溶液温度和衬底对电化学沉积Cu2O薄膜形貌的影响

以透明导电玻璃(TCO)、纳米TiO2/TCO、CNTs/TCO、铜片分别为工作电极,用简单铜盐通过阴极还原制备了Gu2O薄膜,并研究了溶液温度和衬底对电化学沉积Gu2O薄膜形貌的影响.结果表明:以TCO和铜片为衬底时,由于表面微粒为微米级,不管溶液温度高低,只能得到微米级的Cu2O薄膜;以纳米TiO2/TCO和CNTs/TCO为衬底,池温高于30℃只能得到微米级的Cu2O薄膜,而池温降到0℃时,都可得到纳米Cu2O.     

碳纳米管催化二硝酰胺铵燃烧和热分解

通过燃速测定和热失重研究了碳纳米管(CNTs)、CNTs负载Fe2O3纳米粒子(Fe2O3/CNT)和CNTs负载Fe.Cu纳米粒子(Fe.Cu/CNT)对二硝酰胺铵(ADN)燃烧和热分解的影响。结果表明:CNTs、Fe2O3/CNT和Fe.Cu/CNT三种催化剂都可以提高ADN的燃速,降低压力指数。当这三种催化剂添加质量分数为3%时,在4M Pa下,燃速从30.49mm/s分别增加到50.59mm/s、39.72mm/s和38.79mm/s,压力指数从0.81分别降低到0.36、0.67和0.75。TG分析表明,添加质量分数为1%催化剂时,这三种催化剂降低ADN的初始热分解温度分别为18.3℃、12.1℃和11.6℃。     

空心球状Cu7S4@Au复合材料的表面增强拉曼特性

本研究利用化学还原法制备了Cu2O纳米球,以此作为模板通过液相硫化将其转变为空心的Cu7S4纳米球,并在Cu7S4纳米球溶液中加入适量的HAuCl4·4H2O,从而获得Cu7S4纳米球表面镶嵌金纳米粒子的Cu7S4@Au复合材料.以罗丹明B(RhB)作为拉曼探针分子,研究Cu7S4@Au复合材料的表面增强拉曼(SERS)特性.结果表明,Cu7S4@Au复合材料具有较高的灵敏度和良好的检测重现性.此外,Cu7S4@Au基底还可用于检测致癌物苏丹Ⅲ和孔雀石绿(MG),其检测限(LOD)分别为3.71×10-6和2.48×10-7 mol/L(M),该材料在食品安全监测方面具有应用潜力.     

溶剂热还原法制备纳米Cu2O及其光催化性能

以Cu(CH3COO)2.2H2O为原料,乙二醇为溶剂和还原剂,通过溶剂热还原法制备纳米Cu2O。通过X射线衍射分析(XRD)对产物进行表征。结果表明,反应温度、反应时间和Cu(CH3COO)2初始浓度对产物Cu2O的结晶程度和晶粒大小有着重要的影响。以甲基橙溶液为模拟废水,研究纳米晶Cu2O在可见光照射下的光催化活性。实验表明,制备的Cu2O样品在可见光下具有高的光催化活性,可见光催化活性优于商业P25 TiO2光催化剂。     

纳米Fe_3O_4/PS-EDTA功能微球的制备及对Cu~(2+)的吸附性能

以磁性纳米Fe3O4为核,利用苯乙烯(St)聚合对其进行包覆,并进一步对表面进行氯取代、乙二胺取代及氯乙酸取代反应,制备了Fe3O4/PS-EDTA纳米磁性复合微球。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射分析(XRD)、热重(TGA)分析、傅里叶变换红外(FT-IR)光谱仪、紫外分光光度计等对Fe3O4/PSEDTA微球性能进行了表征。结果表明,EDTA有效地以化学键合方式连接到纳米磁性Fe3O4/PS表面,且粒径均匀。Fe3O4/PS-EDTA对Cu2+表现出了良好的吸附性能,饱和吸附量为98.59mg/g,吸附等温数据符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学符合拟二级反应动力学模型。     

