电池正极材料Li3V2-2x/3Mnx（PO4）3/C的制备及性能研究

以V2O5、NH4H2PO4、Li2CO3、(CH3COO)2Mn.4H2O原料,以葡萄糖和抗坏血酸为复合还原剂及碳源,通过常温还原-低温烧结法制备锂离子电池正极材料Li3V(2-2x/3)Mnx(PO4)3/C(x=0,0.03,0.06,0.09,0.12)。通过X射线衍射(XRD),扫描电镜(SEM),恒电流充放电测试对该正极材料的物相、结构、微观形貌以及电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,Mn2+的掺杂对磷酸钒锂电化学性能的发挥影响很大,其中当锰掺杂量x=0.09时材料表现出最佳的电化学性能,0.2 C倍率条件下首次放电比容量131 mAh/g,循环50次后容量衰减仅为4.02%。     

正极材料LiFe1-xNixPO4/C的合成及性能

以H3PO4、FeSO4·7H2O和LiOH·H2O为原料,采用水热法以Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O为镍源、葡萄糖为碳源,合成锂离子电池正极材料LiFe1-xNixPO4/C(x=0,0.02,0.05,0.08).采用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜对材料晶体结构和表观形貌进行表征,利用充放电测试技术对其电化学性能进行测定.结果表明:掺杂适量的Ni2+可以减小材料的晶胞体积,提高材料的比电容和循环性能.当Ni2+的掺杂量为5.0％时,LiFe0.95Ni0.05PO4/C材料在0.1C倍率下的首次放电比电容可达到152.8 mA·h/g,经过20次循环后的比电容保持率在97.5％以上.     

负极材料Li4-xMg-Ti5-yCoyO12的合成及其电化学性能

以Mg(CH3 COO)2·4H2O,CO(CH3 COO)2-4H2O作为Mg2+和CO2+的掺杂源,以乙醇为溶剂,C6H15 NO3作为络合剂,CH3,COOLi·2H2O和Ti(OC4 H9)4作为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂2种金属的Li4-xMg-Ti5-yCoyO12材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XR...     

ZrO_2包覆富锂正极材料Li[Li_(0.2)Ni_(0.2)Mn_(0.6)]O_2

采用共沉淀-高温固相法制备了富锂正极材料Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2,并使用Zr(OC3H7)4进行了Zr O2包覆改性。通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和电化学测试手段讨论了Zr O2包覆对材料的结构、形貌和电化学性能的影响。Zr O2能均匀覆盖在Li[Li0.2Ni0.2Mn0.6]O2颗粒表面,包覆后材料的电化学性能有一定的改善。包覆质量分数0.5%的Zr O2样品表现了提高的循环和倍率性能。首次放电容量(0.1 C,2.0~4.8 V)高达250.8 m Ah·g-1,循环45周(0.2C)容量保持为201.6 m Ah·g-1,2.0 C倍率放电容量可达123.2 m Ah·g-1。     

硅酸盐系锂离子电池正极材料的合成及性能研究

在Li2O-MnO2-SiO2三元系统中通过高温固相法合成具有不同配比Li2MSiO4(M=Fe、Mn等)的锂离子电池正极材料,采用X射线衍射光谱法(XRD),扫描电子显微镜法(SEM)和电化学性能测试表征不同配比条件下Li2MSiO4(M=Fe、Mn等)正极材料的微观结构,颗粒形貌及电化学性能。结果表明:烧结温度600℃,保温时间30 h下,Li∶Mn∶Si比例为4.04∶13.76∶1时的样品充放电比容量最高。     

负极材料Li4-xMg-Ti5-yCoyO12的合成及其电化学性能

以Mg(CH3 COO)2·4H2O,CO(CH3 COO)2-4H2O作为Mg2+和CO2+的掺杂源,以乙醇为溶剂,C6H15 NO3作为络合剂,CH3,COOLi·2H2O和Ti(OC4 H9)4作为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备复合掺杂2种金属的Li4-xMg-Ti5-yCoyO12材料,并对其进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电化学阻抗(EIS)、循环伏安(CV)、激光粒度等测试.结果表明,该法制备的样品具有良好的尖晶石型晶体结构以及较优的充放电性能.当x=0.02,y = 0.05时,在1.0～-2.5 V内,以0.1 C倍率循环时,Li3.98Mg0.O2Ti4.95 Co0.05O12样品首次放电比容量高达165.0 mAh/g,比未掺杂Mg2+和Co2+时(139.9 mAh/g)提高了17.9%.经过多次不同倍率的充放电循环后,0.1 C的放电比容量仍保持为143.4 mAh/g,且充放电效率始终维持在99%以上,具备良好的电化学性能.     

