聚四氟乙烯工程材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

用MPV-200型摩擦磨损试验机研究了干摩擦条件下磨损时间、滑动速度、载荷、填料等对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)工程塑料摩擦磨损性能的影响，结果表明：PTFE材料的摩擦因数和磨损率先随速度的增大而减小，然后又随着速度的增大而增大；随磨损时间的增长而降低，最后趋于稳定值；另外，摩擦因数大体上随载荷的增大而减小，磨损量则随载荷的增大而增加；填料可将PTFE的磨损量降低2个数量级，其中石墨使PTFE的摩擦因数降低，玻璃纤维和碳纤维则增大了PTFE的摩擦因数，而MoS2对PTFE摩擦因数的影响较小。对PTFE工程塑料的摩擦磨损特性进行系统分析，为优化设计提供理论基础。     

不同纤维增强和不同固体润滑剂改性PTFE复合材料的摩擦磨损性能

以碳纤维或玻璃纤维为增强纤维,二硫化钼(MoS_2)或石墨为固体润滑剂,制备了不同配方的聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料;在干摩擦和油润滑条件下对复合材料进行了摩擦磨损试验,观察了其磨损形貌,并分析了不同增强纤维和固体润滑剂对复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响。结果表明:在干摩擦条件下,当固体润滑剂相同时,与玻璃纤维增强的相比,碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度更小、摩擦因数更大,而当增强纤维相同时,MoS_2改性PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度比石墨改性的小,摩擦因数比石墨改性的大;在油润滑条件下,当固体润滑剂相同时,碳纤维增强PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度比玻璃纤维增强的小,摩擦因数比玻璃纤维增强的大,当增强纤维相同时,MoS_2改性PTFE复合材料的磨痕宽度比石墨改性的略低,摩擦因数比石墨改性的大。     

添加聚四氟乙烯微粉后聚醚醚酮复合材料的摩擦学性能

采用常温机械共混+高温模压方法制备了添加不同含量聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)微粉聚醚醚酮复合材料,研究了其力学性能、摩擦磨损性能及磨损形貌,并探讨了其摩擦磨损机理。结果表明:随PTFE微粉含量的增加,复合材料的洛氏硬度和压缩强度均降低,干摩擦条件下的摩擦因数减小,体积磨损量先降后升,当PTFE微粉质量分数5%时,体积磨损量最低;在油润滑和水润滑条件下复合材料的摩擦因数和体积磨损量均小于干摩擦条件下的,且随PTFE微粉含量的增加,油润滑条件下的体积磨损量下降,而水润滑条件下的增大;在干摩擦条件下复合材料的磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主,并伴有疲劳磨损,在油润滑条件下复合材料表面存在少量片状PTFE磨屑和碳纤维富集,在水润滑条件下复合材料表面被PTFE微片层覆盖,局部存在微裂纹和孔洞。     

碳材料填充PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能

利用 MM-200 型磨损试验机考察了石墨、碳纤维、硬碳和软碳填充 PTFE 复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,采用扫描电子显微镜观察分析磨损表面形貌及磨损机制.结果表明,碳材料可以不同程度地提高 PTFE 的耐磨性,它们对PT-FE 耐磨性的提高程度各不相同,其中以硬碳填充 PTFE 复合材料的磨损质量损失最小,石墨填充 PTFE 复合材料的磨损质量损失较大;不同填充材料对 PTFE 摩擦因数的影响各不相同,其中石墨填充 PTFE 的摩擦因数较小.石墨、软碳填允复合材料磨损机制以粘着磨损为主,硬碳、碳纤维复合材料,则表现为粘着磨损和磨粒磨损.     

碳纤维含量对铜-石墨电刷摩擦因数的影响

为进一步改善铜-石墨复合材料电刷的导电和耐磨性,提高其使用寿命,研究了在通电条件下,碳纤维含量对铜-石墨电刷摩擦因数的影响。结果表明,随碳纤维含量的增加,电刷摩擦因数降低,但碳纤维含量超过5%以后,摩擦因数呈增大趋势;即摩擦因数随碳纤维含量的增加存在极小值。     

PTFE-环氧树脂复合固体润滑膜的摩擦学性能研究

以E-44环氧树脂为基料,再加入纳米级的FITE微粒以及定量的乙二胺交联剂制备了PTFE固体复合润滑膜,通过摩擦磨损实验和表面形貌测试探讨了PTFE的最佳添加量,并考察了石墨添加量对复合固体润滑膜的硬度等性能的影响.实验结果表明:PTFE固体润滑膜具有良好的摩擦性能,加入石墨粉末后其摩擦因数有所提高,其硬度明显提高,单位磨损量降低.     

石墨及纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦学研究

研究了在碳纤维(CF)和玻璃纤维(GF)混杂纤维改性PTFE复合材料中添加石墨(Gr)的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能,探讨纤维及石墨的润滑协同效应.结果表明,纤维填料的加入使得复合材料的拉伸强度和伸长率有所降低,但大大提高了复合材料的硬度,石墨的加入能够降低摩擦因数,提高耐磨损性能.14? 9%GF 2%Gr复合材料具有较好的摩擦磨损性能,磨损表面(SEM)形貌较光滑,改变了纯PTFE的磨损机制,高载荷下耐磨损性能更突出.3种填料在PTFE基体中起到了很好的协同作用,综合性能较优异,具有一定的应用价值.     

Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层的耐磨性能研究

制备了Ni-P-PTFE化学复合镀层,在MM-200型磨损试验机上研究了PTFE加入量、热处理温度和载荷对复合镀层摩擦因数和磨损量的影响。结果表明:镀层摩擦因数在PTFE加入量为8mL/L时最小,同时镀层磨损量在此时也最小;在不同热处理温度下,Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层表现出较好的耐磨性和较小的摩擦因数;当载荷超过98N后,镀层的摩擦因数增大;随着载荷的增大,镀层的磨损量增大。     

聚四氟乙烯填充高岭土基矿物聚合物复合材料的摩擦学性能

研究了PTFE填充量对高岭土基矿物聚合物复合材料的力学性能和摩擦磨损性能的影响,利用XRD、SEM分析了材料的微观结构和磨损表面形貌。结果表明:填充PTFE对矿物聚合物材料的力学性能会有一定程度的降低,但可以有效改善复合材料的摩擦磨损性能,当PTFE体积分数为30%时,摩擦因数和磨损率均达到最低,分别为0.429和1.22×10-5mm3/N·m;当PTFE含量较高时,磨损机理除了磨粒磨损外还有对偶件的粘着转移。     

水润滑下316L不锈钢与聚醚醚酮摩擦磨损性能研究

为了寻找适合于水液压泵/马达的摩擦副材料,以316 L不锈钢与纯聚醚醚酮树脂、30%玻璃纤维增强PEEK(PEEKGF30)、30%碳纤维增强PEEK(PEEKCA30),PTFE和石墨及碳纤维填充PEEK(PEEKHPV)组成的摩擦副为研究对象,利用MMW-1立式万能摩擦磨损试验机测量摩擦副在水润滑下接触表面的摩擦因数和温度以及试样的磨损量,并通过激光共聚焦显微镜对试件表面磨损形貌进行分析。结果表明:316 L-PEEKHPV摩擦副的摩擦因数、摩擦温升、磨损量均小于其余3组摩擦副,适合作为水液压泵/马达的关键摩擦副材料。316 L不锈钢与PEEKGF30配对时,摩擦机制为涂抹和擦伤,磨损较为严重;与PEEKCA30配对时,摩擦机制为擦伤;与PEEKHPV配对时摩擦机制主要为划伤,磨损较为轻微。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.