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1.
振荡器就像电子系统中的电源一样无处不在,有人认为它们的重要性等同于电源,在任何需要时序信号的东西中都能发现它们的应用,从数字手表到电视和PC,因此它们在电子设备时序中扮演重要角色。特别是在通信和数据处理应用领域,对高性能时序IC日益增长的市场需求,是在低成本、低功耗的基础上要具备更高精度和灵活性。  相似文献   

2.
美图赏     
《新潮电子》2007,(1):206-207
拍摄小动物需要首先解读它们的眼睛,动物的眼神和人一样能演绎千言万语。相对那些到了户外活蹦乱跳的小狗而言,猫咪则要深沉得多,它们的眼神中,经常充斥着不信任,  相似文献   

3.
天歌 《电子世界》2004,(6):28-28
智能手机有这么多的有趣应用,要实现它们都需要软件的支持。在大多数智能手机中,只有WAP浏览器和E-mail收发软件是内置在机器中的,其它软件如Web浏览器、FTP软件、QQ聊天工具等都需要另外安装才行。  相似文献   

4.
生物的生存和运动需要附着,它们的足就进化出具有很强附着能力的结构表面,如蚂蚁、苍蝇、蜜蜂、蝗虫、甲虫、蜘蛛、壁虎的足能够在直立表面甚至天棚表面上附着或行走,其优良的附着能力来源于它们爪垫的附着机构,特别是与外物表面接触部位的表面微结构。  相似文献   

5.
刘启诚 《通信世界》2002,(34):32-32
今年的国际通信展上,光通信厂商不约而同地走向了务实,与往年在技术上比个高低优劣不同的是,今年厂商参展的光通信产品大多集中于接入产品。一位业内人士分析说,电信市场已经从技术驱动市场转向了应用驱动市场。当前,随着互联网和宽带市场的发展,电信运营商需要在电信接入市场重新裂土分疆,它们需要成熟的技术产品和整体解决方案为它们带来巨大的市场和丰厚的利润。因此,对于设备制造厂商来说,它们研发的产品必须符合两个条件.才能在市场竞争中立于不败之地。  相似文献   

6.
电信的未来     
分析现在的信息技术,我们便可看出过去几十年来的某些发展情况,本文将设想到2010年的未来20年电信发展的趋势,并研讨它们对通信业务的意义。特别需要指出的是:这些发展趋势具有巨大的动力,因为它们是由坚实的科学技术基础、巨大财力、人力以及强烈的用户需求所支持的。  相似文献   

7.
激光切割的污染排除激光在以往四分之一世纪的工业应用中已赢得一个小的然而坚实的地位。它们出现了自身的一些问题:费用、生产率、自动化及培训等,还有一个常被忽略的激光维修和安全方面的需要。激光束/材料之间的相互作用,可能会产生极其微细的粒子和灰尘,它们堆积...  相似文献   

8.
引言当今的许多电子设备都需要一个负输出或正输出转换器,有时则是两者均需要。另外,它们还必需采用各种电源运作,包括USB、墙上适配器、碱性电池和锂电池等。为了从可变输入电压产生不同极性的输出,电源设计师常常采用多种稳压器IC,因而导致库存元器件品种的增加。  相似文献   

9.
简介 基于SRAM的FPGA是非易失性器件。它们需要外部存储器来在加电时存储发送给它们的配置数据。发射过程中,可以采集配置比特流,并用其来配置其它FPGA。这类知识产权盗窃可能会让设计者遭受收入损失。  相似文献   

10.
陈志刚 《通信世界》2009,(42):I0027-I0027
数据业务体系越是壮大,越是复杂,就越迫切地需要调整资源分配体系以及规范运行流程,以确保它们得到足够的资源支持。  相似文献   

