Young's modulus for laminated machine structures with particular reference to switched reluctance motor vibrations

The switched reluctance motor (SRM) has a disadvantage of higher acoustic noise, caused by stator vibrations. Techniques for noise reduction require knowledge of the modal frequencies, which depend on mechanical shapes and dimensions as well as material properties, for example, Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio, mass density, etc. It is found that the generally accepted value of Young's modulus is not valid for a machine with laminations and no frame. This paper introduces a simple and nondestructive method for the measurement of Young's modulus; it is then used in a finite-element (FE) program to determine the resonant frequencies of SRM stator vibration. The effects of mass density and Poisson's ratios are also discussed. The FE results are validated by vibration tests, which show good accuracy.     

大中型异步电动机定子模态的仿真分析

为了降低电动机的电磁噪声有必要分析和计算定子振动模态.本文利用ANSYS有限元软件研究大中型异步电动机定子的模态振型和固有频率,重点讨论了成型绕组、径向通风道、肋、压圈和机座对定子铁心振动的影响.研究表明,成型绕组对定子模态有重要的影响,不考虑绕组固有频率会明显减小;径向通风道、肋和压圈对高阶模态的固有频率影响较大;机...     

大型异步电动机定子振动与模态分析

预测电机的振动和噪声需准确计算电机定子结构的固有频率及定子的响应特性。文中利用3D有限元软件研究了定子模态和固有频率，分析了定子叠片结构、绕组对大型异步电机定子固有频率和振动模态的影响；用有限元分析和实验测量确定正交各向异性叠片结构和绕组的材料属性，并与实测结果进行了比较。研究表明，对于大型异步电机，定子绕组对固有频率影响很大，其弹性模量远低于实体铜，有效部分绕组和端部绕组不能简单地以附加质量形式计算固有频率；端部绕组质量和刚度对固有频率的影响大体相互抵消，所以端部绕组对固有频率的影响相对很小。     

开关磁阻电机的定子振动模态分析

大的振动和噪声阻碍了开关磁阻电机的推广应用.由于定子的径向振动是开关磁阻电机噪声的主要根源,因此定子振动系统的模态分析是降噪研究的有效手段.该文利用三维有限元法模态分析,通过比较、分析开关磁阻电机定子振动系统的固有频率在不同绕组安装工艺和散热筋结构条件下的变化,得出了加固绕组和采用周向散热筋结构有利于降低开关磁阻电机噪声水平的结论.通过比较一台实验样机的模态分析计算结果和实测结果,证实了模态分析计算的有效性.     

Analytical solution on the non-linear vibration of a traveling wave ultrasonic motor

A vibration model for the stator of traveling wave type ultrasonic motors has been presented using Kirchhoff plate theory. In this model, the vibration equation influenced by electric field is established based on the geometric equations, the constitutive equations and the balanced equations for the structure. This electric field distribution is assumed based on Maxwell equation. Shearing deformation, rotary inertia and damping of the piezoelectric ceramic are been taken into account. Firstly, the dynamics of the stator is discussed. The mode of the stator is derived and validated by comparing the resonant frequencies and modal shapes with those by finite element analysis. Then, the effect of the piezoelectric ceramic damping is also discussed. Finally, The friction layer is simplified as the axial spring. Using modal shapes as the weight function, the analytic solution under the forced vibration for the stator is computed by Galerkin method. The theoretical model and its analytic solution in this paper contribute to simplifying the model for the parametric study and understanding the vibration between the stator and the rotor.     

Radial force calculation and acoustic noise prediction in switched reluctance machines

This paper presents an analytical method for calculating the radial force and predicting the acoustic noise in switched reluctance machines (SRMs). The main source of acoustic noise in an SRM is the radial magnetic force inducing resonant vibration with circumferential mode shapes of the stator. An analytical relationship between radial force and radial vibration is determined, which can be used to predict the noise power level at the frequency of operation. The vibration and sound are functions of machine dimensions, material properties, and rotational speed. The knowledge of the circumferential mode shapes of vibration, the natural mode frequencies of the stator, and the frequency spectrum of the radial magnetic force can be effectively utilized to design SRMs with minimal noise through geometrical design variations. The effect of the number of stator and rotor poles on acoustic noise can also be analyzed with the model presented in this paper. Magnetodynamic simulation by finite-element analysis software has also been carried out to verify the calculation of radial force using the proposed analytical model.     

