高通量卫星多波束天线馈电系统PIM控制技术

介绍了无源互调(PIM)产生的机理和控制方法,重点研究了高通量卫星多波束天线馈电系统PIM控制技术,通过采用馈电系统高隔离度优化设计、馈源单元法兰面扼流槽设计、馈源阵安装板PIM源控制设计、Ka频段PIM试验系统低PIM设计等手段,将某Ka频段多波束天线馈电单元的7阶PIM性能控制在高低温(-60~+100 ℃)环境下≤-135 dBm,馈源阵7阶PIM性能控制在常温状态下≤-140 dBm。产品的实际应用验证了所述PIM控制技术的有效性,在工程问题中起到指导作用。     

周期结构馈源阵对多波束天线性能的影响

具有周期结构的馈源阵能够最大化实现馈源的共用,并且能够用相干耦合周期结构?波束形成网络(CORPS?BFN)实现.通过设计一种双模圆锥喇叭,按照一定规律进行排布组成馈源阵,结合CORPS?BFN设计思想,得出各馈源阵中每个喇叭的激励系数并进行仿真分析,从而得出与单个馈源相比,周期结构馈源阵能够降低多波束天线副瓣电平的结论.     

X 波段双口双模单脉冲雷达馈源的分析与设计

提出了一种应用于极化扭转卡塞格伦天线的双口双模单脉冲雷达馈源,推导出三种波束(和波束、E 面差波束、H 面差波束)归一化远场方向图的完整解析表达式。对整个馈源进行仿真优化,使和、差(E 面差、H 面差)通道的驻波带宽都超过20% (VSWR≤2),得到了三种波束的归一化远场方向图。加工出馈源并进行测量,实测驻波与仿真结果吻合良好,馈源远场方向图的仿真结果达到预期指标要求,该馈源可应用于实际的单脉冲雷达跟踪系统中。     

偏置抛物面天线圆极化版图成形波束工程理论的研究

本文根据矩形波导中隔片式圆极化器传输波型的渐变过程,导出了圆极化馈源的辐射场公式,并利用R.Mittra等作者提出的物理光学辐射积分Jacobi-Bessel级数展开方法对偏置抛物面天线圆极化版图成形波束的工程理论进行了研究。它包括:圆极化馈源辐射场公式;偏置抛物面电流等效投影孔径布分;二次辐射场计算公式;版图成形波束等效各向同性辐射功率(EIRP)工程计算公式;天线坐标、版图经纬度坐标与卫星坐标之间的变换关系;给出了七元馈源阵成形的我国西部版图圆极化波束的数值结果,其EIRP等电平曲线是计算机自动打印的,本文研究的理论方法可作为研制版图成形波束天线各阶段的基本分析工具。     

卫星监测多波束天线技术研究

本文综述了三种主要形态的多波束天线,并分别给出其工作原理图,对三种基本多波束天线进行了性能比较.     

非赋形双偏置高性能椭圆波束天线

分析了非赋形双偏置天线产生椭圆波束的机理,将馈源的椭圆波束照射到轮廓线为椭圆形的付反射面上,通过双偏置天线的对称转换原理,主反射面产生椭圆波束.馈源波束由矩形口径的多模喇叭产生,它提供了等化的方向图.给出了馈源及天线的方向图计算公式.实验结果表明,实测方向图基本与理论计算一致.与其他类型的椭圆波束天线相比,本天线加工简单,同时天线效率也较高.     

