纯低温余热发电系统中余热锅炉的热力学分析

以能量平衡模型和能量平衡方程为依据,对某水泥厂纯低温余热发电系统中的余热锅炉进行了热力学分析,同时分析了各种参数变化对余热锅炉(火用)效率的影响.结果表明:余热锅炉的主要外部损失为排烟(火用)损失,占锅炉总(火用)损失的45.72%;主要内部损失为传热(火用)损失,占锅炉总(火用)损失的11.28%.确定了余热锅炉耗能的薄弱环节,并提出了降低余热锅炉(火用)损和提高余热锅炉(火用)效率的途径和改进措施,为水泥厂进一步展开节能工作提供科学依据.     

电站锅炉的效率分析

通过对电站锅炉进行(火用)分析,得出了锅炉的(火用)效率及其各部位、各过程的(火用)损失大小,并把所得到的结果与锅炉热量平衡分析得到的结果进行了对比,发现锅炉的(火用)损失主要包括燃烧过程的(火用)损失和传热过程的(火用)损失,这就为进一步提高锅炉的效率指明了方向,即主要从燃烧、传热过程入手,通过富氧燃烧、提高蒸汽初参数等方法来减小锅炉的煤耗.     

电站锅炉的(火用)效率分析

通过对电站锅炉进行(火用)分析,得出了锅炉的(火用)效率及其各部位、各过程的(火用)损失大小,并把所得到的结果与锅炉热量平衡分析得到的结果进行了对比,发现锅炉的(火用)损失主要包括燃烧过程的(火用)损失和传热过程的(火用)损失,这就为进一步提高锅炉的效率指明了方向,即主要从燃烧、传热过程入手,通过富氧燃烧、提高蒸汽初参数等方法来减小锅炉的煤耗.     

某电厂循环流化床锅炉热力学分析

提高CFB锅炉机组燃煤效率是洁净煤电站优化运行的目标。通过对唐山开滦东方发电有限责任公司(简称东方电厂)490t/h CFB锅炉系统热平衡和火用平衡计算及结果分析,研究热效率、火用效率、传热火用损失和燃烧火用损失随锅炉负荷的变化规律。分析表明,降低传热火用损失和燃烧火用损失可有效提高锅炉机组的火用效率,而降低排烟热损失可有效提高锅炉机组的热效率。研究结果可为CFB锅炉机组的优化设计和经济运行提供科学依据。     

常压热水锅炉节能You分析

依据热力学基本定律，本文从You平衡的角度分析了常压锅炉的能量转换利用过程，并通过实例计算，分析比较了较平衡和You平衡的各项You损失。同时指出了常压锅炉节能的主要方向（减少锅炉内部损失）和措施。     

超超临界二次再热锅炉火用分析

依据能量平衡方程,对超超临界二次再热机组锅炉建立了两种不同的火用分析模型。在锅炉热平衡计算的基础上,对某1000MW超超临界二次再热机组的锅炉进行定量火用分析计算。通过计算和分析得出二次再热锅炉的火用损分布,指出内部火用损失是节能的重点方向,并证明二次再热机组通过缩小工质与高温烟气的换热平均温差有效地减少了内部火用损失,从全厂的角度提高了效率。     

超超临界二次再热锅炉炯分析

依据能量平衡方程,对超超临界二次再热机组锅炉建立了两种不同的火甩分析模型。在锅炉热平衡计算的基础上,对某1000MW超超临界二次再热机组的锅炉进行定量娴分析计算。通过计算和分析得出二次再热锅炉的火用损分布,指出内部火用损失是节能的重点方向,并证明二次再热机组通过缩小工质与高温烟气的换热平均温差有效地减少了内部火用损失,从全厂的角度提高了效率。     

引进型300 MW循环流化床锅炉(火用)效率的分析

通过分析大型CFB锅炉(火用)效率的计算方法,建立了CFB锅炉炯损失的数学模型,对我国引进型300 MW CFB锅炉的(火用)损失和炯效率进行了计算,并与热量法的计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:(火用)方法比热量法更能全面地反映电站锅炉的各种损失以及产生的部位;锅炉(火用)效率远低于热效率的原因在于锅炉不仅存在外部损失,还存在大量的不可逆内部损失;锅炉主要外部损失仍为排烟热损失和机械不完全燃烧(火用)损失;从降低炉内平均温度与提高炉内水和蒸汽的平均温度两方面采取措施,可减少传热过程中的(火用)损失,提高锅炉效率.     

