采用增益均衡技术的Er^3＋／Vb^3＋双包层光纤放大器

根据长周期光纤光栅（LPG）的透射谱公式，分析了长周期光纤光栅均衡滤波器的特性，并对Er^3＋／Yb^3＋双包层光纤和集束熔锥耦合结构的光纤放大器进行了实验研究。结合不使用增益平坦技术条件下增益特性曲线的特点，设计了一种由三个LPG组成的均衡滤波器。实验结果表明，在1525～1565nm波段上实现了50个信道的WDM光放大输出，平坦度为0．3dB。     

基于长周期光纤光栅的增益均衡器设计

运用耦合模理论,通过对长周期光纤光栅形成的光纤中导模和包层模耦合的分析计算,设计了一个由三个长周期光纤光栅组成的掺铒光纤放大器的增益平坦滤波器。针对掺铒光纤放大器的一个典型增益曲线,这一滤波器可实现33nm带宽内小于0．3dB的增益平坦,而且所选取的基准增益得到保留,基准增益对应的增益带宽损失很小。     

长周期光纤光栅(LPG)均衡滤波器在光纤放大器中的应用

根据耦合模理论 ,给出了两级关联和非关联长周期光纤光栅的透射率表达式 ,从而指出在进行LPG均衡滤波器设计时 ,应采用非关联的光栅 ,可以构成灵活多变的透射谱 ,非常适合光纤放大器的不同增益谱对均衡滤波器传输特性 (透射谱 )的不同要求。以此为基础 ,设计和模拟计算了 LPG均衡光纤宽带放大器的增益及噪声谱。结果表明 ,采用均衡滤波方式是使光纤放大器增益平坦的有效方法     

长周期光纤光栅及其组合透射谱的仿真研究

根据耦合模理论及模耦合方程推导了长周期光纤光栅的透射系数，反射比以及级联长周期光纤光栅的透射系数表达式，用Matlab对其进行仿真研究，并总结了长周期光纤光栅透射谱特性随光栅长度、周期及耦合系数的变化规律，通过仿真实验，验证了系统特性．     

采用增益均衡技术的Er3+/Yb3+双包层光纤放大器

根据长周期光纤光栅(LPG)的透射谱公式,分析了长周期光纤光栅均衡滤波器的特性,并对Er3 /Yb3 双包层光纤和集束熔锥耦合结构的光纤放大器进行了实验研究.结合不使用增益平坦技术条件下增益特性曲线的特点,设计了一种由三个LPG组成的均衡滤波器.实验结果表明,在1 525～1 565 nm波段上实现了50个信道的WDM光放大输出,平坦度为0.3 dB.     

长周期光栅滤波器可增大掺铒光纤放大器的带宽

位于纽约贝尔实验室最新研究成果表明：采用长周期光栅滤波器可提高低噪声掺饵光纤放大器的增益平坦度，带宽可超过40nm。EDFA分为两级：第一级激光二极管泵浦波长为980nm；第二级泵浦波长为1480nm。采用掺铝硅光纤和掺饵硅光纤，在1530nm附近的衰耗为6．0dB，实验指出：达到高增益平坦度的技术关键在于使用长周期光栅滤波器，将它放在两级光放大器之间，起隔离器的作用，滤波器的基本结构是使单模光纤纤芯的折射指数呈光栅形，将光信号从基模耦合到包层模中去。光栅的插入损耗低，后向反射小，呈源谱式滤波器，实验还表明：通过不断改进…     

啁啾光纤光栅EDFA增益平坦滤波器的设计与制作

采用啁啾相位掩膜板和程控扫描曝光技术,在经过载氢增敏处理的普通单模光纤上制作出可以用于掺铒光纤放大器(EDFA)增益谱平坦化的啁啾光纤布喇格光栅(CFBG)型增益平坦滤波器(GFF),运用数值解析的方法得到曝光量曲线,并将之分解成曝光频率、曝光功率密度、光斑尺寸和光纤移动速度的曝光函数,按照曝光函数进行程控扫描曝光从而精确控制光栅的反射率.对制作的CFBG进行退火老化处理和温度补偿及保护封装,封装后GFF的温漂系数在-20～ 70 ℃内变化小于1 pm/℃,经平坦后的EDFA增益谱在30 nm带宽范围内,不平坦度＜±0.3 dB.根据不同的EDFA的ASE谱,可程控给出不同的曝光函数,以制作具有不同反射谱的CFBG型GFF.     

