Modeling the recrystallization textures of aluminum alloys after hot deformation

The recrystallization textures of aluminum alloys can be explained by a growth selection of grains with an approximate 40° 〈111〉 orientation relationship out of a limited spectrum of preferentially formed nucleus orientations. Accordingly, recrystallization textures can be modeled by the multiplication of a function f(g)^nucl describing the probability of nucleation of the various orientations with a function f(g)^grow representing their growth probability. Whereas the growth probability can be accounted for by a 40° 〈111〉 transformation of the rolling texture, the nucleation probability of the respective grains is given by the distribution of potential nucleus orientations, which is known from local texture analysis of rolled aluminum alloys to be cube bands, grain boundaries, and second-phase particles. The contributions of these nucleation sites are determined according to an approach to calculate the number of nuclei forming at each site, which is based on microstructural investigations of the evolution of the various nucleation sites during deformation. This article describes the model for recrystallization texture simulation in aluminum alloys and gives examples of recrystallization textures of AA3004 deformed in plane-strain compression at different deformation temperatures and strain rates. O. Engler earned his Ph.D. in physical metallurgy at the University of Technology at Aachen, Germany, in 1990. He is currently a long-term visiting staff member at Los Alamos National Laboratory. Dr. Engler is a member of TMS. H.E. Vatne earned his Ph.D. in physical metallurgy at the Norwegian Institute for Science and Technology, Trondheim, in 1995. He is currently a research scientist at Hydro Aluminum.     

Dynamic recovery and recrystallization in titanium alloys by hot deformation

The microstructural change of β titanium alloys, Ti-15V-3Cr-3Sn-3Al and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, and an (α+β) titanium alloy, Ti-6Al-4V, during hot deformation at temperatures in β single-phase and (α+β) two-phase regions was studied. For the β titanium alloys, dynamic recovery takes place dominantly within β grains during deformation in the β single-phase region although some discontinuous dynamic recrystallization occurs along β grain boundaries. The size and fraction of recrystallized β grains increase as strain rate decreases or the deformation temperature rises.     

钒对20MnSi钢的热变形再结晶的影响

利用在Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机上进行的单道次压缩实验来研究20MnSi和20MnSiV钢的动态再结晶;双道次压缩实验来研究二者的静态再结晶,并进行对比分析,得到微合金元素钒对20MnSi钢热变形再结晶行为的影响。     

ZK60镁合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶动力学

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对ZK60镁合金在温度为200～400℃、应变速率为0.001～10s-1、最大变形量为60%的条件下进行恒应变速率高温压缩实验,研究高温变形过程中合金的动态再结晶行为;采用EM模型描述合金的动态回复曲线,以此为基础,得出ZK60合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶动力学Avrami方程.利用有限元模拟合金热压缩过程中的动态再结晶.结果表明ZK60合金热压缩过程中由于存在动态再结晶的软化作用,流变应力达到峰值后逐渐减小,并最终达到稳态;随着变形量的增加和变形温度的升高,动态再结晶体积分数增加,合金变形更加均匀;随着应变速率的增加,动态再结晶分数有所减小,且.变形也更不均匀.     

6061铝合金热变形行为及动态再结晶研究

通过Gleeble-3500热压缩模拟试验机对6061铝合金进行热压缩实验,借助金相显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究合金在变形温度为340℃?490℃,应变速率为0.001s-1?1s-1条件下热变形和动态再结晶行为。结果表明：合金的动态再结晶行为对变形温度和应变速率十分敏感,温度的升高和应变速率的减小都会促进动态再结晶的发生。基于峰值应力建立了合金热变形本构方程,计算得出热变形激活能为235.155kJ·mol-1。采用加工硬化率-流变应力曲线确定了合金热变形过程中的临界应力（应变）和峰值应力（应变）与Z参数的关系模型。随着温度的升高和应变速率的减小,DRX临界应力(应变)和峰值应力(应变)而减小。依据Avrami方程建立了合金动态再结晶体积分数模型,动态再结晶体积分数随应变的增加,呈现先缓慢增加后迅速增加再缓慢增加的特征,所建模型能够较为准确的预测该合金的动态再结晶行为。     

7050铝合金热变形程度对再结晶及其性能的影响

7050铝合金热变形过程中变形程度对再结晶有重要的影响,而其各项性能与再结晶程度有关。厚度为40 mm的7050铝合金板材在410℃,以1 mm·s~(-1)的速度分别压至25,20,15和10 mm。不同热变形程度的试样固溶、时效后,观察其金相组织、透射形貌,检测其硬度、电导率、室温拉伸、疲劳及晶间腐蚀性能等。实验结果表明,7050铝合金随着热压过程中变形程度的增加,再结晶程度逐渐上升。变形程度的增加使得再结晶晶粒增多,从而7050铝合金各项力学性能得到显著地提高,其中维氏硬度提高26 HV,屈服强度及抗拉强度分别提高36和51 MPa,疲劳断裂循环次数提高376万次,但抗腐蚀性能稍有下降。     

7085铝合金的热变形组织演变及动态再结晶模型

通过等温压缩实验,系统研究热变形参数(变形温度、应变速率及应变量)对7085铝合金热变形组织演变的影响。结果表明:升高变形温度以及降低应变速率,均有利于7085铝合金的动态再结晶发生,导致变形后的7085铝合金位错密度降低,再结晶晶粒尺寸增大;随着应变量的增加,变形后的合金位错密度降低,动态再结晶体积分数增大。采用线性回归方法建立包括峰值应变方程、临界应变方程、动态再结晶动力学方程以及动态再结晶晶粒尺寸方程的7085铝合金动态再结晶模型。     