11.
Three alternative schemes for secure Virtual Private Network (VPN) deployment over the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS) are proposed and analyzed. The proposed schemes enable a mobile node to voluntarily establish an IPsec-based secure channel to a private network. The alternative schemes differ in the location where the IPsec functionality is placed within the UMTS network architecture (mobile node, access network, and UMTS network border), depending on the employed security model, and whether data in transit are ever in clear-text, or available to be tapped by outsiders. The provided levels of privacy in the deployed VPN schemes, as well as the employed authentication models are examined. An analysis in terms of cost, complexity, and performance overhead that each method imposes to the underlying network architecture, as well as to the mobile devices is presented. The level of system reliability and scalability in granting security services is presented. The VPN management, usability, and trusted relations, as well as their behavior when a mobile user moves are analyzed. The use of special applications that require access to encapsulated data traffic is explored. Finally, an overall comparison of the proposed schemes from the security and operation point of view summarizes their relative performance. Christos Xenakis received his B.Sc. degree in computer science in 1993 and his M.Sc. degree in telecommunication and computer networks in 1996, both from the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Athens, Greece. In 2004 he received his Ph.D. from the University of Athens (Department of Informatics and Telecommunications). From 1998–2000 was with the Greek telecoms system development firm Teletel S.A., where was involved in the design and development of advanced telecommunications subsystems for ISDN, ATM, GSM, and GPRS. Since 1996 he has been a member of the Communication Networks Laboratory of the University of Athens. He has participated in numerous projects realized in the context of EU Programs (ACTS, ESPRIT, IST). His research interests are in the field of mobile/wireless networks, security and distributed network management. He is the author of over 15 papers in the above areas. Lazaros Merakos received the Diploma in electrical and mechanical engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece, in 1978, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in electrical engineering from the State University of New York, Buffalo, in 1981 and 1984, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, he was on the faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science at the University of Connecticut, Storrs. From 1986 to 1994 he was on the faculty of the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department at Northeastern University, Boston, MA. During the period 1993–1994 he served as Director of the Communications and Digital Processing Research Center at Northeastern University. During the summers of 1990 and 1991, he was a Visiting Scientist at the IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY. In 1994, he joined the faculty of the University of Athens, Athens, Greece, where he is presently a Professor in the Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, and Director of the Communication Networks Laboratory (UoA-CNL) and the Networks Operations and Management Center. His research interests are in the design and performance analysis of broadband networks, and wireless/mobile communication systems and services. He has authored more than 150 papers in the above areas. Since 1995, he is leading the research activities of UoA-CNL in the area of mobile communications, in the framework of the Advanced Communication Technologies & Services (ACTS) and Information Society Technologies (IST) programmes funded by the European Union (projects RAINBOW, Magic WAND, WINE, MOBIVAS, POLOS, ANWIRE). He is chairman of the board of the Greek Universities Network, the Greek Schools Network, and member of the board of the Greek Research Network. In 1994, he received the Guanella Award for the Best Paper presented at the International Zurich Seminar on Mobile Communications.  相似文献   

12.
Thanks to their structure, the SOI technologies present several intrinsic advantages for analog and RF applications. Indeed, as it is well established now, these technologies allow the reduction of the power consumption at a given operating frequency. Moreover, the high-insulating properties of SOI substrates, in particular when high resistivity substrate is used, make that these technologies are perfect candidates for mixed-signal applications. In the present paper, we will discuss the performances of the SOI technologies in radio-frequency range. First of all, the high-frequency behavior of SOI substrates, thanks to the characterization of transmission lines, will be shown. The impact of the SOI substrate resistivity on the performances of passive components will also be analyzed. Then, an overview of RF performances of SOI MOSFETs for two different architectures, fully- and partially-depleted, will be achieved and compared to the bulk ones. Finally, the influence of some specific parasitic effects, such as the kink effect, the self-heating effect and the kink-related excess noise, on the RF performances of SOI devices will be studied, thanks to a specific high-frequency characterization.  相似文献   

