control science and neural networks in a unified presentation and identify key areas for future research.     

Applying neural networks to on-line updated PID controllers for nonlinear process control

The inherent time-varying nonlinearity and complexity usually exist in chemical processes. The design of control structure should be properly adjusted based on the current state. In this paper, an improved conventional PID control scheme using linearization through a specified neural network is developed to control nonlinear processes. The linearization of the neural network model is used to extract the linear model for updating the controller parameters. In the scheme of the optimal tuning PID controller, the concept of general minimum variance and constrained criterias are also considered. In order to meet most of the practical application problems, several variations of the proposed method, including the momentum filter, the updating criterion and the adjustment of the step size of the control action, are presented to make the proposed algorithm more practical. To demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed strategies, two simulation problems, including a pH neutralization and a batch reactor, are applied.     

A review of neural networks for statistical process control

This paper aims to take stock of the recent research literature on application of Neural Networks (NNs) to the analysis of Shewhart's traditional Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts. First appearing in the late 1980s, most of the literature claims success, great or small, in applying NNs for SPC (NNSPC). These efforts are viewed in this paper as useful steps towards automatic on-line SPC for continuous improvement of quality and for real-time manufacturing process control. A standard NN approach that can parallel the universality of the traditional Shewhart charts has not yet been developed or adopted, although knowledge in this area is rapidly increasing. This paper attempts to provide a practical insight into the issues involved in application of NNs to SPC with the hope of advancing the use of NN techniques and facilitating their adoption as a new and useful aspect of SPC. First, a brief review of control chart analysis prior to the introduction of NN technology is presented. This is followed by an examination and classification of the NNSPC existing literature. Next, an extensive discussion of implementation issues with reference to significant research papers is presented. Finally, after summarising the survey, a set of general guidelines for future applications of NNs to SPC is outlined.     

改进的小波神经网络在桥梁损伤中的预测研究

提出基于BP算法的小波神经网络改进算法。仿真结果表明它避免了BP 神经网络结构设计的盲目性和局部最优等非线性优化问题,简化了训练,具有较强的函数学习能力和推广能力。该算法成功应用于桥梁损伤预测,具有广泛的应用前景。     

无监督神经网络在游戏中的应用研究——解决游戏中的障碍物绕行问题

使用无监督神经网络解决了游戏中的障碍物绕行问题（obstacle avoidance）。使用遗传算法实现了无监督机制,该方法通过最优化适应度来改进神经网络的权值,使得神经网络得到最佳的输出值;利用以智能体（Agent）中心为出发点的5条射线模拟传感器（Sensor）,通过检测5条射线与障碍物边界的相交情况来感知环境。经过768代的进化,遗传算法种群最优适应度和平均适应度都有了明显提高,同时绕行成功率从12.5%上升到85%。     

B-spline backstepping control with derivative matrix estimation and its applications

A B-spline backstepping controller is proposed for a class of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) nonlinear systems. The control scheme incorporates the backstepping design technique with a B-spline neural network which is utilized to estimate the system dynamics. The B-spline neural network has the advantage of locally controlling its output behavior compared with other neural networks; therefore, it is very suitable to online estimate the system dynamics by tuning its interior parameters, including control points and knot points. Based on the mean-value theorem, the derivative of B-spline basis functions in relation to parameters can be estimated to online adjust these parameters. In addition, the validity of the proposed scheme is verified through an experiment on a servo motor system which is controlled by the output voltage of the Buck DC-DC converter.     

Dissipative-based adaptive neural control for nonlinear systems

A dissipative-based adaptive neural control scheme was developed for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with unknown nonlinearities that might not be linearly parameterized. The major advantage of the present work was to relax the requirement of matching condition, i.e., the unknown nonlinearities appear on the same equation as the control input in a state-space representation, which was required in most of the available neural network controllers. By synthesizing a state-feedback neural controller to make the closed-loop system dissipative with respect to a quadratic supply rate, the developed control scheme guarantees that the L2-gain of controlled system was less than or equal to a prescribed level. And then, it is shown that the output tracking error is uniformly ultimate bounded. The design scheme is illustrated using a numerical simulation.     

