The nurse as an engineer

The nature of nursing has been the subject of discussion for the last 10–15 years. One reason is that in many countries the education of nurses has moved from teaching hospitals to the academies. This move has given rise to the question of the scientific basis for nursing knowledge.Lately, the content of nursing knowledge has become a principal focus in the work on developing expert systems for nursing. Thus theories of knowledge and the nature of new technology are of great concern to the future of the nursing profession. The basic assumptions underlying a chosen theory of knowledge will determine the development and use of advanced technology in the future.     

A Fuzzy Temporal Rule-based System for handling the Nursing Process on mobile devices

Nowadays, mobile devices offer new methods to retrieve information everywhere. In the nursing area, this technology is highly suitable due to the ubiquity in this profession. In this paper, we present a new version of Medea, a mobile system that provides storing the evolution of patients from handheld devices using the nursing viewpoint. Medea is relied on the Need Theory of Virginia Henderson, as patient valuation model, and the nursing taxonomies of NANDA, NIC and NOC, as patient care plan. In addition, the vital signs of patients have been integrated in the mobile application. The main complementary innovation of Medea is an expert system based on fuzzy temporal rules, which suggests diagnoses, interventions and outcomes from the patient valuation and the vital signs. This model takes into account the importance of the data and temporal dimension in the patient symptoms. Furthermore, the complexity of the nursing domain has been synthesized in a few concepts, which make possible the creation of rules in an easy way.     

Network effects and social dilemmas in technology industries

Researchers investigating technology market dynamics have focused primarily on how a firm's economic and marketing strategy for pricing, distribution, packaging , and so on affect the market and the firm's position in it. This perspective reflects a managerial viewpoint, which focuses on maximizing a firm's profits and tends to emphasize short-term outcomes. We take a different view - the social planner's view - of the technology industry, which attempts to maximize total benefits for both firms and consumers over the long run. Network effects (also termed network externalities) impact how these total benefits, or social surplus, evolve over time in technology markets. Applying economic, social science, and biology theories to technology market dynamics, we find that network-effect-sensitive factors such as available capital, innovation, and product variety indicate whether an industry is heading toward healthy expansion or an unhealthy monopoly and ultimate decline. Increasing the social surplus to ensure long-term market health requires proactive measures such as industry self-regulation and government regulation.     

Scenario Violation in Nursing Activities: Nursing Risk Management from the Viewpoint of Chance Discovery

This paper introduces scenarios that from a time series of events under a coherent context of performing nursing risk management. First, we describe general nursing risk management procedures. Then we review our previous nursing accident or incident protection model based on abduction. This paper extends the nursing accident or incident protection model by using the concept of scenario. That is, the model introduces chronological information in knowledge presentation. Then this paper regards a set of nursing activities as a scenario and characterizes a (nursing) accident or incident as a scenario violation. The main purpose of this paper is to present nursing risk management from the viewpoint of scenario violation in the context of chance discovery.     

福利院老人无线看护系统的设计

针对福利院老人这一特殊群体,提出一种基于ZigBee技术无线看护系统的设计方法.该系统通过组建无线传感器网络,能实时定位老人在福利院小区域内的活动范围,在老人即将脱离监测区域或跌倒等紧急情况时及时报告监控中心.该系统具有功耗低、体积小、稳定性高等特点.     

μC/OS-III的实时性测试

为测试嵌入式实时操作系统μC/OS-Ⅲ的实时性,设计了基于ARM Cortex-M3内核的实验平台.该平台由波形发生模块、ARM Cortex-M3硬件模块、单片实时信号采集模块和实时操作系统采集模块4个部分构成.基于STC89C52构建波形发生模块,基于STM32设计ARM Cortex-M3硬件模块,并在STM32上开发实时信号采集模块和实时操作系统采集模块.实验表明,实时操作系统采集模块采集一次比实时信号采集模块消耗更长的时间,且消耗的时间与任务个数成线性关系.     

