Fe—C—Si—Mn系合金贝氏体相变动力学计算

采用规则溶液模型与超组元模型计算了7种Fe—C—Si—Mn系合金的等温相变驱动力在此基础上估算了合金等温转变的相对形核率与相对孕育期。计算结果表明,不含碳的二元与三元合金,孕育期主要由相变驱动力决定;而含碳合金,相变驱动力不是相变动力学的主要控制因素,从一个侧面支持了溶质类拖曳(SDLE)理论。     

低合金钢中Mo溶质原子的拖曳效应

对Mo在低合金钢和合金钢中的主要作用及对相变的影响进行了简要描述,重点分析了Fe-C-Mo合金中的Mo的偏聚行为及其对溶质原子拖曳效应的影响。Mo在晶界与界面存在明显的偏聚,Mo与C的相互作用形成了耦合的溶质原子拖曳效应。使Fe-C-Mo合金中的中温转变区域在TTT曲线中存在明显的港湾,在中温转变中存在不完全转变或者转变停滞现象。在港湾温度以下形成的铁素体（贝氏体）具有异常形态,被认为是由于棒状的亚结构激发形核形成的结果。Mo的碳化物析出后大大加速了退化铁素体的转变,强磁场可以加速Fe-C-Mo合金的中温转变和促进碳化物的析出。     

热轧态Cu-Fe-P合金的相变动力学研究

通过对热轧态Cu—2．5％Fe—0．03％P—0．1％Zn合金导电率与析出的第二相体积分数之间的变化关系的测定与分析，研究了该合金的相变动力学。由合金在不同温度时效时的导电率实验数据确定了该合金的相变动力学方程的系数，从而描绘出不同温度时效时的相变动力学“S”曲线以及等温转变TTT曲线。     

Si和Mn对钢中贝氏体形态和转变动力学的影响

分析了六种Fe-C-Si、Fe-C-Mn及Fe-C-Si-Mn合金的贝氏体(α_b)形态和微观亚结构,结果表明α_b的形态与Si,Mn类拖曳作用有密切关系,由计算得出的相变体积自由能差△G_v可粗略地估算出贝氏体相变的理论孕育时间τ,与TTT曲线上实测孕育时间比较,表明Fe-C-Mn及FE—C—Si—Mn的τ值基本上不取决于△G_v。的大小,用SIMS+EDS与二次离子谱仪(SIMS)测出F-C-Si-Mn中Mn在原奥氏体晶界上偏聚,从而抑制了β_b在该处形核,本文还讨论了Si,Mn共存时对相变动力学的复合作用。     

Nb对奥氏体热变形后等温回复的影响

采用热模拟实验研究了不同Nb含量的低C高Mn钢在800—900℃变形后奥氏体的回复特征,同时借助Fe-40%Ni-0.1%Nb(质量分数)合金揭示了回复过程中的位错演化及析出行为,建立了位错滑移及溶质拖曳机制的等温回复动力学模型,据此计算拟合了应力松弛曲线上回复实验数据,计算结果与理论分析及实验结果相符.实验及模拟结果表明,Nb溶质拖曳及析出均减慢回复过程,提高变形积累;与Nb溶质拖曳相比,析出能够更有效地延缓回复软化;Nb溶质拖曳通过升高回复激活自由能U0及减小激活长度来实现回复过程的延缓,提高溶质Nb含量,将升高Uo和减小激活长度.对于含Nb低C高Mn微合金钢,在道次间隔短的多道次热连轧精轧阶段,变形积累主要依靠Nb溶质拖曳作用,而对于轧制节奏较慢的中厚板精轧,轧制变形的积累依靠Nb溶质拖曳与析出的共同作用.     