13.
The HiBRID-SoC multi-core system-on-chip architecture targets a wide range of multimedia applications with particularly high processing demands, including general signal processing applications, video de-/encoding, image processing, or a combination of these tasks. For this purpose, the HiBRID-SoC integrates three fully programmable processors cores and various interfaces onto a single chip, all tied to a 64-Bit AMBA AHB bus. The processor cores are individually optimized to the particular computational characteristics of different application fields, complementing each other to deliver high performance levels with high flexibility at reduced system cost. The HiBRID-SoC is fabricated in a 0.18 μm 6LM standard-cell CMOS technology, occupies about 81 mm2, and operates at 145 MHz. An MPEG-4 Advanced Simple Profile decoder in full D1 resolution requires about 120 MHz for real-time operation on the HiBRID-SoC, utilizing only two of the three cores. Together with the third core, a custom region-of-interest (ROI) based surveillance application can be built.Hans-Joachim Stolberg received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 1995.From 1995 to 1996, he was with the NEC Information Technology Research Laboratories, Kawasaki, Japan, working on efficient implementations of video compression algorithms. Since 1996, he has been with the Institute of Microelectronic Systems at the University of Hannover as a Research Assistant. During summer 2001, he was a Monbukagakusho Research Fellow at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan. His current research interests include VLSI architectures for video signal processing, performance estimation of multimedia schemes, and profile-guided memory organization for signal processing and multimedia applications.Mladen Bereković received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 1995.Since then he has been a Research Assistant with the Institute of Microelectronic Systems of the University of Hannover. His current research interests include VLSI architectures for video signal processing, MPEG-4, System-on-Chip (SOC) designs, and simultaneously multi-threaded (SMT) processor architectures.Sören Moch received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 1997.Since then he has been Research Assistant with the Laboratory for Information Technology, University of Hannover. His current research interests are in the area of processor architectures for image, video and multimedia signal processing applications.Lars Friebe studied electrical engineering at the Universities Ulm and Hannover, Germany. In 1999, he worked at the NEC System ULSI Research Laboratory in Kanagawa, Japan. He received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 1999.Since then he has been a Research Assistant with the Laboratory for Information Technology, University of Hannover. His current research interests are in the area of parallel programmable VLSI architectures for real-time image processing.Mark B. Kulaczewski started his studies in electrical engineering at the University of Hannover, Germany. In 1994, he transferred to Purdue University, West Lafayette, USA, and received the M.S. degree in electrical engineering in 1996.Since 1997 he has been a Research Assistant at the Laboratory for Information Technology and the Institute of Microelectronic Systems, University of Hannover. His current research interests include programmable real-time architectures for video coding and image segmentation, and instruction-set extensions for cryptographic applications.Sebastian Flügel was born in Crivitz, Germany, in 1975. He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree from the Department of Electrical Engineering of the University of Rostock in 2001.Since then he has been a Ph.D. candidate at the Institute of Microelectronic Systems at the University of Hannover. He works in the field of architectures and systems for video processing systems. His focus is on algorithms for video encoding and the development of optimized hardware architectures.Heiko Klußmann received the Dipl.-Ing. degree in computer engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 2002.Since then he has been a Research Assistant with the Institute of Microelectronic Systems of the University of Hannover. His current research interests are in the area of programmable architectures for real-time video signal processing.Andreas Dehnhardt was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, in 1976. He received his Dipl.-Ing. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Hannover, Germany, in 2002.Since then, he has been a Research Assistant with the Institute of Microelectronic Systems, University of Hannover. His current research interests include programmable architectures for multimedia applications and implementation of real-time MPEG-4 encoding schemes.Peter Pirsch received the Ing. grad. degree from the engineering college in Hannover, Hannover, Germany, in 1966, and the Dipl.-Ing. and Dr.-Ing. degrees from the University of Hannover, in 1973 and 1979, respectively, all in electrical engineering.From 1966 to 1973 he was employed by Telefunken, Hannover, working in the Television Department. He became a Research Assistant at the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Hannover, in 1973, a Senior Engineer in 1978. During 1979 to 1980 and in Summer 1981 he was on leave, working in the Visual Communications Research Department, Bell Laboratories, Holmdel, NJ. During 1983 to 1986 he was Department Head for Digital Signal Processing at the SEL research center, Stuttgart. Since 1987 he is Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering, since 2002 in the Department of Computer Science at the University of Hannover. He served as Vice President Research of the University of Hannover from 1998 to 2002. His present research includes architectures and VLSI implementations for image processing applications, rapid prototyping and design automation for DSP applications. He is the author or coauthor of more than 200 technical papers. He has edited a book on VLSI Implementations for Image Communications (Elsevier 1993) and is author of the book Architectures for Digital Signal Processing (John Wiley 1998).Pirsch is a member of the IEEE, the German Institute of Information Technology Engineers (ITG) and the German Association of Engineers (VDI). He was recipient of several awards: the NTG paper price award (1982), IEEE Fellow (1997), IEEE Circuits and Systems Golden Jubilee Medal (1999). He was member or chair of several technical program committees of international conferences and organizer of special sessions and preconference courses. He has held several administrative and technical positions with the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society and other professional organizations. Dr. Pirsch currently serves as Vice President Publications of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. Since 2000 he is chairman of the Accreditation Commission for Engineering and Informatics of the Accreditation Agency for Study Programs in Engineering, Informatics, Natural Science and Mathematics (ASIIN). Dr. Pirsch is chair of the VDI committee on Engineering Education.  相似文献   

