红花油衍生多元醇的合成

用两步法合成出绿色化学品红花油衍生多元醇，即蔗糖酯。通过正交实验以及对各影响因素的考察，优选出了酯交换反应的最佳合成方案。蔗糖：红花油乙酯=1：0．8（mol：m01），皂用量15％，催化剂用量为2％，反应温度135℃，反应时间2h，压力≤5mmHg。通过对产物进行TLC分析，表明产物主要为红花油蔗糖单酯、二酯。采用红外光谱对产物结构进行表征。反应收率为60％。     

无溶剂法合成食品添加剂菜籽油蔗糖酯的研究

在碱催化条件下,先由甲醇和菜籽油反应制得脂肪酸甲酯.然后以脂肪酸甲酯和蔗糖为原料,在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下进行酯交换反应合成了蔗糖脂肪酸酯.详细考察了反应过程中乳化剂及催化剂用量,反应时间,反应温度,酯糖比,压力等因素对合成蔗糖酯产率的影响.确定了最佳的合成工艺条件,即乳化剂用量为反应物总质量的9%,催化剂用量为7%,反应温度130℃,反应时间5h,n(脂肪酸甲酯)∶n(蔗糖)=3∶1,压力4.45KPa.该条件下,菜籽油蔗糖酯的产率可高达72.4%,其临界胶束浓度(CMC)为1.86g/L,表面张力为29.4mN/m,乳化力为122s,亲水性能为9.86mL,HLB值为11.5.     

响应面法优化蔗糖多酯的合成工艺

以油酸甲酯和蔗糖为原料,十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为相转移催化剂,采用两步无溶剂法合成蔗糖多酯。以蔗糖多酯收率和酯化度为指标,考察反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量、反应物摩尔比对蔗糖多酯合成效果的影响,用响应面法对蔗糖多酯的合成工艺条件进行优化。实验结果表明,蔗糖多酯最佳合成条件为:反应时间5.1 h,反应温度139.5℃,催化剂用量2.86%,油酸甲酯与蔗糖的摩尔比10∶1。在最佳条件下,蔗糖多酯收率达到86.20%,酯化度为6.69。     

自生压条件下三种催化剂对红花油脂肪酸二聚作用的影响

以红花油为原料，皂化酸解后得到复合脂肪酸。研究了在自生压条件下，蒙脱土、高岭土和二氧化锆3种催化剂对红花油复合脂肪酸二聚作用的影响。结果表明，在加料量140mL（脂肪酸与反应容器的体积比为0．47）、加水量2％、搅拌速度550r／min的条件下，红花油脂肪酸二聚化制备二聚酸的适宜条件为：（1）催化剂蒙脱土的用量9％，催化助剂Li2CO3用量0．6％，反应温度280℃，反应时间4h，产率74．99％；（2）催化剂高岭土用量9％，催化助剂Li2CO3用量0．5％，反应温度280℃，反应时间5h，产率72．16％；（3）催化剂二氧化锆用量7％，催化助剂Li2CO3用量0．7％，反应温度260℃，反应时间5h，产率为67．49％。     

蔗糖脂肪酸酯的合成工艺研究

以废弃油脂生产的脂肪酸甲酯和蔗糖为原料,无溶剂法合成蔗糖酯.通过单因素试验和正交试验确定最佳工艺条件为:脂肪酸甲酯与蔗糖摩尔比2.5∶1,催化剂无水碳酸钾用量为原料总质量的3％,乳化剂脂肪酸钾用量为原料总质量的15％,反应温度135 ℃,反应时间4h.在最佳工艺条件下,蔗糖酯产率为78.9％.所合成的蔗糖酯的HLB值为11,红外表征确证了蔗糖酯的合成.     

脲包法富集高纯度红花油亚油酸甲酯的研究

以亚油酸含量81．74％的红花油为原料，采用先碱性醇解，后尿素包合的方法。从红花油中富集亚油酸。通过正交试验，确定了尿素一次包合法富集高纯度亚油酸甲酯的最佳工艺条件：混合脂肪酸甲酯：尿素：甲醇为1．04：1：4(W／W／V)，包合温度-10℃，包合时间24h，亚油酸甲酯得率72．95％，纯度99．27％。     

蔗糖混合脂肪酸酯制备工艺研究

以KOH与混合脂肪酸甲酯首先皂化反应生成部分中性皂作为乳化分散剂,蔗糖和脂肪酸甲酯在碳酸钾催化下发生酯交换反应合成蔗糖酯。正交试验得到最佳反应工艺条件：蔗糖0.3mol（102g）、脂肪酸甲酯／蔗糖摩尔比2、皂化剂KOH8.2％（蔗糖质量）、甲醇用量40％（蔗糖质量）、碳酸钾催化剂2％（蔗糖质量）、反应温度135℃、-0.03MPa负压下反应3h,蔗糖酯产品的最高得率为64.2％,并对蔗糖酯产品进行红外表征。     

中心组合设计优化红花油脂肪酸单甘酯的合成条件

采用中心组合设计法研究了合成红花油脂肪酸单甘酯的三个关键因子:碱催化剂用量wt%、反应温度℃、甘油与红花油的摩尔比对其产率的影响,得到了三因子与单甘酯产率的回归方程以及三因素之间相互作用的响应面图。优化结果表明,碱催化剂用量为0.142%、反应温度194.3℃、甘油与红花油摩尔比3.05时,红花油脂肪酸单甘酯产率可达64.8%,比正交实验结果(62.54%)提高3.6%。     

脂肪酸甲酯-甘油体系醇解法合成单甘酯的研究

考察了脂肪酸甲酯醇解法制备单甘酯。实验结果表明，反应时间、配料比、反应温度、催化剂用量及种类对产品的纯度和颜色有较大影响。脂肪酸甲酯与甘油比在1：3，催化剂Ca(OH)2约0．4％(甲酯质量计)，在适当的温度和反应时间时，通过蒸馏除去甲醇可以得到46％的单甘酯产品。     

甘油聚氧乙烯醚油酸酯的合成及应用

研究了甘油聚氧乙烯醚（EO=25）与油酸进行酯化反应的工艺条件，探讨了反应物的量比、反应温度、反应时间、催化剂等因素对产品性能的影响，甘油聚氧乙烯醚油酸酯的优化合成工艺为：n（甘油聚氧乙烯醚）：n（油酸）=1：2，120℃反应4h，催化剂用量为0．5％．测试了产品的移染性，结果表明：甘油聚氧乙烯醚油酸酯具有较好的移染性，可以作为涤纶高温匀染剂的主要成分．     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press