一种Ka频段多波束天线设计研究

针对临近空间飞行器测控的需求,提出了一种Ka频段多波束天线。分析了天线的实现形式,讨论了偏馈馈源位置与覆盖区域的关系、焦径比对偏馈波束性能的影响以及副面大小对偏馈波束性能的影响。从中总结了规律,对天线的优化设计有一定的指导意义。     

基于馈源固定的双频扫描反射阵设计

提出了一种适用于双频反射阵的波束扫描方法,采用固定馈源仅通过旋转反射阵面实现了双频反射阵的波束扫描。定量对旋转前后的反射阵口面相位分布进行了理论分析,推导出波束扫描角与阵面旋转角的解析关系,揭示了该方法的宽带特性。采用反射阵阵列理论进行验证,在此基础上,设计了一款工作于1.575和2.4 GHz的双频扫描反射阵,并最终在60°空域范围内获得了较好的双频扫描特性,验证了设计方法的有效性。     

数字多波束天线测试研究

探讨数字多波束天线的测试方法,对于数字多波束天线远场、近场测试的基本原理及优缺点进行了研究。详细分析了近场环境下数字多波束天线测试误差,研究了误差消除的方法。通过对误差的修正,得到较好的测试效果,从而得出数字多波束天线在近场测试结果完全可以代替远场测试的结论。     

宽频带正交极化变换传输阵的设计

传输阵包含接收阵面和再辐射阵面,各由周期排列的单元组成,两个阵面被公共接地板隔开,经由过孔销钉或槽缝相耦合。接收阵面接收发自馈源的球面波,经校正相位并传向再辐射阵面以实现前向辐射。文中提出了两种宽频带正交极化变换的传输阵单元:直接耦合角馈层叠式贴片和近轴耦合U型缝贴片,分别组成相同的接收阵面和再辐射阵面,根据宽频带阻抗匹配的要求,对这两种单元进行了优化设计。然后,采用延迟线实现相位调节,分别设计了37和21个单元的正交线极化变换传输阵,对样品整体仿真结果显示了它们的宽频带、高增益和低交叉极化电平的优良性能。     

Pattern synthesis of the offset reflector antenna system with lesscomplicated phased array feed

The performance degradation of an offset reflector antenna with off-axis scanning feed and distorted reflector surface can be improved by using a phased array feed. Generally, both analog attenuators and phase shifters are used in phased array feed. Yet, it seems to make the feed system very complicated. In this paper, a phase-only gradient search (POGS) algorithm is developed to optimize the performance of offset reflector antenna systems using phased array feed that is equipped with phase shifters only. This technique not only can greatly simplify the complexity of phased array feed, but also can provide the reflector antenna with better antenna gain and sidelobe level control capability. Simulation and experimental results are presented to illustrate the excellent performance of offset reflector, with limited beam scanning capability, can be obtained by using this less complicated phased array feed     

Reflector radiation pattern from planar near-field measurements of array feed

High gain shaped beam antennas for satellite frequency reuse applications are almost exclusively obtained by the use of complex multielement feed arrays to provide pattern control in conjunction with offset reflectors to remove blockage effects. In the design of complex multielement feed arrays for offset reflectors, the element excitations are usually synthesized using the isolated element properties. Proper performance of the array often requires that these theoretical excitations be modified to account for the effects on the feed elements due to the array environment. Near-field planar probing of the fields of the feed array have been found to provide an efficient and accurate method of predicting the secondary performances, including cross polarization and axial ratio. The nearfield measurement technique, moreover, provides an extremely effective method of determining the element performance and for determining the required compensation for desired antenna performance.     

A Coaxial Wavewide Commutator Feed for a Scanning Circular Phased Array Antenna

A coaxial waveguide amplitude commutation feed system has been developed for application to the scanning circular array antenna problem. A dominant TEM mode and a pair of orthogonal TE/sub 11/ modes suitably excited at the input of a coaxial waveguide feed are employed to generate a simply commutatable low-sidelobe discrete amplitude distribution at the peripheral output ports of the coaxial circular array feed. The major advantages of the coaxial commutator feed compared to other circular array feed types are the broad bandwidth and small insertion loss simultaneously achieved with a simple feed geometry. The design and measured performance capability of a 30-percent RF bandwidth low-sidelobe coaxial commutator feed are described in detail.     