基于郭涛算法的演化神经网络

提出了一种新的演化神经网络算法GTEANN,该算法基于高效的郭涛算法,同时完成在网络结构空间和权值空间的搜索,以实现前馈神经网络的自动化设计。本方法采用的编码方案直观有效,基于该编码表示,神经网络的学习过程是一个复杂的混合整实数非线性规划问题,例如杂交操作包括网络的同构和规整处理。初步实验结果表明该方法收敛,能够达到根据训练样本自动优化设计多层前馈神经网络的目的。     

基于脉冲耦合神经网络的混沌控制

根据脉冲耦合神经网络(PCNN)能产生混沌现象,研究了对配置混沌PCNN系统的李雅普诺夫指数使其稳定于期望点的方法。根据特定期望点的情况,按需要配置负的李雅普诺夫指数,产生不同的控制序列来改变混沌PCNN系统,达到稳定控制的要求。仿真和实验结果证明了该算法的有效性,实现了混沌PCNN系统从混沌状态到稳定期望点的控制。     

Intelligent process control using neural fuzzy techniques

In this paper, we combine the advantages of fuzzy logic and neural network techniques to develop an intelligent control system for processes having complex, unknown and uncertain dynamics. In the proposed scheme, a neural fuzzy controller (NFC), which is constructed by an equivalent four-layer connectionist network, is adopted as the process feedback controller. With a derived learning algorithm, the NFC is able to learn to control a process adaptively by updating the fuzzy rules and the membership functions. To identify the input–output dynamic behavior of an unknown plant and therefore give a reference signal to the NFC, a shape-tunable neural network with an error back-propagation algorithm is implemented. As a case study, we implemented the proposed algorithm to the direct adaptive control of an open-loop unstable nonlinear CSTR. Some important issues were studied extensively. Simulation comparison with a conventional static fuzzy controller was also performed. Extensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme appears to be a promising approach to the intelligent control of complex and unknown plants, which is directly operational and does not require any a priori system information.     

Cooperative control of multiple neural networks for an indoor blimp robot

We report on the cooperative control of multiple neural networks for an indoor blimp robot. In our research group, the indoor blimp robot has been studied to achieve various flying robot applications. The objective of this article is to propose a robust controller that can adapt to mechanical accidents such as the breakdown of propellers. In our proposed method, each propeller thrust is independently calculated by a small neural network. We confirm the advantage of the proposed method against the control by a single large neural network. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Adaptive neural network control for a class of uncertain nonlinear systems in pure-feedback form

A procedure is developed for the design of adaptive neural network controller for a class of SISO uncertain nonlinear systems in pure-feedback form. The design procedure is a combination of adaptive backstepping and neural network based design techniques. It is shown that, under appropriate assumptions, the solution of the closed-loop system is uniformly ultimately bounded.     

Multivariable predictive control of a pressurized tank using neural networks

The behavior of a multivariable predictive control scheme based on neural networks applied to a model of a nonlinear multivariable real process, consisting of a pressurized tank is investigated in this paper. The neural scheme consists of three neural networks; the first is meant for the identification of plant parameters (identifier), the second one is for the prediction of future control errors (predictor) and the third one, based on the two previous, compute the control input to be applied to the plant (controller). The weights of the neural networks are updated on-line, using standard and dynamic backpropagation. The model of the nonlinear process is driven to an operation point and it is then controlled with the proposed neural control scheme, analyzing the maximum range over the neural control works properly.     

Multiple models switching control based on recurrent neural networks

This paper presents a novel approach in designing adaptive controller to improve the transient performance for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems under different operating modes. The proposed scheme consists of generalized minimum variance (GMV) controllers and a compensating controller. GMV controllers are based on the known nominal linear multiple models, while the compensating controller is based upon a recurrent neural network. The adaptation law of network weight is derived from Lyapunov stability theory. A suitable switching control strategy is applied to choose the best controller by the performance indices at every sampling instant. Simulations are discussed in order to illustrate the merits of the proposed method.