基于物理模型开关磁阻电机定子模态和固有频率的研究

准确计算定子模态和固有频率是降低电机噪声和振动的基础。该文基于开关磁阻电机(SR电机)物理模型，利用3维有限元软件，全面研究了定子模态和固有频率，系统分析了绕组、端盖和安装对定子模态和固有频率的影响。研究表明，对小功率SR电机，2阶模态对噪声和振动的贡献最大。定子绕组对固有频率的影响非常严重，弹性模数远低于实心铜材，绕组不宜采用质量计入磁极或铁心的方式处理。端盖、底脚安装均导致定子固有频率明显升高。最后讨论了2维有限元模型与3维有限元模型计算结果的差异。计算结果与试验结果进行了比较验证。     

超高速永磁同步电机振动噪声分析

超高速永磁同步电机（PMSM）具有转速高、径向力波阶数低等特点,但定子易共振引发较大噪声。以1台超高速PMSM为例,依据电机实际尺寸,建立了电机电磁场模型和定子结构的3D模态模型。采用有限元法对该电机的径向电磁力进行仿真,分析了引起电机振动的主要电磁力谐波次数,确认了电机电磁噪声的主要来源。最后,通过ANSYS声场的声压级云图研究了超高速PMSM的电磁噪声特性。     

径向换能型超声波电机定子振动模型

提出了一种弹性叶片式径向换能型超声波电机,分析了电机的结构与工作原理,建立了定子径向自由振动和受迫振动的解析模型,同时,为了进行对比验证,建立了定子振动的有限元模型进行模态分析和谐响应分析。分别采用两种模型计算得到了定子一阶径向自由振动的频率和在外加电压激励下受迫振动的径向振幅,两种模型的理论计算结果接近。采用阻抗特性分析仪测量了定子一阶径向自由振动的频率,并采用激光测振仪测量了定子外侧表面质点在外加电压作用下径向振动的振幅,将实验测试结果与理论计算结果进行对比,二者基本吻合。实验测试结果验证了所建立的定子振动的解析模型和有限元模型的有效性。最后,制作了原理性样机,验证了所提出的径向换能型超声波电机动作原理的可行性。     

开关磁阻电机定子振动的有限元分析

开关磁阻电机(SR电机)定子固有频率的研究对降低电机的噪声和优化控制策略有重要的意义,本文给出了SR电机振动模态分析的数学模型,利用ANSYS有限元软件对不同求解模型进行了详细的计算和分析.结果表明,考虑散热筋、机座和接线盒的三维模型的有限元分析结果与实验测得值有较好的一致性.     

开关型磁阻电动机固有频率解析计算

运用机电类比法分析了开关型磁阻电动机(SRM)定子振动特性，针对传统解析计算方法仅将定子凸极和绕组以附加质量归入磁轭、但不计其刚度影响的局限性，提出了基于定子凸极归算算法的SRM固有频率解析计算方法。两台典型结构的SRM样机解析计算和二维有限元分析、模态实验结果表明，采取不计定子绕组影响而等效计及定子凸极对磁轭质量和刚度影响的机械阻抗法是一种对SRM定子振动特性进行解析分析的工程实用方法。     

行波型杆式超声电机模态频率调节

加工好的兰杰文振子型杆式超声电机其两相弯振模态频率往往会不一致,这将会影响电机的效率、输出性能以及运行的稳定性。针对该问题,提出一种在电机定子装配好的状态下对其模态频率进行调节的方法。通过定子的动力学方程和K.A.Stetson结构摄动理论,求解出修改后定子的模态频率,找到了调节两相模态频率的方法。对定子进行有限元分析,找到了定子修改的合适位置,并分析了在这些位置上进行定子修改对两相模态频率的影响。制作了定子样机,对修改前后的定子模态频率进行了测试,两相弯振模态频率之差由原来的170Hz调整到70Hz,达到了工程上的要求。从试验上验证了该文的理论和有限元分析结果。     

降低大中型异步电动机电磁噪声的槽配合选取方法

目前为了限制大中型异步电动机的电磁噪声而选用的槽配合主要是基于经验,没有考虑振动模态,有时会导致电磁噪声超标.本文对定转子齿谐波和饱和谐波引起的电磁力波详细理论分析的基础上,给出了考虑定子模态时槽配合选取方法.该方法主要是利用优化转子槽数来合理选取槽配合,以达到限制电磁噪声的目的.以AYKKS00-10型电机为例,通过...     

合适的槽配合降低变频调速电动机电磁噪音

采用测量样机电磁噪音声压值与有限元法分析定子固有振动频率相结合的方法,对变频异步电机产生高频电磁噪音的原因进行分析,发现定、转子槽配合不当产生的低阶电磁力波会引起电机共振,利用交流电机电磁力波分析计算方法提出改进措施,给出合适的定转子槽配合。经对样机进行噪音对比试验,证明高频电磁噪音得到抑制,效果显著。     

Electro-mechanical analysis of the audible noise of an inverter-fedsquirrel-cage induction motor

