DWS200型连续式混凝土搅拌站系统浅论

湖北利川市龙桥电站主坝工程,为碾压砼双曲拱坝,采用连续式混凝土搅拌站,圆满的完成了龙桥电站的砼施工任务.本文重点介绍连续式混凝土搅拌站和间歇式搅拌站的区别.     

间歇式污水处理工艺池容利用率问题探讨

根据目前国内中小城镇污水处理工艺中间歇式运行工艺的特点,分别从曝气时间、曝气池容和污泥浓度三个方面分析池容利用率,提出了提高池容利用率的有效方法,为间歇式运行工艺降低投资和运行能耗提供解决思路,为中小城镇污水处理工艺选择提供参考。     

厌氧附着膜膨胀床反应器过程动力学模型的模拟研究

本文根据AAFEB反应器特性,建立了AAFEB反应器的过程动力学模型。用实验所测定的数据进行模拟,结果表明:以推流式二级反应动力学模型作为最优的基质降解动力学模型。同时,还作了过程动力学模型参数的优化估值以及模型在预测反应器运行效能中的应用。     

基于离散元方法与水动力学耦合的河冰动力学模型

流凌和冰坝是我国北方冬季比较常见的河冰现象,尤其冰坝,可导致严重的凌洪灾害,是河冰研究中的重要部分。本文将离散单元方法与二维水动力学相耦合,建立河冰的动力学数值模型,以模拟河冰输移、聚集、堆积,以及冰坝形成的动力过程。针对河道中大量密集且几何形状随机的流冰现象,采用扩展多面体单元对冰块进行构造,并通过离散元接触模型表征河冰输移和冰坝形成过程中冰块间的相互作用。河流水动力部分则采用考虑河冰影响的二维非定常浅水方程进行描述,并采用有限元方法进行数值计算。冰水耦合中的计算参数由河冰离散单元与其所在水动力学有限元网格节点的位置插值计算得到。通过对冰盖封河造成水位抬高过程的数值模拟,并将计算结果与理论分析结果以及DynaRICE河冰模型的模拟结果进行对比,以验证模型的有效性。在此基础上,对规则河道中河冰输移、堆积和形成冰坝的过程进行数值模拟和结果分析。通过以上河冰离散元与水动力学的耦合方法及其对河冰动力过程的数值模拟,对河冰动力过程从细观角度进行新的认识并为河冰动力过程研究提供一种有效的数值方法。     

基于BioWin的MBR工艺模拟

以实际运行污水处理厂MBR工艺为研究对象,利用BioWinTM软件平台及其内嵌的通用活性污泥模型和厌氧消化模型(ASDM),建立了工艺模拟模型并进行初步模拟及校正,利用校正的模型对MBR工艺的运行参数进行了模拟分析,得到出水水质对工艺参数的敏感度,从而总结出了部分运行指南。     

小流域暴雨山洪水文模型与水动力学方法计算比较分析

针对小流域暴雨山洪精细模拟问题,提出了小流域时空变源混合产流模型,以小流域为单元构建了暴雨山洪分布式模拟模型,开发了可视化时空变源分布式水文模型软件FFMS和水动力学计算软件FHMS。以宝盖寺小流域场次暴雨洪水计算为例,分别采用水文学和水动力学方法计算了小流域暴雨山洪过程,并分析了两种方法的计算精度、效率、实用性等。案例研究结果表明:(1)水文与水动力学方法均可实现小流域暴雨山洪的模拟,模拟结果与实测基本一致;(2)对于无资料小流域暴雨洪水计算,水文学建模速度快,计算效率更高,水动力学方法建模和计算效率更低;(3)在复杂地形条件下暴雨洪水形成机理、演进过程模拟方面,水动力学计算结果更加精细和准确;在山区中小流域洪水预报预警方面,水文学方法更加实用。     

间歇式双向循环活性污泥法在工业废水处理中的应用

间歇式双向循环活性污泥法自 1995年在国内工业废水处理中开始推广应用以来 ,已有许多成功的工程实例。分析了间歇式双向循环活性污泥法的原理和运转方式 ,并对该工艺在工业废水处理中的应用经验进行了总结     

一维二维水动力模型耦合的城市洪水模拟

城市洪水模拟通常包括城市内河流模拟和城区平面漫流模拟。一维水动力学模型可以较好地模拟河流和水工建筑物的水流特征,二维水动力学模型模拟水平漫流可以取得令人满意的结果。而一维二维耦合模型可以充分发挥两种模型的各自特色和优势,解决两种模型分别使用时经常遇到的空间分辨率和计算精度等问题。本文通过建立一维二维水动力耦合模型,针对不同的典型降雨过程,对该模型系统进行验证和分析,并最终用于模拟济南市不同重现期下洪水淹没情况。模拟结果表明,该模型能够有效地模拟复杂市区降雨积水过程,能够提供可信度较高的城市洪水潜在风险评估,可为城市防汛预警决策提供技术指导。     

盐酸法大型二氧化氯发生器的工艺设计

介绍了MCW-B系列大型二氧化氯发生器,采用蒸汽逆流直接加热反应液以及多级塔板连续式反应工艺,提高传热效率,降低成本,产量大,收率高,控制系统完善,安全可靠.     

