Physical characterization of anhydrous and hydrous forms of the hydrochloride salt of BVT.5182 a novel 5-HT(6) receptor antagonist

The physicochemical properties of 1-benzenesulfonyl-4-(piperazin-1-yl)-indole hydrochloride, a novel 5-HT₆ receptor antagonist for the treatment of obesity were characterized. Two solid state forms were identified at ambient conditions (23°C): an anhydrate form (1) and a hydrate form (2), with 1.5 moles of H₂O. The latter easily dehydrates and rehydrates without affecting the crystal morphology. Investigations of the propensity for interconversion between the two forms reveal that a) conversion of 2→1 takes place above 145°C and that b) conversion of 1→2 only occurs after crystallization from supersaturated aqueous solutions at a water activity ≥0.94 or in the presence of comparable amounts of crystals of 2 in water at ambient conditions. However, in an equimolar suspension of 1 and 2 at 37°C no phase transformation was observed. Thus, the difference in chemical potential between the two forms is small. Form 1 was shown to have overall favorable solid state properties and, hence, considered the preferred form for continued pharmaceutical development. The characterization was performed by means of light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, powder X-ray diffraction, FTIR/NIR-spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, hot stage microscopy, thermogravimetry, dynamic vapor sorption, Karl Fischer water content determination, phase stability studies of suspensions, solubility, and intrinsic dissolution rate measurements.     

新型可见光催化剂Bi6O26N5H9/AgCl的制备及其性能研究

以硝酸铋和硝酸银为主要原料,采用水解法制备了可见光响应型高效复合催化剂Bi6O26N5H9/AgCl。利用X射线仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对样品进行表征,并以碱性染料罗丹明B为目标污染物,金属卤化物灯为可见光光源测试其光催化性能,研究了初始Bi 3+/Ag+物质的量比、废水pH及浓度等对Bi6O26N5H9/AgCl光催化活性的影响,并对光催化过程中产生的活性物种进行了检测。结果表明,当罗丹明B的质量浓度为20 mg/L、AgCl/Bi6O26N5H9催化剂用量为0.5g/L、pH=4.6、光照30min条件下,罗丹明B脱色率、COD和TOC去除率分别为98.73%、88%和69%。活性物种的检测表明光催化过程产生的主要活性物种为·OH自由基,而非空穴和超氧阴离子。     

The microstructure of η′-Cu6Sn5 and its orientation relationships with Cu in the early stage of growth

The microstructure of η′-Cu₆Sn₅ during the early stage of growth was studied. Sn was electroplated onto thin Cu foil at room temperature and the specimen was annealed at 150 °C for 30 s. The Cu and Sn on the η′-Cu₆Sn₅ surfaces were removed electrolytically and the specimens were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The η′-Cu₆Sn₅ grains on the Cu side were as small as 5 nm but grew rapidly to 0.3 to 0.5 μm on the Sn side.The orientation relationships between η′-Cu₆Sn₅ and Cu were studied by a thin-film technique. Cu was evaporated onto the NaCl (001) and (111) surfaces to form epitaxial Cu thin films and Sn was then evaporated onto the Cu films to form η′-Cu₆Sn₅. Two types of orientation relationships were found, i.e., (1) [204]_η′//[001]_Cu (zone axis), (402?)_η′//(110)_Cu, and (020)_η′//(11?0)_Cu, and (2) [204]_η′//[111]_Cu (zone axis), (402?)_η′//(11?0)_Cu, and (020)_η′//(1?1?2)_Cu. The interfaces were analyzed.     

Effect of high magnetic field on the morphology of (Cu, Ni)6Sn5 at Sn0.3Ni/Cu interface

The effect of high magnetic field on the microstructure of (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅ intermetallic compound layer in Sn0.3Ni/Cu couples at 250 °C was examined. The applied magnetic field changed the morphology of outer (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅ crystals on the Sn side from faceted shape to stick shape. The high magnetic field affected the crystal orientations of (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅ and reduced the Ni content in the outer layer. The morphology evolution of (Cu, Ni)₆Sn₅ is attributed to the content of Ni solute decreased by magnetic field. The effects of high magnetic field on the liquid convection and phase diagram are considered to be responsible for the Ni content.