电脉冲处理对预变形Fe13Mn6Si13Cr4Ni0.1C合金形状记忆效应及显微组织的影响

研究了电脉冲处理对预变形Fe13Mn6Si13Cr4Ni0.1C合金形状记忆效应及其显微组织的影响。结果表明：电脉冲处理能加速Cr和C原子的迁移及Cr23C6碳化物的析出,降低时效温度,缩短时效时间,并能诱发Cr23C6碳化物的形核。因此,与10%拉伸预变形后再973K,1073K时效的合金相比,10%拉伸预变形后300V,1100μf,1Hz电脉冲处理的Fe13Mn6Si13Cr4Ni0.1C合金,其形状回复率能在300s时间内从固溶态合金的32%提高到87.2%。     

Fe—Cr—Mn耐热合金的热分析研究

用热分析法测定了不同含Mn,C量的Fe-20％Cr-Mn合金的液相线温度和共晶转变温度,通过回归分析得到不同含C量的Fe-Mn准二元相图(凝固区间部分),分析了含Mn量对Fe-20％Cr-Mn合金液相线和共晶转变温度的影响。     

Cu-3.2Ni-0.75Si-0.30Zn合金时效过程的动力学分析

通过研究时效过程中电阻率的变化规律 ,分析了Cu 3.2Ni 0 .75Si 0 .30Zn合金的时效析出特性及其动力学过程。结果表明 :低温时效时扩散作用是合金析出过程的主要控制因素 ,时效早期通过调幅分解形成溶质原子的富集区 ,然后在溶质富集区发生失稳有序化 ,最后生成δ Ni2 Si相 ;高温时效时相变驱动力成为主要控制因素 ,由于生成δ Ni2 Si相的驱动力较大 ,所以直接析出δ Ni2 Si相。结合透射电镜研究了合金时效过程中显微组织的变化 ,并得出了合金的时间—温度—转变曲线 (即TTT曲线 )。     

Mn/Fe摩尔比对A356铸造铝合金富铁相形态的影响

在含1.0%Fe(质量分数)的A356铝合金中添加不同含量的Mn,采用OM、SEM、EDS及DSC等分析方法研究Mn/Fe摩尔比对富铁相形态的影响及其规律,探讨添加Mn后A356-1.0Fe合金中物相的凝固顺序。结果表明:随着Mn/Fe摩尔比的提高,富铁相形态的演变顺序为:针状→汉字状→树枝状→星形→多边形状,当Mn/Fe摩尔比超过1.2时可基本消除针状铁相。富铁相中(Fe,Mn)/Si摩尔比随富铁相形态的凝固先后顺序逐渐增加,分别为针状富铁相中(Fe,Mn)/Si摩尔比为0.5~0.7,树枝状和汉字状富铁相中(Fe,Mn)/Si摩尔比为的1.2~1.7,星型和多边形富铁相中(Fe,Mn)/Si摩尔比为1.9。富铁相的平均晶粒尺寸和体积分数随Mn/Fe摩尔比的增加先增加后减小,而后再增加。其中当Mn/Fe摩尔比为1.0时,富铁相的平均晶粒尺寸和体积分数均为最小,与A356-1.0Fe合金的相近。此外,Mn的添加有利于提高共晶相和α(Al)基体相的形成温度,有利于多边形富铁相的形成。     

γ—Mn基合金双程形状记忆效应特性的研究

运用XRD研究了80％Mn—19％Cu—1％Ni合金马氏体晶格常数c、a随温度变化的趋势和在—定的预应变条件下，显微应变与温度、显微应变与形变恢复率的关系，研究了Ms点随塑性变形率变化的规律，由此研究7—Mn基合金马氏体的双程形状记忆效应的结构机制，结果表明：fct马氏体的塑性变形不但由滑移产生，而且可以由孪晶的重新取向而造成，而后者在微小的外应力作用下就可以实现，并且在形状恢复过程中，滑移和孪晶所起的作用不同，由于滑移而产生的变形，在马氏体逆相变中不能恢复，而那些具有c、a轴择优取向的变形微区和具有马氏体织构的微区，能够由马氏体逆相变即缸结构变为fcc结构，使形状得到恢复。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.