14.
自动测试系统中的总线技术   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1  
自动测试系统满足现代科研生产中对测试高速度和高精度的要求,其发展方向是标准化、模块化和系列化,而标准的总线技术是满足这三化的关键技术,总线技术作为自动测试系统的核心,其发展推动了自动测试系统的更新换代.按照自动测试系统中出现的总线技术的顺序,依次对GPIB,VXI,PXI,LXI的基本特性、优缺点及应用进行概括,重点是结合在实际中组建自动测试系统对总线的选型,从宏观上比较了选取传统的卡式仪器总线或基于以太网的新型总线的因素.从而使用户在选取总线时更有针对性和目的性.  相似文献   

15.
随着企业规模逐渐扩大,远程用户、分支机构、合作伙伴也在不断增多,关键业务的需求增加,出现了一种通过公共网络(如Internet)来建立自己的专用网络的技术,这种技术就是虚拟专用网(简称VPN)。本文首先介绍了VPN的概念,对VPN的实现技术进行了分类和适用性分析,然后分析了各种类型的企业在信息安全方面的需求和限制,根据不同企业的特点提出了不同的VPN解决方案,最后,对VPN在集成电路企业中的应用做了简单的拓朴展示。  相似文献   

16.
One of the most important and challenging issues in the design of personal communication service (PCS) systems is the management of location information. In this paper, we propose a new fault-tolerant location management scheme, which is based on the cellular quorum system. Due to quorum's salient set property, our scheme can tolerate the failures of one or more location server(s) without adding or changing the hardware of the systems in the two-tier networks. Meanwhile, with a region-based approach, our scheme stores/retrieves the MH location information in the location servers of a quorum set of the local region as much as possible to avoid long delays caused by the possible long-distance of VLR and HLR. Thus, it yields better connection establishment and update delay. Ming-Jeng Yang received the M.S. degree in computer science from the Syracuse University, New York, in 1991, and the Ph.D. degree in computer science from National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan, in 2004. He is an associate professor in the Department of Information Technology, Takming College, Taiwan. His research interests include wireless networks, mobile computing, fault-tolerant computing, and distributed computing. He is a member of the IEEE Computer Society and the ACM. Yao-Ming Yeh received the B.S. degree in computer engineering from National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan, in 1981, and the M.S. degree in computer science and information engineering from National Taiwan University, Taiwan, in 1983. In August 1991, he received the Ph.D. degree in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, Pa., U.S.A. He is a professor in the Department of Information and Computer Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taiwan. His research interests include fault-tolerant computing, web and XML computing, and distributed computing.  相似文献   