Real time: further misconceptions (or half-truths) [real-timesystems]

J.A. Stankovic (see ibid., vol. 21, no. 10, p. 10-19, 1988) analyzed some common misconceptions about real-time computing. His analysis addressed the very notion of real-time computing and touched upon the applicability of concepts that have proven useful in nonreal-time modeling of reactive systems, such as interleaving models, nondeterminism, and fairness. From his viewpoint, such concepts are no longer appropriate when real time is a concern, and a new set of abstractions must be devised. The author addresses these issues from the viewpoint of theories and formal modeling. By analyzing some common sources of misunderstanding, he shows that some common statements about real-time modeling are unjustified, or express only half-truths. A potential source for misunderstanding Is the restricted practical interpretation of theoretical notions. With limited experience in using theories of computation, we can easily mistake a theoretical construct for the reality of a program. As pointed out by Stankovic, the special role of time in real-time systems easily leads to incompatibilities between nonreal-time and real-time models. There are approaches where the transition from nontimed to timed models is smooth, however, and where the above theoretical notions are also meaningful in the presence of metric time. Since specification and design of real-time systems may involve both nontimed and timed levels of abstraction, the compatibility of these levels seems important     

Robot acceptance model for care (RAM-care): A principled approach to the intention to use care robots

Robots are emerging in welfare services, and organizations require information on whether novel technologies are approved among staff. On the basis of technology acceptance theories, this study proposes a model that adds a principled approach to the intention to use care robots. Data of 544 professionals with care robot experience were collected. The use intention was predicted by usefulness, enjoyment, social influence, and attitude. Respondents who found robots useful and accepted by their colleagues were more likely to view robot use as consistent with their personal values. The care robot acceptance model supports consideration of the profession-specific context in robotization.     

3D video and free viewpoint video—From capture to display

This paper gives an end-to-end overview of 3D video and free viewpoint video, which can be regarded as advanced functionalities that expand the capabilities of a 2D video. Free viewpoint video can be understood as the functionality to freely navigate within real world visual scenes, as it is known for instance from virtual worlds in computer graphics. 3D video shall be understood as the functionality that provides the user with a 3D depth impression of the observed scene, which is also known as stereo video. In that sense as functionalities, 3D video and free viewpoint video are not mutually exclusive but can very well be combined in a single system. Research in this area combines computer graphics, computer vision and visual communications. It spans the whole media processing chain from capture to display and the design of systems has to take all parts into account, which is outlined in different sections of this paper giving an end-to-end view and mapping of this broad area. The conclusion is that the necessary technology including standard media formats for 3D video and free viewpoint video is available or will be available in the future, and that there is a clear demand from industry and user for such advanced types of visual media. As a consequence we are witnessing these days how such technology enters our everyday life     

Evolutionary algorithms for continuous-space optimisation

From a global viewpoint, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) working on continuous search-spaces can be regarded as homogeneous Markov chains (MCs) with discrete time and continuous state. We analyse from this viewpoint the (1?+?1)EA on the inclined plane fitness landscape, and derive a closed-form expression for the probability of occupancy of an arbitrary target zone, at an arbitrary iteration of the EA. For the hitting-time of an arbitrary target zone, we provide lower and upper bounds, as well as an asymptotic limit. Discretization leads to an MC with discrete time, whose simple structure is exploited to carry out efficient numerical investigations of the theoretical results obtained. The numerical results thoroughly confirm the theoretical ones, and also suggest various conjectures which go beyond the theory.     

人工智能技术在配电自动化中的应用

本文介绍了知识发现(KDD)的相关理论,从配电自动化系统智能化的观点分析了将知识发现技术用于配电自动化系统中,以挖掘在故障处理决策过程中具有重要参考价值的知识。     

Culture & biometrics: regional differences in the perception of biometric authentication technologies

Previous research has identified user concerns about biometric authentication technology, but most of this research has been conducted in European contexts. There is a lack of research that has investigated attitudes towards biometric technology in other cultures. To address this issue, data from India, South Africa and the United Kingdom were collected and compared. Cross-cultural attitudinal differences were seen, with Indian respondents viewing biometrics most positively while respondents from the United Kingdom were the least likely to have a positive opinion about biometrics. Multiple barriers to the acceptance of biometric technology were identified with data security and health and safety fears having the greatest overall impact on respondents’ attitudes towards biometrics. The results of this investigation are discussed with reference to Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and theories of technology acceptance. It is argued that contextual issues specific to each country provide a better explanation of the results than existing theories based on Hofstede’s model. We conclude that cultural differences have an impact on the way biometric systems will be used and argue that these factors should be taken into account during the design and implementation of biometric systems.     

