Creeping wave propagation constants and modal impedance for a dielectric coated cylinder

The electromagnetic characteristics associated with the creeping waves supported by a dielectric coated cylinder are investigated. The propagation constants and wave impedances of the creeping waves are obtained numerically. Higher order modes which are significant for a thick coating are also investigated. The propagation constants and creeping wave modal impedance are compared with those obtained for a planar dielectric slab backed by a ground plane. It is found that, contrary to the planar configuration, no cutoff frequencies exist for the creeping waves associated with the coated cylinder. In fact, the coated cylinder supports an infinite number of modes. However, depending upon the thickness of the coating, only a few Elliott type creeping wave modes with low attenuation can exist. Furthermore, for each of the Elliott type creeping waves, there is a critical radius for the cylinder below which the Elliott type creeping wave cannot exist. The results are also compared with an impedance boundary cylinder, where the impedance is chosen to be purely imaginary.     

非平行分层等离子体鞘套电波传播的复射线方法

基于损耗媒质的复Snell定律提出采用复射线方法研究电磁波在非均匀且非平行分层的等离子体媒质中的传播特性.该方法考虑非均匀平面电磁波的复射线(包括等幅度面的传播射线和等相位面的传播射线), 追踪电磁波复射线在每层媒质中的传播路径以及它们透过媒质分界面时的折射射线, 同时根据复射线的传播方向计算电磁波在每层媒质中的传播衰减, 数值累计整个传播过程中的传播衰减即可获得电磁波穿过等离子体鞘套的总衰减.由钝锥体仿真流场数据简化出非平行分层几何模型并采用复射线方法进行计算分析.计算结果表明:飞行器头部至尾部的传播衰减相差巨大且呈现迅速减小趋势, 非平行分层非均匀等离子体媒质存在某特定入射角, 能使传播衰减达到最小值.     

Application of a perfectly matched layer in problems of simulation of electromagnetic ultralong wave propagation in the spherical earth-ionosphere waveguide channel

A method based on the use of a perfectly matched layer is proposed for creating a nonreflecting boundary involved in the simulation of ultralong electromagnetic wave propagation in the spherical Earthionosphere waveguide channel. It is shown that this channel provides for the attenuation of electromagnetic waves propagating in a perfectly matched layer along a radio path. A system of differential equations describing the propagation of electromagnetic waves in this region is presented.     

分层介质中平面电磁波的传播与Zenneck波

平面电磁波作为一种理想的电磁波型,其在均匀介质中的传播特性分析是电磁场理论基础教学的核心内容.特别是均匀平面波由理想介质入射到与导电媒质平面分界面时的传播规律,是地球物理勘探、陆地移动通信工程及光纤传输技术的理论基础.本文分别以理想介质与理想介质和导电介质构成的两层平面分层媒质为例,应用场匹配方法,给出反射波和传输波分析求解的统一描述.与传统的处理方法相比,具有数学分析简洁严密与物理概念准确清晰的特点.     

矩形隧道中电磁波传播模式的分析

隧道中环境复杂,对电磁波传播特性的研究比较困难.使用软件模拟方法可以实现对连续变化环境中电磁波传播特性的研究,克服了理论研究和实验方法的局限性.研究结果显示:矩形隧道电磁波的传播,是由多种模式共同作用的结果.近场区高次模起主要作用,信号波动剧烈,远场区低次模起主要作用,信号波动平缓.水平极化电磁波的衰减小于垂直极化电磁波的衰减;靠近隧道壁的信号比位于中央位置的信号有更大的衰减和波动.     

电磁波在非均匀磁化的等离子体鞘套中传输特性研究

由于传统散射矩阵法(scattering matrix method, SMM)在计算过程中会产生奇异矩阵,本文基于改进的SMM (improved SMM, ISMM)结合一维磁化等离子体湍流模型,计算了等离子体湍流介质对电磁波在不同入射角下的反射系数和透射系数,同时分析了电磁波在非均匀磁化等离子体中的传播特性。结果表明,湍流的出现极大地影响了等离子体鞘套中电子的运动规律,使其运动过程中能量衰减增多,因此其在0~35 GHz的透射系数增大;另一方面外部磁场的增大,对左旋圆极化波与右旋圆极化波的传播特性影响相反,这是因为在左旋情况下,左旋圆极化波的旋转方向正好与电子的旋转方向相同,右旋圆极化波相反;随着入射角度的增大,相当于电磁波在等离子体湍流中的传播距离增大,导致更多的电磁波能量被吸收;此外,考虑非均匀磁化情况后,电磁波在0~35 GHz频段内的右旋圆极化的透射系数更大。这些结果为研究电磁波在非均匀磁化等离子体湍流介质的传播特性提供了理论依据。

     

Propagation in Rectangular Waveguides with Arbitrary Internal and External Media

The propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves in a rectangular waveguide of a homogeneous medium embedded in a different medium have been found approximately. The total field is assumed to consist of four crossing plane waves interconnected at the boundaries by reflection matrices. The method is more accurate than other approximate techniques. New results are presented for tunnel propagation and attenuation of degenerate modes in metallic waveguides.     