Dynamic recrystallization and texture development during hot deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31

The dynamic recrystallization(DRX) and texture development, taking place during hot deformation of magnesium alloy AZ31 with a strong wire texture, were studied in compression at 673 K (0.73 Tm). Two kinds of samples were machined parallelly to the extruded and transverse directions of Mg alloy rods. New fine grains are evolved at original grain boundaries corrugated at low strains and develop rapidly in the medium range of strain, finally leading to a roughly full evolution of equiaxial fine grains. Kink bands are evolved at grain boundaries corrugated and also frequently in grain interiors at low strains. The boundary misorientations of kink band increase rapidly with increasing strain and approach a saturation value in high strain. The average size of the regions fragmented by kink band is almost the same as that of new grains evolved in high strain. These characteristics of new grain evolution process are not changed by the orientation of the samples, while the flow behaviors clearly depend on it. It is concluded that new grain evolution can be controlled by a deformation-induced continuous reaction, i.e. continuous dynamic recrystallization(DRX). The latter is discussed by comparing with conventional, i.e. discontinuous DRX.     

5083铝合金热压缩变流变应力行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上,当变形温度为300～500 ℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1、真应变为0～0.8时,采用圆柱体等温热压缩实验研究5083铝合金变形流变应力行为.通过分析流变应力指数函数中系数A、β与应变的关系,建立Zener-Hollomon参数的指数关系本构方程.运用该本构方程对5083铝合金不同应变速率、变形温度及应变条件下的流变应力进行预测,发现流变应力预测值与温升修正值吻合得相当好.     

2026铝合金热压缩变形流变应力行为

在变形温度为300～450 ℃、应变速率为0.01～10 s-1的条件下,在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上采用圆柱体压缩实验对2026铝合金热变形流变应力行为进行了研究.由试验得出变形过程中的真应力真应变曲线,并利用本构方程对流变应力值进行修正,进而根据修正后的应力值绘制功率耗散图.结果表明:变形过程中的应力值随温度的升高而降低,随应变速率的增大而升高,且修正后的稳态应力值高于未修正值;可用Zener-Hollomon参数的双曲正弦形式来描述2026铝合金热压缩变形时的流变应力行为;高温低应变速率条件下的功率耗散系数最大,该变形区发生了组织转变.     

5083铝合金热压缩变形流变应力行为

在Gleeble-1500热模拟机上,当变形温度为300-500℃、应变速率为0.01-10 s^-1、真应变为0-0.8时,采用圆柱体等温热压缩实验研究5083铝合金变形流变应力行为。通过分析流变应力指数函数中系数A、β与应变的关系,建立Zener-Hollomon参数的指数关系本构方程。运用该本构方程对5083铝合金不同应变速率、变形温度及应变条件下的流变应力进行预测,发现流变应力预测值与温升修正值吻合得相当好。     

SUPER82B硬线钢热变形行为及其数学模型研究

文章利用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机研究了SUPER82B硬线钢在温度为900℃~1050℃、变形速率为0.10s-1~10s-1条件下的热变形行为。通过奥氏体再结晶动力学回归计算了SUPER82B硬线钢的动态再结晶激活能、峰值应力σm与变形温度、应变速率之间的关系,动态再结晶临界应变εc和动态再结晶完成应变εs与ln(Z)的计算模型,给出了反映该钢动态再结晶进行过程的动态再结晶状态图等,为合理预报和控制SUPER82B硬线钢的组织和性能提供基本依据。     

强变形AZ31镁合金的静态再结晶

通过光学显微镜及SEM/EBSD观察研究强变形AZ31镁合金在300～673 K的退火行为,分析显微组织、晶粒尺寸分布、平均晶粒尺寸、硬度及变形织构随退火温度的变化.结果表明:细晶组分随着温度的升高不断降低,退火过程按退火温度可分为孕育、再结晶急速长大及晶粒正常长大3个阶段.强变形过程中,发生连续动态再结晶的镁合金在随后的退火过程中主要受晶粒长大控制,没有发生织构变化,即为连续静态再结晶.     

镍钛形状记忆合金在热压缩变形下的动态回复和动态再结晶

通过获得镍钛形状记忆合金在应变速率(0.001～1 s-1)和变形温度(600～1000℃)下的压缩真实应力—应变曲线,研究镍钛形状记忆合金在热变形下的力学行为.通过显微组织演变研究镍钛形状记忆合金的动态回复和动态再结晶,获得应变速率、变形温度和变形程度对镍钛形状记忆合金的动态回复和动态再结晶的影响规律.镍钛形状记忆合金在600℃和700℃下,动态回复和动态再结晶共存,但在其他温度下表现出完全动态再结晶.增加变形温度或降低应变速率,导致较大的等轴晶粒.变形程度对镍钛形状记忆合金的动态再结晶具有重要的影响.在镍钛形状记忆合金的动态再结晶中存在临界变形程度,当大于临界变形程度时,较大的变形程度有助于获得细小的等轴再结晶晶粒.     

316LN钢高温流动应力与动态再结晶模型

利用Gleeble热模拟压缩实验,研究316LN奥氏体不锈钢在温度950℃¹250℃、应变速率0.001s-11250℃、应变速率0.001s-1¹.0s-1下的高温变形特征,并测得相应的流动应力曲线。对实验数据进行计算拟合,建立加工硬化-动态回复和动态再结晶"两阶段"高温流动应力模型、动态再结晶百分数及晶粒尺寸模型。将所建模型写入有限元软件进行数值模拟,其结果与实验吻合,说明该模型准确可靠,可用于316LN热变形过程的数值模拟。