认知视角下的舆论观点句情感计算

针对目前观点分析方法局限于传统的文本分析技术,只能将舆论观点句分为肯定和否定两极或确定每一极的程度（粗粒度）,不能进一步给出舆论观点句是积极的还是消极的程度的问题。本文从认知学角度研究细粒度语义情感计算框架。提出了一种舆情观点句的定量分析方法,该方法将对于某话题的文本集合作为输入,输出一个实数表示文本中所表达观点的能量。本文在NLPIR共享平台上进行了相关实验,给出了粗粒度情感和细粒度情感对观点句识别的对比实验,实验表明,两种方法对观点句的识别性能相差不大;对非观点句细粒度方法好于粗粒度方法。     

特殊人群远程健康监护系统的研究和实践

随着社会逐步向老龄化发展,老年人患慢性病,特别是高血压、糖尿病、心脑血管、肿瘤等疾病的人数增加;另一方面,“看病难、看病贵”的问题也日益凸显.通过养老院和社区的老年人中慢性病人的调查,关注他们的健康服务和预警需求,建立基于物联网技术的健康服务平台,逐步补充和完善老年人健康档案、并探索第三方健康服务的新型模式,实现医疗资源的跨院共享.     

On organization of markets of homogeneous goods

Different supply function auctions in a market of homogeneous good are considered. The problems of the unique existence and computation of a Nash equilibrium are studied for these models. Estimates of the Nash equilibrium deviation from the competitive equilibrium are obtained for each case. For a first-price auction different indexes of the “market power” are investigated as applied to the electricity market. It is shown that the ordinary criteria of competitive behavior are too gentle for this market. Stronger conditions are formulated that provide sufficiently small deviation of the market price from the competitive equilibrium price. The problem of optimal organization of an auction is discussed from the viewpoint of welfare maximization. The obtained results are applied to the analysis of the electricity market in Russia.     

A survey of imperatives and action representation formalisms

Representation and reasoning of actions is a wide spread area in the domain of Artificial Intelligence. The representation involves natural language instructions, which are based on the linguistic concepts and the reasoning methodology deals with the logical structures. In the computational domain, several theories pertaining to the state-space approach have been proposed to represent and reason out actions. Considering these aspects, this paper provides an account of work from the viewpoint of linguistics, logic and action representation formalisms. Based on this study, this paper then proposes a seven axes categorization scheme, that can be used to compare and analyze different theories.     

When security meets software engineering: a case of modelling secure information systems

Although security is a crucial issue for information systems, traditionally, it is considered after the definition of the system. This approach often leads to problems, which most of the times translate into security vulnerabilities. From the viewpoint of the traditional security paradigm, it should be possible to eliminate such problems through better integration of security and software engineering. This paper firstly argues for the need to develop a methodology that considers security as an integral part of the whole system development process, and secondly it contributes to the current state of the art by proposing an approach that considers security concerns as an integral part of the entire system development process and by relating this approach with existing work. The different stages of the approach are described with the aid of a real-life case study; a health and social care information system.     

无线传感器网络在桥梁健康监测中的应用

桥梁的安全运营,是关系到国计民生的大事.因此,桥梁结构健康监测系统正成为国内外学术界和工程界的研究热点.无线传感器网络由于安装方便、维护成本低和部署灵活等特点,已被广泛应用于桥梁健康监测系统中.对现有的基于无线传感器网络的桥梁健康监测系统进行综述,依次介绍了各个子系统中的基本原理和典型方法,并结合多个具体实例分析了系统中的关键技术,最后总结了已有系统中存在的问题和未来的研究方向.     

MCM基板技术的研究

MCM(多芯片模块)基板技术是MCM技术的一个重要组成部分。该文从基板的结构、性能以及材料等多个方面逐一对5种主要的 MCM基板技术进行了分析。并从封装和应用的角度对MCM基板技术作了相关说明。     

粗糙逻辑中理论相容性的拓扑刻画

有关文献将计量化方法应用于粗糙逻辑之中,建立起了用以处理近似推理问题的粗糙逻辑度量空间理论。拟借助于粗糙逻辑度量空间理论,从拓扑学的角度给出粗糙逻辑理论相容性的等价刻画。