Absorption mode for e.l.f. electromagnetic propagation in the Earth-crust waveguide

Using a highly idealised 3-layer model of the Earth's crust, it is shown that the modes of propagation fall into two classes. The conventional type leads to attenuation rates greater than the intrinsic attenuation rate for plane waves in the medium of lowest conductivity. The other type of solution leads to attenuation rates that are anomalously low. It is shown that this mode of propagation corresponds to a condition of complete absorption of an inhomogeneous plane wave incident from below the waveguide. To excite this absorption mode, we would need an aperture of infinite extent!     

Microwave acoustics

During the last few years, generation and propagation of acoustic waves have been extended to frequencies high into the gigacycle region. This paper deals with microwave acoustics, with emphasis on effects and techniques utilized at cryogenic temperatures. The extremely short wavelengths require the use of single crystal propagation media, free from defect scattering, supercooled to reduce wave attenuation from phonon interactions. Interactions of acoustic phonons with other phonons, electrons or holes, and spin waves are possible, with interchanges of energy that can produce attenuation or amplification of acoustic waves. The fundamental characteristics of acoustic wave propagation in crystanine media are discussed, with a review of experimental techniques and results. Microwave acoustic waves in solids and transducers suited to generation and detection are discussed, and a basic analysis of plane wave piezoelectric coupling is presented.     

Wave propagation and dipole radiation in a suddenly created plasma

Propagation and radiation of electromagnetic waves from oscillating sources in a suddenly created plasma are studied in this investigation. Field expressions are derived through the use of Laplace transformations. The spatial distribution of sources is taken to be arbitrary but confined. Two cases are considered in detail: 1) plane wave propagation in a source-free region and 2) electric point dipole radiation. In the case of plane wave propagation, various aspects such as wave split, frequency shift, phase and group velocities, amplitude changes, power flows, and energy relations are discussed. In the case of electric dipole radiation, the electromagnetic fields and instantaneous radiated power are calculated and expressed in terms of Lommel functions of two variables. Asymptotic expressions and graphical results of numerical calculations of these quantities are presented. Many interesting properties of the spherical waves and power radiation are discussed.     

Anisotropic dielectric properties of media containing aligned nonspherical scatterers

Electromagnetic wave propagation in a medium containing a random distribution of aligned, pair-correlated nonspherical scatterers is studied using theT-matrix to characterize the single scatterer response, the quasicrystalline approximation (QCA) and the correlation function. The resulting dispersion equation for the average medium is numerically solved as a function of frequency and the direction of propagation. Numerical results are presented for the attenuation of electromagnetic waves versus frequency, concentration, and direction of propagation.     

电磁波传播的云雾衰减特性研究

研究了云雾对电磁波传输的衰减特性,在云雾衰减理论模型基础上,给出了云雾衰减工程计算模型,该模型所需参数少、计算简便,且误差符合工程计算要求,仿真分析了电波频率、温度、发射角度及成雾类型等参数对雾特征衰减率的影响。当无线电波的频率高于10GHz时,需要考虑云和雾对电波的衰减;当频率高于50GHz时,云、雾对电波的衰减才显得重要。云雾对电磁波传播的衰减随着电波频率、温度、发射角及水汽含量的增大而增大。     

Teaching of wave propagation phenomena using MATLAB GUIs at the Universidad Politecnica of Valencia

The use of interactive graphics and animations is a fundamental tool for teaching electromagnetic concepts. This is especially true for the study of wave propagation, where the propagation properties of waves are hard to understand with oral explanations or simple, static, chalk drawings on the blackboard. The traditional blackboard or the more recent slides are increasingly giving way to the use of electronic material for illustrating propagation phenomena in the classroom. Several works where computer tools are used in order to improve electromagnetic teaching have already been published (Mathematica, Maple, MATHCAD, Java, MATLAB, Mefisto, and VRML). Of all these tools, MATLAB has been chosen to design several graphical user interfaces (GUIs) that allow the creation of wave-propagation animations under user-specified conditions. These GUIs have been assessed for the teaching of a course on "Electromagnetic Fields and Waves." The main objectives of the course are the knowledge of the main parameters of plane and guided waves, and an understanding of the main propagation phenomena of these two types of waves.     

