钛柱撑蒙脱石光催化降解甲基橙的性能研究

以钛酸丁酯为前驱体、钠基蒙脱石为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了二氧化钛柱撑蒙脱石（TiO2—MMT）纳米复合材料。采用X-射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、全自动比表面积及中孔、微孔分析仪（BET）等分析手段对TiO2—MMT进行了表征,并研究了其对甲基橙的光催化降解活性。结果表明：TiO2—MMT主要由锐钛矿型TiO2和蒙脱石组成,呈层片状结构,TiO2柱撑到蒙脱石层间,并使其（001）晶面间距明显增大。在中性和碱性奈件下,TiO2-MMT对甲基橙的光催化降解能力较弱;在酸性条件下,TiO2-MMT对甲基橙的降解率远远高于中性和碱性条件下的降解率。TiO2—MMT光催化降解甲基橙的优化条件为：pH值4、甲基橙初始浓度30mg·L-1、TiO2-MMT投加量10g·L-1,在优化条件下光照2h,TiO2-MMT对甲基橙的催化降解率为99．4％。     

薄膜化固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2-WO3光催化降解甲基橙

采用硫酸溶液浸渍处理TiO2-WO3制得SO42-/TiO2-WO3薄膜光催化剂,考察了光催化剂对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解行为.结果表明,在硫酸浓度为0.2 mol·L-1、焙烧温度为550℃、WO3掺杂量为2％的最佳条件下制备的光催化剂活性最高,甲基橙降解90 min的降解率达到72％.     

薄膜化固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2-WO3光催化降解甲基橙

采用硫酸溶液漫渍处理TiO2—WO3制得SO4^2-／TiO2-WO3薄膜光催化剂,考察了光催化荆对甲基橙溶液的光催化降解行为。结果表明,在硫酸浓度为0．2mol·L-1、焙烧温度为550℃、WO3掺杂量为2％的最佳条件下制备的光催化剂活性最高,甲基橙降解90min的降解率达到72％。     

制备条件对纳米TiO2溶胶结构和性能的影响

以四氯化钛和氨水为原料,在低温下制备锐钛矿型纳米TiO2溶胶。通过XRD测试与对亚甲基兰和甲基橙的光催化降解实验,探讨了制备过程中酸的种类、酸的浓度、回流温度和回流时间对TiO2结构和光催化性能的影响。并得出具有高光催化活性纳米TiO2溶胶的最佳制备条件:硝酸浓度为0.08mol/L,回流温度为80℃,回流时间为2h。此条件下产物在太阳光照下对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的催化降解率大于95%。     

钕和镨共掺杂TiO2光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯纳米TiO2、钕和镨掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了催化剂加入量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响。实验结果表明,钕掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性高于纯纳米TiO2的光催化活性,而适量钕镨共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性可进一步提高,最佳掺杂浓度为0．5％的钕和0．2％的镨。当钕和镨共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂加入量为2．0g／L,甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度为30mg／L,pH值为10．5时,在40w紫外灯光照射35min后降解率最好,可达到93％。     

SO2-4/Fe2O3固体超强酸的制备及光催化降解甲基橙的研究

采用沉淀-浸渍法制备SO2-4/Fe2O3固体超强酸催化剂.通过单因素实验考察了SO2-4/Fe2O3光降解甲基橙的效果.结果表明,固体超强酸SO2-4/Fe2O3光催化降解甲基橙的最优反应条件是:溶液pH值为6,催化用量2g·L-1,甲基橙溶液初始浓度10mg·L-1,反应时间90min.在最优反应条件下,甲基橙的降解率可达90％以上.     

活性炭负载TiO2的制备及其光催化活性研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/活性炭(AC)光催化剂,采用XRD分析了纳米TiO2晶型,SEM观察了活性炭负载前后表面形貌.正交试验分析了各因素对光催化降解甲基橙的影响.结果表明:制备的纳米TiO2为纯锐钛矿型,催化剂以不规则碎片包覆在活性炭表面.复合材料在TiO2浓度0.441 mol/L,50℃烘干后,pH=3的环境下降解甲基橙,脱色率达到95.5％.溶液pH值是催化降解的主要影响因素.     

TiO2粉体光催化降解四种可溶性染料的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2粉体,光催化降解了亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿、酸性品红、甲基橙等四种染料.研究了染料浓度、pH值、催化剂用量、时间等因素对四种染料光催化降解的影响.在染料的浓度为5 mg·L-1(甲基橙10 mg·L-1)、pH=7、TiO2粉体的用量为2 g·L-1、光照时间为1.0 h,其脱色率可以达到90%以上.     

钕和镨共掺杂TiO2光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶—凝胶法制备纯纳米TiO2、钕和镨掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了催化剂加入量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响.实验结果表明,钕掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性高于纯纳米TiO2的光催化活性,而适量钕镨共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性可进一步提高,最佳掺杂浓度为0.5％的钕和0.2％的镨.当钕和镨共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂加入量为2.0g/L,甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度为30 mg/L,pH值为10.5时,在40 W紫外灯光照射35 min后降解率最好,可达到93％.     

超声——化学氧化法降解水中甲基橙的研究

用超声波辐射甲基橙溶液,研究了溶液浓度、溶液酸碱度(pH值)、外加H2O2、外加纳米TiO2光催化剂和联合紫外光照射对甲基橙的降解效果。结果表明,甲基橙溶液浓度在10~40 mg/L范围内,其降解率与溶液浓度呈良好的线性关系(相关系数r=0.9917~0.9987);pH=3的酸性条件下甲基橙的降解率是pH=11的2倍;加入3g/L H2O2能使降解率提高40%;加入纳米TiO2和联合紫外光照射使甲基橙的脱色率达100%,超声波、纳米TiO2和紫外光三种作用存在协同效应。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.