Serial MSK spread-spectrum multiple-access communications

A serial minimum-shift-keyed (MSK) direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SSMA) communication system is described and analyzed to obtain the signal-to-noise ratio. The single-channel system generates the same transmitted signals as a corresponding parallel MSK/DS/SSMA system. Hence, the transmitted signals have a constant envelope and desirable spectral properties. However, hardware is required for only one channel, and the multiple-access capability of the system compares favorably with a standard binary DS/SSMA system     

Adaptive spread-spectrum multicarrier multiple-access over wirelines

In this paper, we investigate the dynamic resource allocation adapted to spread-spectrum multicarrier multiple-access (SS-MC-MA) systems in a multiuser power line communication (PLC) context. The developed adaptive system is valid for uplink, downlink, as well as for indoor and outdoor communications. The studied SS-MC-MA system is based on classical multicarrier modulation like digital multitone (DMT), combined with a spread-spectrum (SS) component used to multiplex several information symbols of a given user over the same subcarriers. The multiple-access task is carried out using a frequency-division multiple-access (FDMA) approach so that each user is assigned one or more subcarrier sets. The number of subcarriers in each set is given by the spreading code length as in classical SS-MC-MA systems usually studied in the wireless context. We derive herein a new loading algorithm that dynamically handles the system configuration in order to maximize the data throughput. The algorithm consists in an adaptive subcarrier, code, bit, and energy assignment algorithm. Power-spectral density constraint due to spectral mask specifications is considered, as well as finite-order modulations. In that case, it is shown that SS-MC-MA combined with the proposed loading algorithm achieves higher throughput than DMT in a multiuser PLC context. Because of the finite granularity of the modulations, some residual energy is indeed wasted on each subcarrier of the DMT spectrum. The combining of a spreading component with DMT allows to merge these amounts of energy so that one or more additional bits can be transmitted in each subcarrier subset leading to significant throughput gain. Simulations have been run over measured PLC channel responses and highlight that the proposed system is all the more interesting than the signal-to-noise ratio is low.     

Performance analysis of time-hopping spread-spectrum multiple-access systems: uncoded and coded schemes

An ultra-wide bandwidth time-hopping spread-spectrum code division multiple-access system employing a binary PPM signaling has been introduced by Scholtz (1993), and its performance was obtained based on a Gaussian distribution assumption for the multiple-access interference. In this paper, we begin first by proposing to use a practical low-rate error correcting code in the system without any further required bandwidth expansion. We then present a more precise performance analysis of the system for both coded and uncoded schemes. Our analysis shows that the Gaussian assumption is not accurate for predicting bit error rates at high data transmission rates for the uncoded scheme. Furthermore, it indicates that the proposed coded scheme outperforms the uncoded scheme significantly, or more importantly, at a given bit error rate, the coding scheme increases the number of users by a factor which is logarithmic in the number of pulses used in time-hopping spread-spectrum systems.     

Dual-phase continuous phase modulation for spread-spectrum multiple-access communication

A new class of direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS-SSMA) systems with continuous phase modulation (CPM) is defined. The signals are unique in that the spreading is done by adding an extra phase term to the information phase while maintaining phase continuity, constant envelope, and efficient bandwidth usage. The spreading phase is formed from the spreading code and is independent of the information phase, which allows despreading to be done separately before data detection, which, in turn, allows a simple CPM detector to be employed for data detection. The information phase is considered in the minimum-shift keying (MSK) format, and a serial-MSK-type spread-spectrum receiver is considered for performance analysis. Expressions for the signal-to-noise ratio, the power spectral density, and the probability of bit error are developed, along with methods for computing their values to an arbitrarily close approximation. Numerical results show that the proposed system is an attractive alternative to the conventional DS-SSMA systems.     

Multi-user selection diversity for spread-spectrum multi-carrier multiple-access systems

Recently, Multi-User Selection Diversity (MUSDiv) for single-carrier systems has been under extensive study on account of the enhancement it provides to system performance with minimum feedback requirements. However, its application to multichannel systems is considered straightforward and thus, it has not been thoroughly examined. In this paper, the performance of MUSDiv is investigated when applied to the spread-spectrum multi-carrier multiple-access system, where the scheduling has to be performed for all the available channels and self interference must also be considered. Specifically, based on the absolute and normalized Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (SNR) scheduling algorithms, two algorithms are presented, modified and optimized, so that they can be applied on a subband instead of a single-channel basis. Moreover, we propose a new scheduling scheme which constitutes a trade-off between the previous schemes, concerning fairness and capacity performance. The new algorithms are related to the symbol Signal-to-Noise-plus-Interference-Ratio (SNIR) instead of SNR and two interference models were devised to this end. Closed-form expressions for the system capacity are extracted for each case, which are compared with simulation results. The research is also extended to the case of non-identical user power profiles among the available subcarriers. The channel state information required to utilize multi-user selection diversity is already necessary for the most common combining schemes, so no more feedback is actually needed.     