海上大气波导环境下电磁波传播的抛物方程方法

抛物方程方法已经被广泛地应用于电磁波传播模型,并成为解决电磁波传播问题主要的工具。针对海上大气波导条件下的电磁波传播特性的研究,给出了适用的电磁波传播模型,根据模型计算了电磁波在波导中的传播衰减,同时对不同传播条件下的结果进行了比较和讨论,最后对传播模型进行了验证。     

Isofrequency surfaces and dependences of electromagnetic waves in infinite ferromagnetic space

Isofrequency surfaces and dependences of various (spin, nonresonant, and postresonant) electromagnetic waves that propagate in infinite ferromagnetic space under saturated magnetization are calculated. In a frequency interval of ω_H < ω < ω_⊥, the propagation of spin waves is characterized by open isofrequency dependences and the cutoff angles that depend on the frequency and material parameters. When the conditions are not satisfied, closed dependences are obtained. The properties of the isofrequency dependences that determine specific features of the reflection and diffraction divergence of waves are analyzed. The spin wave that propagates perpendicularly to the uniform magnetic field may exhibit zero angular width of the beam in the plane that is parallel to the magnetic field vector. In the same plane, the nonresonant wave with linear dispersion may have the diffraction divergence that is significantly less than that of the wave in isotropic media. In the presence of a plane interface, the reflection of the wave to the ferromagnetic material may give rise to two reflected beams.     

电离层中ELF辐射源向下传播衰减理论分析

利用大功率高频（HF）电波调制加热电离层可在电离层中有效形成辐射源,并用于辐射ELF电磁波.本文基于磁流体力学的基本方程通过对电离层中极低频（ELF）辐射源的辐射场分析,获得ELF电磁波在电离层中传播的色散关系式,建立电离层中的ELF辐射源向下传播衰减模型.并依据建立的传播衰减模型,分析不同纬度地区传播衰减的差异,以及传输频率和背景电离层参数对传播衰减的影响.     

平面波谱法分析电磁波在管道中的传播

通过分析电磁波从管道开口耦合进入管道的绕射机理及场在腔体内的射线特征，将进入管道的绕射场展开为平面波谱，利用平面波在自由空间的传播特性分析了电磁波沿管道的传输和反射特征。通过算例验证了该算法的有效性。     

A method for calculating eigenfrequencies of arbitrarily shapedconvex targets: eigenfrequencies of conducting spheroids and theirrelation to helicoidal surface wave paths

In a previous study by the authors (1986) the phase matching of surface waves on prolate, perfectly conducting spheroids generated, for example, by the scattering of an incident plane electromagnetic wave was investigated. Now, the considerably more complex spheroidal case with an obliquely incident primary wave, whose scattering will give rise to helicoidally (i.e. quasihelically) propagating surface waves is treated. The conditions under which phase matching of such types of surface waves, which propagate along helicoidal geodesics, can occur are investigated. It is found that only a discrete set of the required closed propagation paths exists, corresponding to a discrete set of allowed angled of incidence. These angles can be associated with different azimuthal quantum numbers m of the azimuthal propagation component around the symmetry axis, where m⩽n and n is the mode number which corresponds to the number of standing wavelengths at resonance     

Transmission des signaux perpendiculairement à un milieu stratifié périodique: étude fréquentielle

The authors consider the propagation of electromagnetic and elastic waves in a medium consisting of alternating layers of two different homogeneous isotropic and nonabsorbing substances. The waves are assumed harmonic and plane and their propagation is perpendicular to the layers. They show the existence of frequency ranges for which the wave propagation is possible and other ones where the waves are vanishing. The dispersion property of this medium is analysed; for low frequencies, the propagation velocity is shown smaller than the expected mean velocity. At last, a detailed work gives the transfer functions for transmission and reflection of the double linear filter constituted of the layered medium set between two homogeneous isotropic media. They pay attention to the isochronous layered medium.     

电磁波在等离子体中的传播衰减

针对通信黑障的问题,文中从电磁波在等离子体中的传播特性出发,利用Matlab数值仿真,研究不同电磁波频段,不同等离子体参数,包括等离子频率、碰撞频率、等离子温度、压强等对电磁波传播衰减的影响,以及外加磁场作用下,不同极化的电磁波在等离子体层的传播衰减特性。研究结果表明:外加磁场可明显降低圆极化电磁波衰减,并且当外加磁场满足一定条件,大于最小磁场强度时,电磁波衰减小于10 dB;且同等条件下右旋极化比左旋极化电磁波的衰减更小,为了获得较小的电磁波衰减,右旋极化电磁波所需的磁场强度也小于左旋极化。