基于高双折射光纤环形镜L-band EDFA增益平坦实验

采用高双折射光纤环形镜进行了L bandEDFA的增益平坦实验。调节环内的偏振控制器,可以改变环的反射谱或透射谱的位置和深度;改变环内高双折射光纤的长度,可以改变环的反射谱或透射谱的波长响应周期。适当选取双折射光纤的长度和调节偏振控制器使环形镜的反射谱EDFA的增益谱相匹配。实现了L bandEDFA的增益平坦。双级结构的L bandEDFA经高双折射光纤环形镜平坦后,在1570～1595nm范围内,平均增益18.6dB,增益平坦度达±0.57dB。     

长周期光纤光栅及其组合透射谱的仿真研究

根据耦合模理论及模耦合方程推导了长周期光纤光栅的透射系数、反射比以及级联长周期光纤光栅的透射系数表达式,用Matlab对其进行仿真研究,并总结了长周期光纤光栅透射谱特性随光栅长度、周期及耦合系数的变化规律,通过仿真实验,验证了系统特性.     

用于S波段光纤拉曼放大器增益平坦的长周期光纤光栅设计

根据实际所测得的S波段光纤拉曼放大器的信号增益谱,通过对长周期光纤光栅具体参数的选定,由两个长周期光纤光栅级联滤波的组合,可以使增益图谱在50nm(1485～1535nm)带宽内,增益平坦度达到士0．6dB以内．由三个长周期光纤光栅级联滤波组合,可以使增益图谱在49nm(1490～1539nm)带宽内,增益平坦度达到0．5dB,55nm(1485～1540nm)带宽内,增益平坦度达到1dB．这对扩大长周期光纤光栅增益平坦滤波器的运用范围,扩大单泵浦S波段光纤拉曼放大器的有效增益带宽有着积极的意义．     

Design and characterization of finite-length fiber gratings

A rigorous analysis of the response of fiber Bragg gratings of finite length is presented. For the discrete grating model, we find necessary and sufficient conditions for the response to be realizable as a grating of finite length. These conditions are used to develop a general method for designing gratings with a prescribed length. The design process is divided into two parts. First, we find a realizable reflection spectrum which approximates the target spectrum. Once the spectrum is found, one can determine the associated grating profile by straightforward layer-peeling inverse-scattering or transfer matrix factorization methods. As an example, a dispersionless bandpass filter is designed and compared to the results when the layer-peeling algorithm is applied directly to a windowed impulse response. We also discuss potential applications to grating characterization including regularization and finding the absolute reflection spectrum from a measured, normalized version.     

60 km色散补偿8×50 GHz光纤光栅梳状滤波器设计

设计了一种新颖的60km色散补偿8信道50GHz信道间隔的啁啾光纤Bragg光栅(CFBG)梳状滤波器。采用基于LP算法的IS光纤光栅设计技术,设计出CFBG的折射率调制函数和啁啾分布。根据设计得出的耦合系数分布,采用传输矩阵法分析所设计CFBG的反射谱、时延曲线和群时延抖动。结果表明,所设计的CFBG不仅满足了设计指标要求,性能优良,而且在已知的制作技术条件下可以实现。     

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器的理论及实验研究

对影响光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器特性的几个重要因素(光纤光栅长度、耦合系数、内腔反射系数)进行了理论分析和数值模拟。从实验上进行了验证,实测了不同反射率情况下激光器的激射光谱,得到了带宽为0.1nm、出纤功率达417.4μW、边模抑制比高达37.9dB的激光谱线。验证的结果表明,理论分析、数值模拟、实验结果是吻合的。     

线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅反射谱的数值模拟

为了研究线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅的特性,并进一步把它用于光纤激光器上,介绍了线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅的耦合模理论,采用4阶Runge-Kutta法和传输矩阵法结合控制变量法,对线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅反射率与啁啾系数、半峰全宽与光栅长度、反射率与直流纤芯折射率改变量之间的关系进行了数值模拟。结果表明,线性啁啾光纤布喇格光纤可以展宽带宽。基于这个结论,提出了利用线性啁啾光纤布喇格光栅作为光纤激光器腔镜,使输出谱线展宽,从而可作为宽带光源使用的方案。     

Inverse scattering algorithm for reconstructing strongly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings

We demonstrate a new inverse scattering algorithm for reconstructing the structure of highly reflecting fiber Bragg gratings. The method, called integral layer-peeling (ILP), is based on solving the Gel'fand-Levitan-Marchenko (GLM) integral equation in a layer-peeling procedure. Unlike in previously published layer-peeling algorithms, the structure of each layer in the ILP algorithm can have a nonuniform profile. Moreover, errors due to the limited bandwidth used to sample the reflection coefficient do not rapidly accumulate along the grating. Therefore, the error in the new algorithm is smaller than in previous layer peeling algorithms. The ILP algorithm is compared to two discrete layer-peeling algorithms and to an iterative solution to the GLM equation. The comparison shows that the ILP algorithm enables one to solve numerically difficult inverse scattering problems, where previous algorithms failed to give an accurate result. The complexity of the ILP algorithm is of the same order as in previous layer peeling algorithms. When a small error is acceptable, the complexity of the ILP algorithm can be significantly reduced below the complexity of previously published layer-peeling algorithms.     

Analysis of second-order gratings

The results of an analysis of second-order gratings used as distributed Bragg reflectors in surface-emitting lasers are presented. The gratings provide reflection, output coupling, and power transmission to other gain segments for purposes of injection locking. The analysis determines these quantities for arbitrary-shaped grating teeth and includes the presence of a substrate reflector to reduce the radiated power in that direction. The reflector is shown to be effective, but only if it can be precisely positioned. Examples illustrating variations in dimensions, tooth shapes and heights, waveguide loss, and detuning are included. Second-order, square gratings, whose conventional coupling coefficient is identically zero, exhibit substantial reflectivity which is primarily produced by the radiation reaction. The analysis also forms the basis for calculating the far-field grating coupled radiation patterns     

基于多次曝光法啁啾光纤光栅的研究

使用多次曝光制作啁啾布拉格光纤光栅的方法,通过此种方法,目前已研制出啁啾光纤光栅的时延量大于2600ps,时延纹波小于30ps,光纤光栅反射谱的平坦度小于0.25dB,制成的FBG很适合远距离光通信系统.     

纯切趾线性啁啾长周期光纤光栅的研究

为进一步拓宽长周期光纤光栅在光通信领域中的应用,在长周期光纤光栅中引入纯切趾包络和线性啁啾,构成光谱特性更为丰富的纯切趾线性啁啾长周期光纤光栅。采用耦合模理论,对纯切趾线性啁啾长周期光纤光栅中的模式耦合特性进行了研究,给出了纯切趾线性啁啾长周期光纤光栅的耦合系数和耦合模方程。在此基础上,详细研究了啁啾和切趾对长周期光纤光栅光谱特性的影响,讨论了纯切趾长周期光纤光栅用作色散补偿器的结构特性和色散补偿机制。最后,设计出一种采用两个相同光栅对称级联的基于纯切趾线性啁啾长周期光纤光栅的色散补偿器,该器件的3dB带宽为0.16nm,3dB带宽内的色散值约为-1954psnm,时延曲线偏离线性的波动幅度小于±2.5ps。     

基于可调谐激光器的光纤光栅高速解调的时延误差补偿方法

基于可调谐激光器的光纤光栅(fiber Bragg grating, FBG)解调仪用于FBG传感器的远距离、高速测量时,光传输时延会导致显著的波长解调误差。本文设计了一种补偿光传输时延导致的FBG解调误差的方法,可调谐激光器在工作光频率范围内进行高线性度的正向、反向扫描,利用正向、反向扫描过程中的光电探测信号的FBG反射峰差异,对光传输时延导致的波长解调误差进行补偿。试验结果表明,在50 kHz解调频率和100 m连接光纤长度条件下,将光传输时延导致的波长解调误差由2 nm降低到小于10pm。     

Influence of modulator chirp in assessing the performance implications of the group delay ripple of dispersion compensating fiber Bragg gratings

The implications that the group delay ripple (GDR) of a dispersion compensating fiber Bragg grating have on transmission system performance depend on the chirp of the modulated optical signal. The wide range in the chirp properties of optical modulators and the irregular variation of the GDR over the modulated signal bandwidth make it difficult to obtain general results for the transmission performance. Using four modulators with distinct chirp properties and measured reflection spectra for two dispersion compensating gratings (DCGs), the combined effect of modulator chirp and GDR on the performance of 10-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero dispersion compensated systems is considered. Calculated and measured results demonstrate that, to accurately assess the implications of the GDR, the chirp properties of the modulated optical signal must be considered. The relative performance obtained for distinct modulators may vary significantly, depending on the details of the chirp and GDR.