The audible noise emitted by a three-phase squirrel cage induction motor fed by a frequency inverter is determined by the electromagnetic and mechanical behavior of the components of the drive. A computerized analysis method is described that uses theoretical and experimental data for predicting the audible noise spectrum components. Starting from the inverter voltage and the motor data, the electromagnetic forces are predicted and analyzed. The mechanical natural frequencies are considered, either in a theoretical (finite element calculation) or in an experimental (modal analysis) methodology, to predict the vibrational behavior of the machine. The scheme contains the following steps: analysis of the frequency spectrum of the inverter used; synthesis of the magnetic force spectrum accounting for the motor data: calculation or measurement of the resonant data of the stator assembly; and comparison of the force spectrum and the resonant data. These various steps are discussed     

鼠笼异步电动机电磁噪声的仿真分析

依据鼠笼异步电动机电磁噪声产生的机理,该文从电磁力、机械振动和声辐射特性三个方面进行仿真得到电磁噪声。利用电压作为输入的场路耦合时步有限元模型计算电流、磁场和径向电磁力,并分析径向电磁力的谐波;基于机械有限元模型研究定子振动模态以及在电磁力激励下的振动响应;利用声学边界元模型计算电动机的辐射声场。试验测量结果验证了电磁噪声仿真计算的有效性。基于该文电磁噪声仿真方法可在设计阶段对电磁噪声进行定量预估,有助于低噪声电动机的设计研发。     

Vibration modes and acoustic noise in a four-phase switchedreluctance motor

Acoustic noise in the switched reluctance motor (SRM) is caused primarily by the deformation of the stator lamination stack. Acoustic noise is most severe when the periodic excitation of the SRM phases excites a natural vibration mode of the stack. The natural vibration modes and frequencies of a four-phase, 8/6 SRM are examined. Structural finite element analysis is used to compute the natural modes and frequencies. Impulse tests on the stator stack verify the calculations and show which modes are excited. Heuristic arguments are developed to predict the operating conditions that will excite the natural modes. Measurement of vibration while the machine is under load shows which operating conditions excite the natural modes and verifies the predictions. An approximate formula is derived to predict the frequency of the fundamental vibration mode in terms of lamination dimensions and material properties. The formula is validated by comparison with finite element calculations for several laminations, and hence is shown to be useful in design trade-off studies     

不对称磁障对IPMSM电磁振动噪声的影响分析

针对目前一些采用不对称磁障法降低内置式永磁同步电机(IPMSM)转矩脉动的研究并未细致分析其对电机电磁振动噪声产生何种影响的问题,以一台37 kW IPMSM为研究对象,建立了原始电机和具有不对称磁障结构电机的电磁场有限元模型与振动噪声耦合模型,对比分析了不对称磁障结构对电机振动噪声的影响。从理论上分析了永磁电机径向电磁力波的阶次、频率特征,并利用有限元法与二维傅里叶分解法对得到的气隙处径向电磁力波进行分解。建立定子结构有限元模型,对其进行模态分析。在仿真平台搭建振动噪声耦合模型,仿真得到电机定子振动响应与电磁噪声。结果表明,采用不对称磁障的设计方法虽然能降低电机的转矩脉动并且不会牺牲电机输出转矩,但会产生其他倍频的电磁力,增加相对应频率点的振动响应,增大电机的振动噪声,设计时需综合考虑。     

基于转子辅助槽的PMSM电磁振动噪声削弱方法研究

电机气隙中的径向电磁力作用于定子齿部,通过定子、机座传递到空气中,产生了振动噪声。针对实际工程中噪声突出问题,解析径向电磁力得到产生振动噪声的主要阶次和频率,分析电机的定子模态得到不同空间阶次下的频率。考虑电机转子凸极,提出一种转子开辅助槽配合增加气隙宽度的方法改善电机的声振特性。通过搭建优化前后的电机有限元模型,在加速工况下对比6f1和12f1频率（f1为基波频率）的电磁力,以及24阶次和48阶次下的A计权声压级,验证所提方法的有效性。最后在实际样机上测试加速工况下24阶次和48阶次的振动水平和声压级。试验结果表明,所提转子开辅助槽配合改变气隙宽度的方法能够有效降低电机整体的振动噪声。     

商用电动车用永磁同步电机电磁振动噪声削弱方法

电磁振动噪声是电机振动噪声的主要噪声源,直接影响电机的NVH特性,而电磁力是影响电磁振动噪声的主要原因。本文基于解析推导法和Ansys多物理仿真平台,针对一台250 kW的商用电动车用永磁同步电机进行研究并对其电磁振动进行了分析,指出电机气隙磁密的变化将会影响电机定子齿受到的电磁力,从而影响电磁振动噪声。本文提出了一种通过在转子表面增加凹口的转子结构改进方案以削弱电磁振动噪声,并对改进前后电机的电磁、模态、振动、噪声进行仿真计算与对比分析。经过对比优化前后的分析结果可知,优化后的电机方案在保证平均转矩基本不变的前提下,转矩脉动得到降低,电磁振动噪声得到削弱。