CuAlO2纳米晶的水热-分解制备及表征

采用新制备的Cu2O和Al(OH)3为反应原料,利用水热-分解法制备了p型半导体CuAlO2纳米晶.采用X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和紫外-可见(UV-Vis)吸收光谱对其结构、形貌、表面组分和性能进行了表征分析,对反应机理进行了讨论.结果表明在水热条件下首先是Al(OH)3转化为γ-AlOOH,然后γ-AlOOH分解并与Cu2O反应生成CuAlO2纳米晶.确定了以Cu2O和Al(OH)3溶胶为反应原料,采用水热-分解法制备CuAlO2纳米晶的最佳反应条件.     

固定化Cu~(2+)磁性壳聚糖微球的制备及应用研究

采用化学共沉淀法合成Fe3O4纳米颗粒,乳化交联法制备磁性壳聚糖微球。以环氧氯丙烷为活化剂,螯合铜离子制备了固定化Cu2+的磁性壳聚糖微球(Cu2+-IDA-MCS)为亲和介质。以乳源蛋白中发现的血管紧张素转化酶抑制肽(ACEI)Val-Ser-Leu-Pro-Glu-Try(VSLPEW)为模型分子,考察了Cu2+-IDA-MCS对VSLPEW的吸附效果。结果表明,固定化Cu2+的磁性壳聚糖微球吸附VSLPEW的最佳条件为:VSLPEW的初始浓度为2.0mg/mL,亲和介质的吸附时间为40min,吸附温度为30℃,缓冲液pH值为7.5,此时Cu2+-IDA-MCS对VSLPEW的最大吸附量达49.08mg/g。说明Cu2+-IDA-MCS是吸附VSLPEW的一种有效的亲和介质。     

M~ⅡFe_2O_4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球的合成和磁性能(英文)

以气泡为模板,通过简单的一步水热法合成了尖晶石型MⅡFe2O4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球,并采用柠檬酸对其表面进行了修饰。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对修饰前后纳米空心微球的形貌、结构和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,MⅡFe2O4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球的尺寸在300～600nm,前躯体溶液的pH值大于9或反应时间小于12h都不能生成空心结构。此外,MⅡFe2O4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球呈现较好的超顺磁性,但与纳米Fe3O4实心微粒相比较,Fe3O4纳米空心微球的饱和磁化强度却有所降低。     

MⅡFe2O4（M=Fe,Ni）纳米空心微球的合成和磁性能（英文）

以气泡为模板,通过简单的一步水热法合成了尖晶石型MⅡFe2O4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球,并采用柠檬酸对其表面进行了修饰。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、红外光谱(IR)和振动样品磁强计(VSM)对修饰前后纳米空心微球的形貌、结构和磁性能进行了表征。结果表明,MⅡFe2O4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球的尺寸在300～600nm,前躯体溶液的pH值大于9或反应时间小于12h都不能生成空心结构。此外,MⅡFe2O4(M=Fe,Ni)纳米空心微球呈现较好的超顺磁性,但与纳米Fe3O4实心微粒相比较,Fe3O4纳米空心微球的饱和磁化强度却有所降低。     

Cu_3V_2O_7(OH)_2·2H_2O纳米片的制备及其在锂电池中的应用

以CuSO4.5H2O和NH4VO3为原料,采用沉淀法制备了Cu3V2O7(OH)2.2H2O纳米片。利用XRD、FE-SEM、TG对样品的结构和形貌进行了表征,并对其作为锂电池正极材料的电化学行为进行了研究。电化学性能测试表明:Cu3V2O7(OH)2.2H2O纳米片具有较高的放电容量和良好的高温放电性能,是一类性能优良的锂电池正极材料。     