连续式拌和站的运用与改进

连续式拌和站在目前国内水电行业运用还较少,与传统的拌和楼站相比,连续式拌和站具有生产效率高,设备成本低的优点。连续式拌和站因其设备的特性,生产过程中的混凝土净拌制的时间远低于国家规范要求,出机口混凝土半成品在各方面指标的认可度上还存在分歧,现就该设备在天花板电站运行过程中的一些特性和改进加以论述。     

Analysing sludge balance in activated sludge systems with a novel mass transport model

In activated sludge systems the mechanically treated wastewater is biologically cleaned by biomass (activated sludge). The basic requirement of an efficient biological wastewater treatment is to have as a high biomass concentration in the biological reactor (BR) as possible. The activated sludge balance in activated sludge systems is controlled by the settling, thickening, scraper mechanism in the secondary settling tank (SST) and sludge returning. These processes aim at keeping maximum sludge mass in the BR and minimum sludge mass in the SST even in peak flow events (storm water flow). It can be, however, only reached by a high SST performance. The main physical processes and boundary conditions such as inhomogeneous turbulent flow, geometrical features of the SST, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) load, return sludge flow, sludge volume index etc. all influence settling thickening and sludge returning. In the paper a novel mass transport model of an activated sludge system is presented which involves a 2-dimensional SST model coupled with a mixed reactor model of the biological reactor. It makes possible to investigate different sludge returning strategies and their influence on the sludge balance of the investigated activated sludge system, furthermore, the processes determining the flow and concentration patterns in the SST. The paper gives an overview on the first promising model results of a prevailing peak flow event investigation at the WWTP of Graz.     

Intelligent control system based on blackboard concept for wastewater treatment processes

An intelligent control system for wastewater treatment processes has been developed and applied to full-scale, high-rate, activated sludge process control. In this control system, multiple software agents that model the target system using their own modeling method collaborate by using data stored in an abstracted database named ‘blackboard’. The software agents, which are called ‘expert modules’, include a fuzzy expert system, a fuzzy controller, a theoretical activated sludge model, and evaluators of raw data acquired by various online sensors including a respirometer. In this paper, the difficulties of controlling an activated sludge system by using a single conventional strategy are briefly reviewed, then our approach to overcome these difficulties by using multiple modeling methods in the framework of an ‘intelligent control system’ is proposed. Case studies of applications to a high-rate activated sludge process that treats BOD and nitrogen of human excrement are also presented.     

活性污泥法脱氮除磷工艺设计方法探讨

对活性污泥法脱氮除磷工艺的设计方法进行探讨,提出以泥龄为主进行控制,采用活性污泥数学模型与经验方法相结合,并以COD为计量单位,对不同种类有机物进行分类.简述了不同有机物测定方法和设计过程.     

Enhanced nutrient removal MBR system with chemical addition for low effluent TP

A pilot study was conducted to test an membrane bioreactor (MBR) process for combined biological and chemical P removal to achieve a very low effluent total phosphorus (TP) concentration of 0.025 mg P/L. With the data from the pilot test, a simulation study was performed to demonstrate that: (1) the pilot system behaviour (effluent quality, MLSS, etc.) can be modelled accurately with an activated sludge model combined with a chemical precipitation model; and (2) with the calibrated model, simulation scenarios can be performed to further understand the pilot MBR process, and provide information for optimizing design and operation when applied at full-scale. Results from the pilot test indicated that the system could achieve very low effluent TP concentration through biological P removal with a limited chemical addition, and chemical addition to remove P to very low level did not affect other biological processes, i.e., organic and nitrogen removal. Simulation studies indicate that the process behaviour can be modelled accurately with an activated sludge model combined with a chemical precipitation model, and the calibrated model can be used to provide information to optimize system design and operation, e.g., chemical addition control under dynamic loading conditions is important for maintaining biological P removal.     

Modeling of extracellular polymeric substances and soluble microbial products production in a submerged membrane bioreactor at various SRTs.