Performance of FHSS multiple-access networks using MFSK modulation

The main concern of this paper is to estimate the symbol error probabilities of synchronous and asynchronous frequency-hop spread-spectrum multiple-access (FHSS-MA) networks through semi-analytic Monte Carlo simulations. We concentrate on systems transmitting one M-ary (M⩾2) FSK modulated symbol per hop with noncoherent demodulation. The usual practice when analyzing the performance of such networks is to upper-bound the probability of symbol error when a hop is hit by K^'⩾1 interfering users with (M-1)/M or 1. Previous work on the derivation of accurate approximations to this probability for the case when M=2 has indicated that the aforementioned bound not only gives excessively pessimistic results but may also lead to wrong tradeoff decisions. Using the simulated values for the error probabilities, we show that a similar argument holds for the cases when M>2 as well. Also, by employing a normalized throughput measure that takes into account the bandwidth and time expansion associated with the modulation order M, we find that there exists an optimum value of M that achieves the maximum possible throughput for the cases when binary and M-ary error correcting codes are employed. Throughput results are also given for the case when the signals from the active users in the network suffer from independent Rayleigh fading     

Performance analysis of direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communication in an indoor Rician-fading channel with DPSK modulation

The bit error probability for direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access (DS/SS-MA) in indoor radio channels is evaluated, assuming differential phase-shift-keying (DPSK) modulation, both for selection diversity and for maximal-ratio combining. The indoor radio environment is modelled as a Rician fading channel.<>     

Ultra-wide bandwidth time-hopping spread-spectrum impulse radio forwireless multiple-access communications

Attractive features of time-hopping spread-spectrum multiple-access systems employing impulse signal technology are outlined, and emerging design issues are described. Performance of such communications systems in terms of achievable transmission rate and multiple-access capability are estimated for both analog and digital data modulation formats under ideal multiple-access channel conditions     

Performance comparison of different spread-spectrum signalingschemes for cellular mobile radio networks

Different spread-spectrum signaling schemes in a cellular mobile radio network are compared in terms of throughput and packet error probability. Bounds on the bit and packet error probabilities are derived for data modulation schemes with binary phase shift keying with noncoherent demodulation. Reed-Solomon coding is employed for error-correction purposes. In all cases, the effect of varying interference power (according to some inverse power of distance) of the desired signal, of the interfering signals, and of Rayleigh nonselective channel fading is accurately taken into account. The throughput in the mobile-to-base transmission mode is evaluated for the above data modulation, demodulation, and forward-error-control coding schemes. The comparison shows that, under the varying interference power model, the frequency-hopped scheme performs best among all schemes with the same bandwidth. Power control mechanisms are required to improve the performance of direct-sequence systems     

Conditions for synchronisation and corresponding user capacities for spread-spectrum multiple-access systems

User capacities for direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communication systems are obtained, for the situation where a receiver has to synchronise to its wanted signal in the presence of other users' transmissions, under all relative phase conditions. The use of both conventional and rapid-acquisition codes is considered.     

Computationally efficient bounds for the performance ofdirect-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communications systemsin jamming environments

An approach for calculating upper and lower bounds for the probability of error for asynchronous multiple-access spread-spectrum communication systems using deterministic codes is presented. The techniques is then generalized to include multiple-tone jamming. The approach utilizes the cumulative distribution function of individual interference terms. The computational complexity of the technique is calculated to the polynomial-like. Results showing the multiple-access performance of gold codes of lengths 31 and 127 in the presence of jamming are shown. The fact that this computational technique gives upper and lower bounds is rigorously proved using the Riemann-Stieltjes integral     

Very low rate convolution codes for maximum theoretical performanceof spread-spectrum multiple-access channels

A spread-spectrum multiple-access (SSMA) communication system is treated for which both spreading and error control is provided by binary PSK modulation with orthogonal convolution codes. Performance of spread-spectrum multiple access by a large number of users employing this type of coded modulation is determined in the presence of background Gaussian noise. With this approach and coordinated processing at a common receiver, it is shown that the aggregate data rate of all simultaneous users can approach the Shannon capacity of the Gaussian noise channel     