17.
Due to its cost effectiveness and reliability, wet-chemical etching of silicon is still one of the key technologies for producing bulk-silicon microstructures. In this paper we present an approach for the design of advanced mask sets for anisotropic, wet-chemical etching of silicon. The optimization method of genetic algorithms is used to derive suitable masks for cases where geometrically calculated compensation structures fail. The underlying etch simulation is described as well as the optimization algorithm itself. Design tasks of current research projects are used as examples to illustrate the advantage of using the presented tool. Udo Triltsch was born in Bergisch Gladbach, Germany, in 1976. He received the Dipl.-Ing. degree for Mechanical Engineering from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany, in 2002. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. at the Institute for Microtechnology, Braunschweig, Germany. His research interests include: design methodology for MEMS, process simulation and knowledge management. Anurak Phataralaoha was born in Bangkok, Thailand, in 1973. He received the B. Eng. degree for Production Engineering from KMUTT, Thailand in 1995 and Dipl.-Ing. degree for Mechanical Engineering from Technical University of Clausthal, Germany in 2002. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. at the Institute for Microtechnology, Braunschweig, Germany. His research interests include: 3D-tactile sensors, micro machining for silicon, Tribological micro guide. Stephanus Büttgenbach obtained the Diploma and Ph.D. degrees in physics from the University of Bonn, Germany, in 1970 and 1973, respectively. From 1974 to 1985, he was with the Institute of Applied Physics of the University of Bonn, working on atomic and laser spectroscopy. In 1983, he was promoted to Professor of Physics. From 1977 to 1985, he was also a Scientific Associate at CERN in Geneva, Switzerland. In 1985, Dr. Büttgenbach joined the Hahn-Schickard-Society of Applied Research at Stuttgart as Head of the Department of Microtechnology, where he worked on micromechanics, laser microfabrication, and resonant sensors. From 1988 to 1991, he was the Founding Director of the Institute of Micro and Information Technology of the Hahn-Schickard-Society. In 1991, Dr. Büttgenbach became Professor of Microtechnology at the Technical University of Braunschweig. His current research centers on the development and application of micro sensors, micro actuators, and micro systems. Currently, he is Vice President of the Technical University of Braunschweig, where his areas of responsibility are research and technology transfer. Dima Straube was born in Berlin, Germany, in 1977. He received the Dipl.-Ing. degree for Civil Engineering from Technical University of Berlin, Germany, in 2002. He is currently working towards his Ph.D. at the Institute for Engineering Design, Braunschweig. His research interests include: design methodology for MEMS, computer aided design and tolerance management. Hans-Joachim Franke was born in Helmstedt, Germany, on February 14, 1944. He received his diploma in mechanical engineering (Dipl.-Ing.) from the Technical University of Braunschweig, Germany, in 1969. From 1969 to 1976 he was research assistant of Prof. Roth at the Institute for Engineering Design. In 1976 he received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical engineering. From 1976 to 1988 he had diverse executive positions at the KSB-AG in Frankenthal, Germany, a company, which produces pumps and valves. Since 1988 he has been the director of the Institute for Engineering Design of the Technical University of Braunschweig. His research interests are in the areas of design methodology, computer aided design and machine elements.  相似文献   

18.
徐春霞 《电子工程师》2004,30(5):65-67,73
在讨论了接入控制器(AC)网络管理系统安全重要性的基础上,分析了SNMP协议的应用,包括对其3个版本SNMPv1、SNMPv2及SNMPv3的优缺点的对比,并解释了该设备网络管理系统采用SNMPv3版本的原因.详细介绍了AC所实现的管理信息库的内容,包括RFC1213协议、IEEE 802.1x协议、RMON协议、Web DHCP、EAP_OTP、EAP_MD5、EAP_TLS、EAP_SIM等多种认证协议以及网络管理系统的五大功能.最后阐述了AC安全网络管理系统结构的设计与实现.  相似文献   