用ECR-CVD方法制备定向碳纳米管

以FeaO4纳米粒子为催化剂,CH4和H2为气源,采用电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术(ECR-CVD)在多孔硅基底上制备出定向生长的碳纳米管.研究了气氛组成、气压、温度和反应时间对碳纳米管生长特性的影响.使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和拉曼光谱(Raman spectrum)表征了样品的形貌和结构.结果表明:气氛组成和气压影响了反应腔内离解碳的浓度,从而影响碳纳米管的成核、生长速度及定向生长;温度的变化改变催化剂的尺寸从而改变碳纳米管的直径,在过低的温度下碳纳米管不能实现定向生长;碳纳米管随着反应时间的延长而不断增长,但超过一定时间后催化剂颗粒被碳包覆而失去催化作用,生长停止.     

一维纳米材料的ECR-CVD方法制备

应用电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积方法(ECR-CVD)进行了一维纳米材料的制备.以Fe3O4纳米粒子为催化剂,采用不同的气源,在多孔硅基底上制备出了碳纳米管、掺硼碳纳米管以及异质结构的纳米管.利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和 X射线光电子谱(XPS)对样品的形貌、结构及组分进行表征.     

Continuous synthesis of carbon nanotubes using a metal-free catalyst by CVD

This study demonstrates the first example of the use of a metal-free catalyst for the continuous synthesis of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by chemical vapor deposition (CVD). In this paper silica nanoparticles produced from the thermal decomposition of PSS-(2-(trans-3,4-Cyclohexanediol)ethyl)-Heptaisobutyl substituted (POSS) were used as catalyst and ethanol was served as both the solvent and the carbon source for nanotube growth. The POSS/ethanol solution was nebulized by an ultrasonic beam. The tiny mists were continuously introduced into the CVD reactor for the growth of CNTs. The morphology and structure of the CNTs have been investigated by scanning electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The obtained CNTs have a multi-walled structure with diameters mainly in the size range from 13 to 16 nm. Detailed investigations on the growth conditions indicate that the growth temperature and POSS concentration are important for achieving high-quality nanotubes, and that the existing of small amount of water in ethanol is effective to remove amorphous carbon species during the formation of CNTs. The mass production of CNTs without any metal contaminant will provide a chance for investing and understanding the intrinsic properties of CNTs and applications particularly in nanoelectronics and biomedicines.     

Microwave-assisted synthesis of pt nanocrystals and deposition on carbon nanotubes in ionic liquids

In this work, a simple, fast and efficient route is presented for the metal (such as Pt, Rh, etc.) nanocrystal synthesis and deposition on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) in ionic liquids (ILs) via microwave heating. In this method, inorganic salts (such as H2PtCl6.4H2O, RhCl3.2H2O, etc.) dissolved in ILs, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium trifluoroacetate or 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidinium lactate, were reduced to metal nanoparticles by glycol with the aid of microwave heating, and the produced metal nanoparticles could be decorated on CNTs in the presence of CNTs in ILs. The resulting nanomaterials were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. It was demonstrated that the homogeneously dispersed Pt nanocrystals with the size of 2-3 nm were obtained using H2PtCl6.4H2O as precursor, and they deposited on CNTs with the similar size when CNTs was present in ILs. This technique also can be extended to fabricate other noble metal nanocrystals (including Rh, Au, etc.) and corresponding CNT composites.     

催化裂解天然气于碳毡内低成本合成碳纳米管

基于制备碳/碳(C/C)复合材料的等温化学气相渗透(ICVI)技术,在1010～1100℃用Fe催化裂解工业天然气可在碳毡内原位合成出碳纳米管(CNTs).扫描电镜(SEM)观察结果表明,1060℃合成的CNTs具有较好的覆盖形貌和均匀管径(110～120nm)且纯净度高.高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)和Raman光谱测试结果进一步表明,该温度下合成的CNTs结晶度高,与碳纤维间结合力强.     