小龙潭电厂300MW机组热力系统(火用)分析

应用能量平衡和(火用)分析方法,对小龙潭火力发电厂300MW机组热力系统能量转换过程进行了定量计算,分析了各个单元的能量有效利用及损失情况,指出了损失的主要部位和原因.结果表明:热量损失主要发生在凝汽器单元,凝汽器散失到周围环境中的热量为411.28 MW,占输入热量的51.57%,锅炉单元散失的热量为52.96 MW,占输入热量的6.64%,汽轮机单元散失的热量为20.40 MW,占输入热量的2.56%;(火用)损主要发生在锅炉单元,锅炉、汽轮机和凝汽器单元的(火用)损分别占输入(火用)的67.78%、18.54%和13%;锅炉中燃料燃烧及大温差传热是整个系统不可逆的主要原因;不同工况下每个单元的(火用)损和(火用)效率会随着环境温度适度改变,但同一工况下机组总的(火用)效率不随环境温度变化.     

10 MW生物质气化耦合超临界燃煤锅炉系统火用平衡分析

为有效评价生物质气化耦合燃煤锅炉系统能量转换过程,分析该系统的节能潜力,以某10 MW循环流化床生物质气化炉耦合大型超临界燃煤机组为例,建立了该耦合系统的火用分析控制体模型,利用Aspen plus平台对该系统实际运行过程进行火用平衡分析。结果表明：当前运行工况下,生物质气化过程火用损失是耦合系统最大的火用损失,达到42.28%,其次是可燃气体在燃煤锅炉内的燃烧及传热过程,为25.32%。因此系统运行过程中应采取优化运行措施,减小气化过程火用损失,同时气化炉应尽量与高参数的大型机组耦合运行,可燃气体选取在燃煤锅炉合适位置输入,以保证充分燃烧。     

冷凝式燃气热水锅炉节能分析

~~冷凝式燃气热水锅炉节能分析@叶勇军$南华大学建筑工程与资源环境学院!湖南衡阳421001 @寇广孝$南华大学建筑工程与资源环境学院!湖南衡阳421001 @王汉青$南华大学建筑工程与资源环境学院!湖南衡阳421001 @王志勇$南华大学建筑工程与资源环境学院!湖南衡阳421001~~~~~~~~     

Exergy analysis of a pulp and paper mill

Different energy and exergy concepts and methods are presented and applied to a Swedish pulp and paper mill. Flow diagrams show that the exergy content is mostly much less than the energy content of the flows. The largest exergy losses appear in the boilers. Heating processes are highly exergy inefficient. A limited Life Cycle Exergy Analysis (LCEA) shows that the exergy output amounts to over 3 times the spent exergy as non‐sustainable resources. By replacing the present use of non‐sustainable resources, mostly fuel oil, the mill could move towards a truly sustainable process. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Energy–exergy analysis and modernization suggestions for a combined‐cycle power plant

Energy and exergy analysis were carried out for a combined‐cycle power plant by using the data taken from its units in operation to analyse a complex energy system more thoroughly and to identify the potential for improving efficiency of the system. In this context, energy and exergy fluxes at the inlet and the exit of the devices in one of the power plant main units as well as the energy and exergy losses were determined. The results show that combustion chambers, gas turbines and heat recovery steam generators (HRSG) are the main sources of irreversibilities representing more than 85% of the overall exergy losses. Some constructive and thermal suggestions for these devices have been made to improve the efficiency of the system. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于_分析的发电厂改造方法研究

