Mg-Nd、Mg-Gd和Mg-Sb二元镁合金的组织和力学性能

研究了具有三种不同固溶特征的二元镁合金Mg-1.4Nd(C1)、Mg-1.4Gd(C2)和Mg-1.4Sb(C3)的铸态、热处理态和挤压态显微组织和拉伸性能。结果表明:C1和C2合金在铸态下均为单相固溶体,C2合金有少量孪晶产生,C3镁合金铸态组织为初生晶+共晶,其共晶形态为点状共晶(α+Mg3Sb2),3种镁合金挤压态组织均发生动态再结晶。C1合金的抗拉强度最高,为296.8 MPa,C2合金的挤压成形所需温度最高为470℃,C3的伸长率最高,为16.5%。     

热处理对Mg-Li-Zn-Zr系镁合金组织及性能影响

研究了Mg-Li-Zn-Zr镁合金和添加钇、镧错铈混合稀土的Mg-Li-Zn-Zr-Y-LPC镁合金的显微组织和力学性能特点,以及热处理对两种镁锂合金显微组织和力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:铸态Mg-7．13Li-3．92Zn-1Zr合金主要由α-Mg相、θ’相(MgLi2Zn)组成;添加混合稀土后,铸态Mg-8．16Li-4．10Zn-2．86Y-0．59Zr-2．14LPC合金主要由Li、Zn和RE在Mg中的固溶体和Mg-Li-Zn-RE块状化合物共同组成。对铸态Mg-Li-Zn-Zr合金均化处理后,合金的θ’相转变为更为稳定的θ相(MgLiZn),并且均化处理可以明显提高铸态Mg-7．13Li-3．92Zn-1Zr合金的力学性能。另外,氢化处理也可以明显提高铸态Mg-Li-Zn-Y-Zr-LPC合金的力学性能。     

退火对CrCuFeMnTi高熵合金组织结构和力学性能的影响

为了研究退火处理对CrCuFeMnTi高熵合金组织结构和力学性能的影响,通过真空电弧熔炼法在氩气保护下制备了铸态合金,在不同温度下对合金进行退火处理,观察其组织结构并进行力学性能测试。结果表明:铸态CrCuFeMnTi高熵合金由1个密排六方和1个面心立方结构固溶体构成,形成由枝晶相和枝晶间相组成的典型枝晶组织形貌;合金在750℃以下退火时,主要以元素的扩散和组织的均匀化为主,经过900℃等温退火处理后,合金中密排六方结构的固溶体逐渐转变成体心立方结构固溶体,该相变过程是由元素扩散引起及控制的;经过750℃以下的退火处理后,合金的硬度和断裂强度均有所提高,但断裂行为均表现出脆性特征。     

Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Mg-2Y-xZn (x=1, 2, 3 at%) Alloys

研究了Mg-2Y-xZn(x=1,2,3 at%)合金在铸态、退火态和挤压态的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:随着合金中Zn含量的增加,合金显微组织中第二相依次为18R-LPSO相、(LPSO+W)混合物和W相。在退火过程中,层片状的14H-LPSO结构析出并沿块状18R-LPSO结构向基体中生长,W相由铸态时弯曲的条纹状转变为颗粒状。经过挤压变形后,LPSO结构和W相均沿挤压方向排列,合金性能得到大幅度提高,其中Mg-2Y-1Zn合金具有最好的室温力学性能,抗拉强度为320 MPa,延伸率达到11.2%。     

Mg-2Y-xZn(x=1,2,3at%)合金的显微组织与力学性能（英文）

研究了Mg-2Y-xZn(x=1,2,3 at%)合金在铸态、退火态和挤压态的显微组织与力学性能。结果表明:随着合金中Zn含量的增加,合金显微组织中第二相依次为18R-LPSO相、(LPSO+W)混合物和W相。在退火过程中,层片状的14H-LPSO结构析出并沿块状18R-LPSO结构向基体中生长,W相由铸态时弯曲的条纹状转变为颗粒状。经过挤压变形后,LPSO结构和W相均沿挤压方向排列,合金性能得到大幅度提高,其中Mg-2Y-1Zn合金具有最好的室温力学性能,抗拉强度为320 MPa,延伸率达到11.2%。     