A novel frequency-hopping spread-spectrum multiple-access network using M-ary orthogonal Walsh sequence keying

A novel frequency-hop spread-spectrum multiple-access network employing M-ary orthogonal Walsh sequence keying with noncoherent demodulation is proposed. The transmitted Walsh sequence is overlaid by a user-specific pseudonoise sequence to reduce the effect of multiple-access hits. Two Gaussian approximations for the multiple-access interference from both the dehopped slot and its neighboring slots are developed and are used to analyze the performance of the proposed network for synchronous and asynchronous hopping under nonfading and Rayleigh fading channels. The effect of imperfect hop timing synchronization at the receiver is also analyzed. It is shown that the proposed network offers significantly improved network throughput compared to networks based on traditional M-ary frequency-shift keying modulation.     

Decorrelating decision-feedback multiuser detector for synchronouscode-division multiple-access channel

A decorrelating decision-feedback detector (DF) for synchronous code-division multiple-access (CDMA) that uses decisions of the stronger users when forming decisions for the weaker ones is described. The complexity of the DF is linear in the number of users, and it requires only one decision per user. It is shown that performance gains with respect to the linear decorrelating detector are more significant for relatively weak users and that the error probability of the weakest user approaches the single-user bound as interferers grow stronger. The error rate of the DF is compared to those of the decorrelator and the two-stage detector     

Direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access communications with random signature sequences: a large deviations analysis

A direct-sequence spread-spectrum multiple-access bit-error probability analysis is developed using large-deviations theory. Let m denote the number of interfering spread-spectrum signals and let n denote the signature sequence length. Then the large deviations limit is as n to infinity with m fixed. A tight asymptotic expression for the bit-error probability is proven, and in addition, recent large-deviations results with the importance sampling Monte Carlo estimation technique are applied to obtain accurate and computationally efficient estimates of the bit-error probability for finite values of m and n. The large-deviations point of view is compared also to the conventional asymptotics of central limit theory and the associated Gaussian approximation. The Gaussian approximation is accurate and the ratio m/n is moderately large and all signals have roughly equal power. In the near/far situation, however, the Gaussian approximation is quite poor. In contrast, large-deviations techniques are more accurate in the near/far situation, and it is here that these methods provide some important practical insight.<>     

Subcarrier multiplexing for multiple-access lightwave networks

This paper describes the applicability of subcarrier multiplexing to lightwave multiple-access networks. It is shown how currently available microwave and lightwave components can be used, by using subcarrier multiplexing, to provide high-capacity networks. For example, the proposed multiple-access network can support 1024 users at a continuous bit rate of 1.5 Mbit/s, per user.     

超短脉冲光码分多址系统中的多用户检测器

将多用户检测的概念应用于超短脉冲光码分多址(OCDMA)系统,提出了一种多级结构的多用户检测器——光电混合并行干扰消除(OEH-PIC)检测器,并为每一级检测建立了判决准则。算法复杂度分析表明:OEH-PIC 检测器的每二进位时间复杂度(TCB)与系统中的用户数和检测器的级数都成线性关系,具有可实现性。性能分析表明:与传统单用户检测器相比,OEH-PIC检测器使系统的误码率性能得到很大的改善。     

A MAP blind bit-rate detector for variable-gain multiple-access systems

A maximum a posteriori blind bit-rate detector is derived for a fixed frame-length multiple-access system which employs variable-gain transmitter power and repetition encoding. Blind bit-rate detectors are derived for the additive white Gaussian noise channel and for the slowly fading Nakagami-m channel, assuming infinite depth interleaving at the smallest bit rate. The performances of the detectors are assessed for different frame lengths, signal-to-noise ratios, and fading conditions.     

Performance study of hybrid spread-spectrum random-accesscommunications

A numerical study of the performance of hybrid direct-sequence slow-frequency-hopped spread-spectrum random-access schemes using Reed-Solomon forward-error control coding is performed. The performance measures of interest are the maximum numbers of simultaneous transmitters that can be tolerated in the vicinity of a receiver at a desirable level of the bit (or symbol) error probability, the normalized throughput, and the packet error probability. For the case where all simultaneous signals have the same received power levels, a critical comparison of the performance of direct-sequence, frequency-hopped, and hybrid spread-spectrum systems with the same overall bandwidth expansion is conducted with respect to the above performance measures, and ranges of parameters, for which each system outperforms the others, are identified. It is also established that hybrid spread-spectrum random-access schemes have considerably higher throughput than the uncoded nonspread-spectrum ones, for the desired range of values of the packet error probability