根据分析理论,把锅炉、汽轮机及发电厂热力系统作为一个整体,通过对发电厂各环节进行分析找到具体损失环节并对具体位置提出改造方案,是发电厂改造的一种新方法。以某超超临界机组为例,运用分析理论找到损失环节,找到二次风温及给水温度对锅炉系统及电厂热力系统影响的关系,通过增加一级高压加热器提高给水温度,同时在保证锅炉排烟温度不变的前提下适当地提高二次风温,分析在给水温度及二次风温的双重作用下,锅炉乃至整个机组性能的变化。结果表明,当给水温度由299.5℃升高至322℃时,二次风温由327.8℃升高至360℃,锅炉系统传热损失由3 443 kJ/kg降低至3 254 kJ/kg,燃烧环节损失由6 204 kJ/kg降低至6 158 kJ/kg,锅炉效率由54.15%升高至54.45%,机组目的效率由42%升高至46.7%。     

Energetic and exergetic performance evaluation of a combined heat and power system with the micro gas turbine (MGTCHP)

This study deals with the energetic and exergetic performance assessment of a combined heat and power system with micro gas turbine (MGTCHP). Quantitative energy and exergy balance for each component and the whole MGTCHP system was considered, while energy and exergy consumption within the system were determined. The performance characteristics of this MGTCHP system were evaluated using energy and exergy analyses methods. The energetic and exergetic efficiencies of the MGTCHP system are calculated as 75.99% with 254.55 kW (as 99.15 kW—electrical and 155.40 kW—hot water_{@363.15 K}) and 35.80% with 123.61 kW (as 99.15 kW—electrical and 24.46 kW—hot water_{@363.15 K}), respectively. The maximum energy loss and exergy consumption occur at 44.03 kW in the stack gas and 129.61 kW in the combustion chamber, respectively. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Exergy analysis of industrial pasta drying process

In this study we present an energy and exergy modelling of industrial final macaroni (pasta) drying process for its system analysis, performance evaluation and optimization. Using actual system data, a performance assessment of the industrial macaroni drying process through energy and exergy efficiencies and system exergy destructions is conducted. The heat losses to the surroundings and exergy destructions in the overall system are quantified and illustrated using energy and exergy flow diagrams. The total energy rate input to system is 316.25 kW. The evaporation rate is 72 kg h^?1 (0.02 kg s^?1) and energy consumption rate is found as 4.38 kW for 1 kg water evaporation from product. Humidity product rate is 792 kg h^?1 (0.22 kg s^?1) and energy consumption rate is found about 0.4 kW for 1 kg short cut pasta product. The energy efficiencies of the pasta drying process and the overall system are found to be as 7.55–77.09% and 68.63%. The exergy efficiency of pasta drying process is obtained to be as 72.98–82.15%. For the actual system that is presented the system exergy efficiency vary between 41.90 and 70.94%. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

金属镁还原系统的(火用)分析

从热力学原理出发,首次采用分析法研究了金属镁还原系统的损失部位与大小。结果表明:金属镁还原炉的效率很低,排烟损失和绝热燃烧损失都比较大,还原产物带走损失和还原炉体内部损失居次。据此提出了一些提高效率的措施。     

Energy and exergy analysis of Salihli geothermal district heating system in Manisa,Turkey

This study deals with an energy and exergy analysis of Salihli geothermal district heating system (SGDHS) in Manisa, Turkey. In the analysis, actual system data are used to assess the district heating system performance, energy and exergy efficiencies, specific exergy index, exergetic improvement potential and exergy losses. Energy and exergy losses throughout the SGDHS are quantified and illustrated in the flow diagram. The exergy losses in the system, particularly due to the fluid flow, take place in the pumps and the heat exchanger, as well as the exergy losses of the thermal water (e.g. geothermal fluid) and the natural direct discharge of the system. As a result, the total exergy losses account for 2.22, 17.88 and 20.44%, respectively, of the total exergy input to the entire SGDHS. The overall energy and exergy efficiencies of the SGDHS components are also studied to evaluate their individual performances and determined to be 55.5 and 59.4%, respectively. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

富氧燃煤锅炉的效率分析

采用锅炉效率的分析方法对某电站300MW锅炉在O2/CO2气氛下的各项损失和锅炉效率进行了计算,并与相同条件的空气气氛下的各项损失和锅炉效率进行了比较。结果表明,采用O2/CO2的富氧燃烧技术可大大提高锅炉热效率,并相应提高锅炉的效率,而燃烧过程和传热过程的损失仍是锅炉的主要损失。