Nd对铸态及轧制态Mg-Zn-Y合金组织及性能的影响

在Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y合金中添加不同含量(0、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%)的稀土元素Nd,研究其对Mg-3.5Zn-0.6Y合金铸态及轧制态显微组织与力学性能的影响。结果表明,添加0.4%、0.8%的Nd的合金晶粒较细小,呈等轴晶,并且含有Mg41Nd5和Mg24Y5相。镁合金在热轧时第二相被破碎,晶粒变得更加细小。铸态合金经400℃×12h扩散退火,轧制态合金经400℃×0.5h退火后抗拉强度及伸长率最大,分别为234MPa、14.6%和265MPa、11.7%。     

一种Al-Mg-Si-Cu-Mn合金铸态及均匀化退火组织研究

采用金相显微镜(OM)及能谱仪(EDS),研究了Al-0.9Mg-0.9Si-0.6Cu-0.6Mn合金的铸态及其均匀化后的组织,并对合金的铸态组织及均匀化退火过程中相的演化进行了分析.结果表明:合金的铸态组织中存在大量的网状化合物和球状析出物,分别是α-Al+Ai(MnFe)3Si2的共品体和富铜相.均匀化退火过程中,随均匀化退火温度的升高,网状结构α-Al+Al(MnFe)3Si2的共晶体逐渐变成球状细小颗粒Al(MnFe)3Si2相,材料的微观组织得到改善.经560℃×6 h退火,均匀化过程基本完成,品粒未发生明显的粗化.     

β相区凝固的铸造γ-TiAl基合金的微观组织(英文)

采用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)及差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究Ti-43Al-4Nb铸态合金及其热处理态合金的显微组织以及相转变行为。结果表明:通过从β相区凝固的方法可以获得组织细小的铸态Ti-43Al-4Nb合金;凝固过程中γ晶能够直接从β相中形核,β相与γ相沿初始α晶界共存,有效地抑制了铸态Ti-43Al-4Nb合金晶粒的长大;Ti-43Al-4Nb合金在凝固过程中的相转变顺序为L→L+β→β→α+β→α+βr→α+γ+βr→(α2+γ)片层+γ+βr;经1250℃、16h热处理后,Ti-43Al-4Nb合金的显微组织与铸态组织相比有一定程度的粗化;由于Nb元素的充分扩散以及β相的非平衡状态,经过上述热处理过程后残余β相能够被完全消除。     

砂型铸造Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能

通过金相观察(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)、显微维氏硬度测试与拉伸测试研究了砂型铸造Mg-9Gd-4Y-0.5Zr合金的微观组织和力学性能。结果表明:铸态GW94合金主要由等轴晶琢-Mg固溶体、晶界处的共晶相Mg24(Gd,Y)_5以及少量的方块相Mg_5(Gd,Y)组成,优化后的固溶处理工艺为525℃伊6 h。固溶后的组织主要由琢-Mg过饱和固溶体、铸态残留相Mg_5(Gd,Y)以及固溶过程形成的方块相组成。GW94合金具有极高的时效硬化响应能力,250℃时效18 h后即达到峰值硬度(HV122)。室温拉伸时,峰值时效态合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度分别为300MPa和247 MPa,而伸长率仅为0.9%。250℃以内拉伸时,抗拉强度均高于300 MPa,表现出极佳的耐热性能,而且出现了抗拉强度随温度升高而升高的反常力学行为,这可能是由于茁忆相与位错相互作用所致。峰值时效态合金断裂机制由室温的穿晶断裂为主转变为高温的沿晶断裂。     

Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr合金的显微组织与力学性能

对Mg-3Nd-0.2Zn-0.4Zr(NZ30K)合金铸态、固溶态(T4)和时效态(T6)的显微组织、室温力学性能和断裂行为进行了研究。研究结果表明,NZ30K合金铸态时由α-Mg与分布在晶界的Mg12Nd相组成;固溶处理态时由过饱和α-Mg固溶体和晶粒内部细小的含Zr化合物组成;时效处理态时细小片状析出相从棱柱面析出,同时晶粒内部细小的含Zr化合物仍然存在。不同的时效处理工艺下时效析出相种类不同,200℃峰值时效态时为β″亚稳相,250℃×10h时效态时为β′亚稳相。合金经过200℃峰值时效处理后具有最佳的室温力学性能,屈服强度、抗拉强度和伸长率分别为142MPa、305MPa、11%。合金的断裂方式与其状态有关,铸态合金以沿晶断裂为主,固溶处理态和200℃峰值时效态合金以穿晶解理断裂为主,250℃×10h时效态合金为穿晶和沿晶混合型断裂。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.