19.
雷达探鸟技术发展与应用综述   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
探鸟雷达已成为机场鸟击防范、风力发电场鸟击风险评估、鸟类自然保护区鸟情观测与科学研究的重要工具。文中首先论述了探鸟雷达的主要组成部分。然后,分析了地面杂波、空域杂波和其他无关目标对探鸟雷达探测效果的影响,进而介绍了传统的杂波抑制方法和相参雷达杂波抑制技术,以及先进的探鸟雷达采用的目标检测、目标跟踪、目标显示、数据记录和雷达组网等数据处理技术。接着,给出了当前的探鸟雷达能够获取的目标轨迹、回波大小、回波强度、信号波动、飞行速度、飞行高度等反映飞鸟目标特性的主要指标。最后,描述了国内外四种典型雷达探鸟系统,并针对雷达探鸟技术的未来发展提出了一些思考及可行性建议。  相似文献   

20.
We present the fixed-point analysis and VLSI realization of a maximum-power blind beamforming algorithm. This algorithm consists of the computation of a correlation matrix and its dominant eigenvector, and we propose that the latter be accomplished by the power method. After analyzing the numerical stability of the power method, we derive a division-free form of the algorithm. Based on a block-Toeplitz assumption, we design an FIR filter based system to realize both the correlation computation and the power method. Our ring processor, which is optimized to implement digital filters, is used as the core of the architecture. A special technique for dynamically switching filter inputs is shown to double the system throughput. VLSI design is discussed in detail and chip fabrication results are presented.Fan Xu received the B.S. and M.S. degrees in electronics engineering from Tsinghua University, Beijing, China, in 1993 and 1996, respectively, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of California, Los Angeles, in 2001. His Ph.D. research focused on algorithm design and analysis for digital signal processors and eigenvector estimation architectures.In 1997, he held an internship at Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, Holmdel, NJ, where he worked on equalization algorithms for cellular systems. He joined Broadcom Co., Irvine, CA, in 2001. His research interests include VLSI signal processing, customized digital signal processor, efficient hardware architectures for adaptive signal processing and high-performance VLSI design.Guichang Zhong received the B.S. degree from Xi an Jiaotong University, China, in 1996 and the M.S. degree from the Institute of Microelectronics of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China, in 2000, both in electrical engineering. He is currently working toward the Ph.D. degree in integrated circuits and systems at the University of California, Los Angeles.His present research interests are in high-performance VLSI digital signal processors design, with an emphasis on reconfigurable and energy-efficient architecture.Alan N. Willson, Jr. received the B.E.E. degree from the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, in 1961, and the M.S. and Ph.D. degrees from Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, in 1965 and 1967 respectively.From 1961 to 1964 he was with IBM, Poughkeepsie, NY. He was an Instructor in electrical engineering at Syracuse University from 1965 to 1967. From 1967 to 1973 he was a Member of the Technical Staff at Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, NJ. Since 1973, he has been on the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), where he is Professor of Engineering and Applied Science in the Electrical Engineering Department. In addition, he served the UCLA School of Engineering and Applied Science as Assistant Dean for Graduate Studies from 1977 through 1981 and as Associate Dean of Engineering from 1987 through 2001. He has been engaged in research concerning computer-aided circuit analysis and design, the stability of distributed circuits, properties of nonlinear networks, theory of active circuits, digital signal processing, analog circuit fault diagnosis, and integrated circuits for signal processing. He is editor of Nonlinear Networks: Theory and Analysis (New York: IEEE Press, 1974). In 1991 he founded Pentomics, Inc.Dr. Willson is a member of Eta Kappa Nu, Sigma Xi, Tau Beta Pi, the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, and the American Society for Engineering Education. From 1977 to 1979, he served as Editor of the IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON CIRCUITS AND SYSTEMS. In 1980, he was General Chairman of the 14th Asilomar Conference on Circuits, Systems, and Computers. During 1984, he served as President of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society. He was the recipient of the 1978 and 1994 Guillemin-Cauer Awards of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society, the 1982 GeorgeWestinghouse Award of the American Society for Engineering Education, the 1982 Distinguished Faculty Award of the UCLA Engineering Alumni Association, the 1984 Myril B. Reed Best Paper Award of the Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, the 1985 and 1994 W.R.G. Baker Awards of the IEEE, the 2000 Technical Achievement Award and the 2003 Mac Van Valkenburg Award of the IEEE Circuits and Systems Society.  相似文献   

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