Extracelluar polymeric substances (EPSs) and soluble microbial products (SMPs) produced by microbial cultures involved in membrane biofouling have been widely investigated. A mathematical model of EPS and SMP formation and degradation was established based on the activated sludge model no. 1 (ASM1) and was applied to the membrane bioreactor sludge with different sludge retention times (SRTs). The unified theory that the distinct products from the EPS and SMP overlapped each other was integrated into the ASM1. Two components, five processes and eight parameters were newly added to set up the model. To increase the accuracy of model simulation, microbial kinetic parameters were determined by respirometry method and applied to the model instead of microbial kinetic constant offered in ASM1. From the respirometry result, both of heterotroph and autotroph showed different yield value, growth rate and decay rate from activated sludge. There was no significant effect of SRT on SMP production and the experimental results showed good agreement with the predicted values by the model simulation. With the developed unified EPS and SMP model, EPS and SMP production could be simulated so well that it can be applied for the membrane biofouling control.     

Towards a benchmark simulation model for plant-wide control strategy performance evaluation of WWTPs.

The COST/IWA benchmark simulation model has been available for seven years. Its primary purpose has been to create a platform for control strategy benchmarking of activated sludge processes. The fact that the benchmark has resulted in more than 100 publications, not only in Europe but also worldwide, demonstrates the interest in such a tool within the research community In this paper, an extension of the benchmark simulation model no 1 (BSM1) is proposed. This extension aims at facilitating control strategy development and performance evaluation at a plant-wide level and, consequently, includes both pre-treatment of wastewater as well as the processes describing sludge treatment. The motivation for the extension is the increasing interest and need to operate and control wastewater treatment systems not only at an individual process level but also on a plant-wide basis. To facilitate the changes, the evaluation period has been extended to one year. A prolonged evaluation period allows for long-term control strategies to be assessed and enables the use of control handles that cannot be evaluated in a realistic fashion in the one-week BSM1 evaluation period. In the paper, the extended plant layout is proposed and the new suggested process models are described briefly. Models for influent file design, the benchmarking procedure and the evaluation criteria are also discussed. And finally, some important remaining topics, for which consensus is required, are identified.     

Biological treatment of sludge digester liquids.

Nitrogen removal in side stream processes offers a good potential for upgrading wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) that need to meet stricter effluent standards. Removing nutrients from these internal process flows significantly reduces the N-load to the main treatment plant. These internal flows mainly result from the sludge processing and have a high temperature and a high concentration of ammonia. Therefore, the required reactor volumes as well as the required aerobic SRT are small. Generally, biological treatment processes are more economical and preferred over physical-chemical processes. Recently, several biological treatment processes have been introduced for sludge water treatment. These processes are available now on the activated sludge market (e.g. SHARON, ANAMMOX and BABE processes). The technologies differ in concept and in the limitations guiding the application of these processes for upgrading WWTPs. This paper reviews and compares different biological alternatives for nitrogen removal in side streams. The limitations for selecting a technology from the available ones in the activated sludge market are noted and analysed. It is stressed that the choice for a certain process is based on more aspects than pure process engineering arguments.     

Filter clogging in coarse pore filtration activated sludge process under high MLSS concentration.

Coarse pore filtration activated sludge process is a type of hybrid process in which the secondary settling tank of the conventional activated sludge process is replaced by non- woven and coarse pore filter modules. The filter has pores, which are irregular in shape, and much bigger than micro-filtration membrane pores in size. The objective of the study is to find out the effect of the microbial community structure on filter clogging in the coarse pore filtration activated sludge process under high MLSS concentration in aerobic and anoxic/aerobic (A/A) conditions. Filter clogging started from day 65 and 70 in the A/A and aerobic process, respectively, but it was more severe in the A/A process compared to that in the aerobic process. EPS contents of sludge did not change significantly during the operation in both processes, and did not have a crucial effect on the observed filter clogging. There was no strong evidence for direct effect of the type and number of metazoa on filter clogging. The main difference between aerobic sludge and A/A sludge during the filter clogging period was the relative abundance of filamentous bacteria. According to the obtained results, it can be concluded that a higher presence of filamentous bacteria could reduce the severity of filter clogging in a coarse pore filtration activated sludge process.     

Multivariable modeling and control of an activated sludge process

This paper contains two contributions. First it is shown, in a simulation study using the IAWQ model, that a linear multivariable time-invariant state-space model can be used to predict the ammonium and nitrate concentration in the last aerated zone in a pre-denitrifying activated sludge process. Secondly, using the estimated linear model, a multivariable linear quadratic (LQ) controller is designed and used to control the ammonium and nitrate concentration.