改进固相法合成LiNixCoyMn1-x-yO2正极材料及性能研究

采用同相法制备正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)/透射电镜(TEM)分析材料的结构和形貌特征,用LAND电池测试系统测试材料的电化学性能(充放电容量和循环性能等).以LiOH·H2O,H2C2O4·2H2O,Ni(AC)2·4H2O,Co(AC)2·4H2O和Mn(AC)2·4H2O为原料,采用固相法在不同煅烧温度和煅烧时间下制备的层状正极材料LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2具有典型的α-NaFeO2型层状结构特征,晶型结构完整.电化学性能测试结果表明,在850℃下保温15 h合成的正极材料电化学性能最优,在电流密度为120 mA/g、充放电电压在2.75～4.5 V时,经30次循环后放电比容量为163.5 mA·h/g,容量保持率为94%;50次循环后为157.2 mA·h/g,容量保持率为90.8%.     

Mg2+和F-共掺杂提高LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2电化学性能

采用传统固相法对锂离子电池富镍系LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2正极材料进行了Mg2+和F-共掺杂改性研究,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、XRD数据精修、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、恒电流充放电测试、循环伏安曲线(CV)和电化学阻抗谱(EIS)等手段探究Mg2+和F-共掺杂对材料晶体结构、表面形貌和电化学性能的影响.物理测试表明,Mg2+和F-共掺杂后正极材料仍保持α-NaFeO2结构,无杂质生成,且共掺杂后正极材料晶胞参数增大,离子混排程度降低,这有利于Li+在晶格中的脱嵌迁移.此外,共掺杂后正极材料的微观形貌未发生明显变化.电化学性能表明,Mg2+和F-共掺杂样品表现出优异的电化学性能,1C倍率下循环200圈后,放电比容量仍保持有144.1mAh·g-1,容量保持率高达83.1％.优异的电化学性能归因于Mg2+和F-稳定了材料的晶体结构,减少了材料极化,抑制了电池电荷转移阻抗的增加.本工作的开展为其他锂离子电池正极材料性能提升提供了思路.     

硅酸铁锂的合成及电化学性能

采用水热法合成正极材料Li2Fe SiO4,并用XRD、IR和电化学性能等方法对材料的进行了表征和测试。XRD显示正极材料Li2Fe SiO4结晶良好。红外测试表明主要官能团包含Li2Fe SiO4的特征吸收峰。电化学测试显示正极材料Li2Fe SiO4具有良好的电化学性能,尤其是60℃高温具有更好的循环性能,显示了它作为电池正极材料的巨大潜力。     

共沉淀法制备Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2及电化学性能研究

采用NH3-NaOH共沉淀法合成了L[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2正极材料,通过改变NH3·H2O浓度及加料方式研究材料的电化学性能.采用XRD、SEM对晶体的结构和形貌作表征.将正极材料Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2制成电极极片,组装成电池进行测试.分析测试结果表明,合成的极材料Li[Ni1/3Co1/3Mn1/3]O2具有典型的α-NaFeO2结构,粒径分布较好,呈类球形.     

Victrex® poly(ethersulfone) (PES) and Victrex® poly(etheretherketone) (PEEK)

Properties of two high performance engineering thermoplastics, amorphous polyethersulfone (PES) and semicrystalline polyetheretherketone (PEEK), are discussed. Both resins can be processed by conventional techniques, compounded with high performance fibers, and have high service temperature (up to 300°C). Due to the amorphous character PES can be dissolved and spray coated into metals.     

Photopyroelectric Spectroscopic Studies of ZnO-MnO(2)-Co(3)O(4)-V(2)O(5) Ceramics

Photopyroelectric (PPE) spectroscopy is a nondestructive tool that is used to study the optical properties of the ceramics (ZnO + 0.4MnO(2) + 0.4Co(3)O(4) + xV(2)O(5)), x = 0-1 mol%. Wavelength of incident light, modulated at 10 Hz, was in the range of 300-800 nm. PPE spectrum with reference to the doping level and sintering temperature is discussed. Optical energy band-gap (E(g)) was 2.11 eV for 0.3 mol% V(2)O(5) at a sintering temperature of 1025 °C as determined from the plot (ρhυ)(2)versushυ. With a further increase in V(2)O(5), the value of E(g) was found to be 2.59 eV. Steepness factor 'σ(A)' and 'σ(B)', which characterize the slope of exponential optical absorption, is discussed with reference to the variation of E(g). XRD, SEM and EDAX are also used for characterization of the ceramic. For this ceramic, the maximum relative density and grain size was observed to be 91.8% and 9.5 μm, respectively.     

(Ba_(1-α)Sr_α)_(4.8)(Sm_(0.7)La_(0.3))_(8.8)Ti_(18)O_(54)陶瓷的微波介电性能

采用固相合成法制备了(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54(α=0.1～0.5)系陶瓷,表征了该陶瓷的相组成和显微结构,测试了微波介电性能.结果表明:α=0.3时,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷为单相的新钨青铜结构固溶体.α>0.3时,相继出现了第二相BaLa2Ti4O12和La0.66TiO2.993.随α的增加,(Ba(1-α)Srα)4.8(Sm0.7La0.3)8.8Ti18O54系陶瓷的相对介电常数(εr)先增大后有所波动,品质因数(Qf)先增大后减小,谐振频率温度系数(τf)单调减小.α=0.3时,在1 350℃烧结的陶瓷的微波介电性能最佳:εr=98.77,Qf=5184GHz,τf=10.9×10-6/℃,优于不掺杂的BaO-Sm2O3-TiO2陶瓷的.     