卫星多波束天线不规则馈元阵形赋形的研究

本文着重研究了卫星多波束天线馈元阵的形状对赋形的影响.首先证明了常用的通用阵形中存在着对赋形没有贡献的冗余馈元,进而提出采用没有冗余馈元的不规则阵形来赋形以减小馈元数量的思路,并进一步证明了不规则阵和相应的规则阵在同样条件下,用同一种赋形算法,有着同样的赋形效果,最后给出了由通用规则阵得到相应不规则阵的简单而有效的方法.     

Estimating the mass and power of communications satellites

The importance of weight and power estimates and methods for obtaining them are discussed. A method sufficiently accurate for system and launch vehicle planning is developed. It starts from operational requirements such as numbers of transponders, lifetime, eclipse service, radio frequency powers and certain general technology factors such as the performance of batteries and solar cells, and calculates the array power and the masses of the payload and primary power systems. Using these results, and differentiating between spinning and body stabilized satellites, the results of regression analyses on many communication satellites are then used to ascertain the weights of the other subsystems. Simple orbital mechanics are used to determine the weights of propellants, apogee motor, etc., to arrive at a final mass estimate. This estimate should be accurate to between 5 and 10 per cent if reliable input data are available.     

功率倒置自适应阵抗干扰特性研究

采用功率倒置算法的自适应天线系统特别适合于卫星导航系统等信号很弱而干扰较强的场合.在有干扰信号的时候,只有当干扰信号功率大到一定程度之后功率倒置阵才对其有抑制效果.为了指导设计满足卫星导航接收机抗干扰应用的功率倒置阵系统,对功率倒置阵的抗干扰特性进了详细的理论分析与实验研究.理论分析的结果表明,通过合理地选择环路增益可以调整功率倒置阵的稳态性能,使其满足卫星导航接收机的抗干扰要求.对功率倒置阵系统的实验测试也验证了理论分析的正确性,同时也证明了所设计的功率倒置阵系统具有良好的抗干扰性能,具有很好实用价值.     

反射面天线焦面场采样研究与相控阵馈源设计

为了设计高性能的相控阵馈源(phased array feed,PAF),通过反射面天线焦面场最优采样的研究,给出了PAF参数与天线口径效率之间的关系,总结了PAF的最优采样范围和单元间距,导出了PAF单元数量的计算公式.给出了一个9 m天线的PAF设计实例和性能分析,在4～7 GHz频率范围内,扫描范围为±3°时,天...     

Radiation analysis and errors associated with the monopulse operation of a satellite direction finder

This work describes the radiation performance of a novel concept for direction and location finding, using stationary satellite beacons. The received signals are processed with a monopulse four-element array. The monopulse mode is generated using the phase excitation of the radiating elements. For accurate processing the radiation phase should correspond with the bearing angle around the boresight direction. Phase deviations, however, occur in this phase pattern owing to the discrete excitation of the elements. Therefore, detailed analyses are presented for this phase pattern, its attainable gain and the depolarization effects, in order to select the kind of array elements, and their spacings, which minimize the phase pattern deviations. The dipoles and the slots, as array elements, yield better phase performance, smaller size and simpler structures than horn radiators, at the expense of worse depolarization.     

E-plane scan performance of infinite arrays of dipolesprinted on protruding dielectric substrates: coplanar feed line andE-plane metallic wall effects

The effects of coplanar feed lines and of E-plane cavity walls on the performance of infinite arrays of dipoles printed on protruding dielectric substrates are investigated. In order to do so, two unit cell configurations are studied: (1) the dipole element fed by coplanar transmission lines and (2) the dipole element fed by coplanar transmission lines with finite-height metallic walls added parallel to the H-plane of the array. The element active impedances are calculated for these configurations, and they are compared with those obtained from arrays of dipoles without coplanar feed lines. Effects of the dielectric substrate permittivity and of its thickness on the array element active impedance are included. The results show that the arrays of dipoles with the coplanar feed lines exhibit feed-line-induced blindnesses which reduce considerably the scan volume of the array. It is also shown that these feed line effects are reduced for thicker or higher permittivity substrates, and that the insertion of electric walls is one possible avenue for eliminating these anomalies