Synthesis and characterization of Ni-Si mixed oxide nanocomposite as a catalyst for carbon nanotubes formation

Ni-Si mixed oxide nanocomposite was prepared by co-precipitation method with Ni(NO₃)₂ · 6H₂O and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) at pH = 10.5 under reflux condition for 6 days. It was then used as a catalyst for the formation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) by CVD procedure. Characterization of the catalyst and the CNTs was carried out using X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that Ni-Si mixed oxides nanorods with the average diameter of 3 to 4 nm play a key role in CNTs formation.     

含碳纳米管导电剂改善Li_4Ti_5O_(12)电极电化学性能

采用一种较为实用的调浆方法,考察了碳纳米管与乙炔黑的复合物(CNTs/AB)导电剂、乙炔黑(AB)导电剂和碳纳米管(CNTs)导电剂对Li_4Ti_5O_(12)电化学性能的影响,并用恒流充放电、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和交流阻抗(AC)对添加上述3种导电剂制备得到的电极片进行研究.结果表明,采用该调浆流程能够克服CNTs在使用时出现的团聚问题,CNTs/AB复合物在改善Li_4Ti_5O_(12)电化学性能尤其在容量发挥和倍率性能方面比单一AB和CNTs具有明显优势.CNTs/AB复合物中两者的质量百分比为1:2～1:1时,0.5C时,Li_4Ti_5O_(12)电极的首次放电容量可高达157.0mAh/g,10.0C时,其放电容量可达到128.3mAh/g.与单一导电剂AB和CNTs相比,CNTs与AB复合使用时,由于CNTs的高长径比和良好导电性能使之能够起到"桥梁"作用把部分没有与活性物质充分接触的颗粒状导电剂AB与活性物质连接起来,因此两者的有机结合提高了CNTs/AB与活性材料的接触面积,使电极片能够形成有效的导电网络,有利于Li_4Ti_5O_(12)导电性能的提高.     

N2对碳纳米管生长和结构的影响

用热丝化学气相沉积制备了碳纳米管,并用扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜研究了它们的结构.结果表明,用CH4和H2为反应气体制备的碳纳米管是弯曲和中空的,它们的直径较大,生长速率较低;在反应气体中加入N2气后,碳纳米管的平均直径减小,生长速率增大,它们是准直的和竹节型的.分析和讨论了N2对碳纳米管生长和结构的影响.     

Lamellar Fe/Al2O3 catalyst for high-yield production of multi-walled carbon nanotubes bundles

The lamellar Fe/Al₂O₃ catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method, and then with these prepared catalysts, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were synthesized by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) method using C₂H₂ as precursor. The as-prepared CNTs and Fe/Al₂O₃ catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and Raman spectrum. The results proved that the as-prepared CNTs actually existed in bundles. And the growth of CNTs bundles should be attributed to the lamellar catalysts, which supported the bottom growth mechanism of CNTs. The transition metal of Mo was not introduced in catalysts to produce CNTs bundles, which was different with others’ results.     

碳纳米管场发射电子源

从实验和理论上研究单根碳纳米管(CNT)场发射电子源的稳定问题.利用透射电镜/扫描探针显微镜(TEM/SPM)和场发射显微镜/场离子显微镜(FEM/FIM)对CNTs的场发射特性进行了实验研究.同时从密度泛函理论出发,利用相关程序模拟计算了吸附对单壁碳纳米管(SWNTs)场发射的影响.发现SWNTs荷电体系的总能量与荷电电荷数量关系具有抛物线形式,先减小,达到最小值,之后增加.通常荷4个电子时达到最小值,即体系处于最稳定状态.表明SWNTs有很大的电负性,是容易发生凝聚和吸附分子的根源.进而计算了对氢、氧和水的吸附特性,讨论了吸附对场发射的影响.这些结果对CNTs的场发射特性和作为新型电子源的应用都是有重要意义的.