镁合金AZ61变形组织研究

用热模拟机对AZ61镁合金在150-400℃、0．01～10s^-1条件下进行压缩变形；利用现代冶金分析、硬度测试及扫描电镜等研究不同变形条件下AZ61镁合金的组织与性能。结果表明：AZ61镁合金压缩变形时表现出动态再结晶特征，随温度上升，再结晶容易发生且应力峰降低，再结晶晶粒变大；随应变速率上升，发生再结晶转变的临界应变增大且再结晶晶粒尺寸减小；同时在实验温度范围内，合金塑性随变形温度上升有所改善。     

铸态AZ31B镁合金热压缩实验研究

研究了铸态AZ31B镁合金在温度280～440℃和应变速率10-3～10-1s-1范围内的变形规律.结果表明:铸态AZ31B镁合金在高温下表现出较低的流变应力.其真应力-真应变曲线表现出明显的动态再结晶特征.再结晶晶粒明显细化,晶粒尺寸随着温度或Z(Zener-Hollomon常数)值的下降而增大.在低应变速率下可以得到相对均匀的变形组织.     

变形条件对AZ61镁合金力学行为的影响

用热模拟实验机对AZ61镁合金在变形温度为150℃～400℃,应变速率为0.01s-1～10s-1的条件下进行压缩变形,研究不同变形条件下AZ61镁合金的力学响应。结果表明,AZ61镁合金压缩变形时表现出动态再结晶特征,随温度上升,再结晶容易发生且应力峰降低;随变形速率增加,发生再结晶转变的临界应变增大。相比之下,变形温度对AZ61合金力学行为的影响要大于应变速率的影响。     

变形程度对铸态AZ31镁合金动态再结晶的影响

研究了铸态AZ31镁合金在温度为250～425℃、变形量为10%～40%、应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下的热压缩时动态再结晶的变化规律,分析了流变应力与变形程度的关系。结果表明:铸态AZ31镁合金在应变速率为0.01 s-1的条件下进行热压缩变形,变形程度达到40%时,材料会发生断裂;当应变速率和变形温度一定时,流变应力随变形程度的增大不断增加,在达到峰值后逐渐降低,表现出明显的动态再结晶的特征;且随变形程度的增大,动态再结晶晶粒越来越多。     

AZ91镁合金的热变形特征及组织演变

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟机对AZ91镁合金进行了高温压缩变形实验,分析了该合金在变形温度为250~400℃、应变速率为0.001~1 s-1条件下流变应力及组织演变规律。结果表明:合金的热变形过程均表现出明显的动态再结晶特征,其流变应力及组织均受变形温度和应变速率的因素影响显著;流变应力随变形温度的升高、应变速率的减小而降低,而再结晶晶粒尺寸则随之增大,且再结晶程度进行越为充分,其再结晶晶粒大小基本随Z参数自然对数值的增大而呈指数递减规律。     

铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金的热压缩变形试验研究

采用Gleeble-3500热模拟试验机,在变形温度300℃~420℃、应变速率0.000 5 s-1~0.5 s-1的变形条件下,对铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金进行热压缩试验。试验研究了该合金的高温流动应力变化规律,采用金相显微镜分析了温度、应变速率对微观组织的影响。结果表明:铸态AZ80+0.4Ce镁合金的高温流动应力-应变曲线主要以动态再结晶软化机制为特征,增加变形温度和降低应变速率都会降低材料的流动应力;热压缩温度越高,动态再结晶进行越充分,应变速率越大,动态再结晶晶粒越细。     

AZ31镁合金热变形动态再结晶晶粒尺寸预测模型

采用热模拟实验方法获得了AZ31镁合金热变形真实应力-真实应变曲线，分析了变形工艺参数对AZ31镁合金热变形动态再结晶晶粒尺寸的影响规律。随着塑性变形应变速率的增大，动态再结晶晶粒尺寸减小。随着塑性变形温度的升高，晶粒尺寸增大。基于Yada模型，建立了AZ31镁合金热变形动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与变形工艺参数关系模型，以及动态再结晶临界应变与变形温度关系模型。晶粒尺寸预测模型计算值与实验值相吻合，最大相对误差为8.5%。临界应变模型计算值与实验值相吻合，最大相对误差为8.1%。建立的动态再结晶晶粒尺寸预测模型和临界应变预测模型的适用条件为变形温度250～400℃,应变速率0.01～1.0 s^-1。     

Hot Deformation Behavior and Microstructure of AZ31-1Sm Alloy Compression at Elevated Temperatures

在单向压缩热模拟试验机上对AZ31-1Sm合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织进行研究。结果表明:AZ31-1Sm镁合金在热压缩变形时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;该合金的热压缩流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,在本实验条件下,AZ31-1Sm镁合金热热变形激活能Q为160.8 k J/mol。AZ31-1Sm易发生动态再结晶,在高变形温度和低应变速率条件下动态再结晶趋势明显,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而增大。     

AZ31-1Sm镁合金高温压缩热变形行为和微观组织研究(英文)

在单向压缩热模拟试验机上对AZ31-1Sm合金在变形温度为300~450℃、应变速率为0.01~1 s-1条件下的热变形行为和微观组织进行研究。结果表明:AZ31-1Sm镁合金在热压缩变形时,流变应力随着应变速率的增大和变形温度的降低而增大;该合金的热压缩流变应力行为可用双曲正弦形式的本构方程来描述,在本实验条件下,AZ31-1Sm镁合金热热变形激活能Q为160.8 k J/mol。AZ31-1Sm易发生动态再结晶,在高变形温度和低应变速率条件下动态再结晶趋势明显,动态再结晶晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的增加和应变速率的降低而增大。     

AZ80镁合金热变形过程中的动态再结晶动力学和运动学模型

采用热模拟实验方法测试了AZ80镁合金材料的真实应力-应变曲线, 变形温度范围533K - 683K, 应变速率范围0.001 - 10 s-1, 变形程度为50%。动态再结晶的晶粒尺寸随着变形温度的升高和应变速率的降低而增大。确定了AZ80镁合金的热激活能, 确定了AZ80镁合金材料热变形时的本构方程。根据Sellars方程, 确定了AZ80镁合金的动力学模型, 其定义为描述发生动态再结晶体积分数与变形温度和应变速率的函数关系。确定了AZ80镁合金的运动学模型, 其定义为描述动态再结晶晶粒尺寸与Z函数之间数学关系. 动态再结晶晶粒尺寸的模型计算结果与实验结果相吻合,相对误差小于11.8%。确定了临界应变和稳态应变与Z函数之间数学关系。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。