共查询到16条相似文献,搜索用时 58 毫秒
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几种植物的杀虫活性初探 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
首次报道黄连(根)和菟丝子(种子)的杀虫活性。用1%浓度的甲醇提取物处理试虫后,所筛选的植物巾菟丝子种子和李叶绣线菊茎的甲醇提取物对家蝇48h的毒杀作用强,分别为100.00%和75.86%,单面针叶和阔叶十大功劳茎叶也有较好的毒杀作用,分别为58.62%和67.86%。黄连根甲醇提取物24h和大叶醉鱼草茎叶甲醇提取物48h对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的拒食率分别为76.48%和76.50%,且出现虫体细且短小、头部宽大、与腹部极不对称和化蛹延迟现象,大黄和阔叶十大功劳也表现出一定的毒杀或拒食或抑制生长发育现象。所筛选的特有植物对赤拟谷盗种群的毒杀作用和繁殖抑制作用较低。毒杀作用最强的为大叶醉鱼草茎叶,处理后30d,赤拟谷盗的死亡率为40.16%,繁殖抑制率最强的为黄连根,处理后60d,繁殖抑制率为46.38%。以甲醇冷浸提取法对所采集的植物材料进行冷浸提取时,提取率分布在1.41%~7.06%之间。 相似文献
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麻疯树籽油生物柴油与0#柴油的混配性质 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
目前,生物柴油主要用于与石化柴油制成混配物使用。混配物的性质对储运、使用产生重要影响。研究了两种来源的麻疯树籽油与甲醇进行酯交换反应制备得到的生物柴油与0#柴油混配物的密度、硫含量、运动黏度、冷滤点和闪点等性质。结果表明,混配物的密度随生物柴油体积分数增加呈线性增加;硫含量随生物柴油体积分数增加而线性减小;混配物的运动黏度可以根据生物柴油与石化柴油的密度、黏度及体积分数预测;混配物的闪点在生物柴油体积分数小于40%时随着生物柴油体积分数增加缓慢,在大于40%,特别是大于70%以后增加迅速。混配物的冷滤点相对麻疯树籽油生物柴油和0#柴油的冷滤点无明显变化。 相似文献
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研究了脂肪酸环氧-开环-酯化三步反应制备聚酯多元醇,比较了3种不同碘值的脂肪酸原料制备的聚酯多元醇及其聚氨酯泡沫(PUF)性能。脂肪酸碘值越高多元醇的羟值也越高:1#、2#和3#聚酯多元醇羟值分别为:261.47 mgKOH/g、370.28 mgKOH/g和434.49 mgKOH/g。3种多元醇的相对分子量为600~2000。3种泡沫的压缩和弯曲性能与泡沫密度成正比。泡沫SEM分析显示:羟值较高的多元醇泡沫2#和3#泡沫孔结构较规则,以正五边形和正六边形居多;1#泡沫泡孔不规则,易变形。对3种泡沫的TG-DSC、DTG分析结果表明:3种泡沫的热分解温度都约为300 ℃,具有较好热稳定性。 相似文献
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Andrés León-Villanueva Laura Gabriela Espinosa-Alonso Chibuike C. Udenigwe Maribel Valdez-Morales Angel Valdez-Ortiz Ana P. Barba de la Rosa Sergio Medina-Godoy 《Journal of the American Oil Chemists' Society》2022,99(6):511-523
Jatropha curcas seeds are a suitable source of oil for biofuel, among other use. A protein-rich meal is obtained after oilseed extraction. The goals of this study were to determine the physicochemical and functional properties of a nontoxic genotype of J. curcas defatted meal (JCDM) and the seed storage protein fractions to identify future applications. Both glutelin and globulin were the predominant protein fractions obtained from JCDM (42.03 and 20.17 g/100 g of protein, respectively). Leucine, phenylalanine + tyrosine, and histidine content of JCDM and protein fractions met the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization recommendation for children. The protein solubility (PS) profiles showed minimum values (5.3%–59.7%) at pH 5–6 and maximum at pH 2 (79.7%–81.6%) and above pH 10 (84.6%–89.8%). These findings suggest that JCDM proteins could be used in the formulation of juice or protein-based beverages. All the proteins showed the highest values for foam expansion (231%–285%) at pH 9. JCDM and the albumin fraction formed highly stable foams at pH 9, while the globulin and glutelin foams were stable at pH 3 and 2, respectively. Protein with stable foams, like those from jatropha are suitable for application in ice cream, mousse, among others. The emulsion activity index had similar behavior as foam expansion, but did not follow a specific trend. Thus, the proteins are suitable for use in salad dressing, sausages, comminuted meats, and mayonnaise. Taken together, JCDM protein and its soluble protein fractions have strong promise as alternative proteins for food structuring. 相似文献
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麻疯树油制备生物柴油的酯交换工艺研究 总被引:31,自引:1,他引:31
以麻疯树油为原料,研究了生产生物柴油过程中的酯交换反应条件的影响及反应动力学。结果表明,酯交换反应的适宜操作条件为:油∶甲醇=1∶6(摩尔比),使用油重的1.3%的KOH为催化剂,在64℃下反应20 m in,甲酯收率达98%以上。在优化反应条件的基础上,研究了其动力学特征,32℃和51℃时的反应速率常数k分别为0.6627 L/(m in.mol)和0.9474 L/(m in.mol),反应的活化能约为Ea=15.46 kJ/mol。 相似文献