Calcium silicate hydrate (II) (“C-S-H(II)”)

This semicrystalline phase, originally named ‘calcium silicate hydrate(II)’ by Taylor (1950), has been studied with X-rays, electron optics, chemical investigation of silicate anion type, infrared spectra, and thermal methods. It is structurally related to jennite (C₉S₆H₁₁) and probably also to the fibrous CSH of cement pastes, the three phases forming a sequence of decreasing crystallinity. The specimen studied had approximate composition C₂SH_3.2 after standing over saturated CaCλ₂ at about 15°C. CSH(II) contains metasilicate chains and pyrosilicate groups and has a disordered layer structure. Much of the water can be lost reversibly without significant change in lattice parameters.     

Poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid)

Summary In the present work we describe, the synthesis and characterization of a new gel obtained by crosslinking a cooligomer of butadiene-acrylic acid (BuAA), by reaction with acrylonitrile and acrylic acid. The purified product was characterized by FTIR, elemental analyses and scanning electronic microscopy. The thermal properties were studied and swelling indexes were determined in different solvents and at different pH values. The capacity of poly(butadiene-acrylic acid(g)acrylonitrile(g)acrylic acid) [gel A] to separate different organic substances, such as amino acids and colorants, was determined.     

Thermal studies of blends of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) with poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPSS) and with poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPSE)

The miscibilities of poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide sulfone) (PPS/PPSS) and poly(phenylene) sulfide/poly(phenylene sulfide ether) (PPS/PPSE) blends were invesigated in terms of shifts of glass transition temperatures T_g of pure PPS, PPSS, a dn PPSE. The crystallization kinetics of PPS/PPSS blends was also studied as a function of molar composition. The PPS/PPSS and PPS/PPSE blends are respectively partially and fully miscible. PPSE shows a plasticizing effect on PPS as does PPS on PPSS, which necessarily improves te processibility in the respective systems. We can control T_g and melting temperature T_m of PPS by varying amounts of PPSE in blends. The melt crystallization temperature T_mc of PPS/PPSE blends was higher than that of the PPSE homopolymer. Therefore, these blends require shorter cycle times in processing than pure PPSE. The overall rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends follows the Avrami equation with an exponent ?2. The maximal rate of crystallization for PPS/PPSS blends occurs at a temperatre higher by 10°C than that for PPS, while the crystallization half time t_1/2 is 4 times shorter. In the cold crystallization range, crystal growth rates increase and Avrami exponents decrease significantly as the temperature increases.     

Photooxidative stability of substituted poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA)

The addition of side groups to improve the photooxidative stability of polymers used in polymer-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) is explored. Infrared spectroscopy and computational chemistry techniques are used to study the effects of chemical substitution of the reactive vinylene moiety in poly(phenylene vinylene) (PPV). The bond order of the vinylene group in small oligomers is calculated using semiempirical techniques to assess the improvement in stability toward oxidants such as singlet oxygen. We find that PPV dimers allow relative comparisons across a range of possible substitutions. Experimental results correlate well with these calculations. The addition of electron-withdrawing substituents, such as nitrile groups, to the vinylene moiety is found to be particularly effective in reducing the reactivity of alkoxy-substituted PPV toward singlet oxygen. The photooxidative stability of a poly(phenylene acetylene) (PPA) derivative is also studied. It appears that this family of polymers is more stable toward photooxidation than are its PPV analogs. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 69: 2451–2458, 1998     

Chemical cross-linking of conducting poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)

Hybrid films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) were prepared with different molecular weights of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). The cross-linking reaction between PEO and PEDOT:PSS was performed at high temperature and confirmed by using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), contact angle measurement, and solid-state ¹H NMR. The effect of chemical reaction on the conductivity and morphology of these hybrid films was studied by using 4-point probe and atomic force microscope (AFM), respectively. As-spun PEO/PEDOT:PSS films have lower electric conductivity due to the addition of nonconductive PEO, and exhibits no molecular weight dependence on conductivity. After chemical cross-linking reaction at high temperature, only PEDOT:PSS films with lowest molecular weight PEO additives show enhanced conductivity with increasing reaction time. AFM result indicates that the heat-treated PEO/PEDOT:PSS hybrid films show grain-like morphology compared to ethylene glycol treated PEDOT:PSS films which shows continuous PEDOT domain. In the present work we demonstrate that the cross-linking reaction can be used to improve the wet stability of PEDOT:PSS nanofiber, showing good water resistance and excellent dimensional stability.