基于经验与变分混合分解的超声回波信号噪声消除方法

超声缺陷检测结果易受超声回波信号中复杂噪声的干扰,为了提高超声缺陷检测的准确度,提出一种基于混合分解的 超声回波信号噪声消除方法。 采用经验模态分解算法结合相关系数指标对超声回波信号进行预处理,得到消除低频噪声分量 的超声回波预处理信号。 基于变分模态分解将该预处理信号分解为一系列窄带本征模态函数,引入互信息指标估计变分模态 分解的最优模态数量,并根据窄带本征模态函数与预处理信号的相关系数提取有用的模态分量,实现对超声回波信号去噪结果 的重构。 通过仿真和实测超声回波信号验证了本文方法的去噪性能,并与现有方法进行了对比。 结果表明,本文方法可同时消 除超声回波信号中的高频和低频噪声,在不同信噪比条件下 EMD、VMD 和本文方法去噪结果的 SNR 均值分别为 10. 01、9. 48 和 16. 09 dB,验证了本文方法对于超声回波信号噪声消除的优越性。     

基于BWO优化VMD联合小波阈值的管道泄漏次声波去噪方法

管道泄漏次声波信号中的干扰噪声影响管道泄漏定位的精准度。提出了一种基于白鲸优化算法（BWO）优化变分模态分解（VMD）联合小波阈值（WT）的管道泄漏次声波去噪方法。针对VMD算法中分解层数K和惩罚因子α的取值对信号分解结果影响较大,利用白鲸优化算法（BWO）对VMD分解的两关键参数进行寻优,获得最优参数组合[K、α],并利用优化后的参数对次声波信号进行VMD分解,获得一系列本征模函数（IMF）分量。通过计算各IMF分量的相关系数来区分噪声IMF分量和有效IMF分量,引入一种改进的小波阈值函数对有效的IMF分量进行去噪处理,再重构去噪后各有效IMF分量,得到去噪后的管道泄漏次声波信号。通过仿真实验,将所提方法与灰狼优化算法（GWO）优化VMD联合小波阈值和麻雀搜索算法（SSA）优化VMD联合小波阈值两种方法对比,所提方法去噪后信号的信噪比分别提高了1.27%、2.01%,表明所提方法的去噪效果具有一定的优越性,为后续管道泄漏计算定位奠定了良好的基础。     

基于小波-VMD联合降噪的传动系扭振信号分析

针对试验测得转速、角加速度信号降噪问题,提出一种小波阈值去噪和变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition, 简称VMD）相结合的联合降噪方法,用于对角速度、角加速度信号进行处理。首先,对双质量飞轮减振性能进行整车试验及信号采集,获得双质量飞轮第1质量和第2质量角速度、角加速度信号;其次,对小波进行参数优选,提出以信噪比峰峰值来评价小波参数对其去噪性能的敏感性强弱,在此基础上优选得到小波参数;最后,利用VMD分解得到若干模态分量（intrinsic mode function,简称 IMF）,通过互相关系数选择主要IMF并进行信号重构,获得最终去噪信号,并对去噪结果进行分析。结果表明,所提方法能够有效去除角速度与角加速度信号中的噪声成分,去噪信号与原信号相关系数分别为0.998 5,0.997 5,0.835 4 和0.683 6,同时计算得到双质量飞轮加速工况下角速度和角加速度衰减率都在80%以上,满足设计性能要求。     

基于ICEEMDAN-ACF的自适应MEMS陀螺信号去噪方法北大核心CSCD

针对基于EMD的MEMS陀螺信号去噪方法中存在模态混叠、Hurst指数筛选法和相关系数筛选法无法准确筛选含噪本征模态函数(IMF)的问题,提出一种基于改进自适应噪声完备集合经验模态分解-自相关函数(ICEEMDAN-ACF)的自适应MEMS陀螺信号去噪方法。首先使用ACF自适应阈值判断信号信噪比,对于包含低能量高频成分的低信噪比信号使用小波软阈值预降噪,之后使用ICEEMDAN算法将陀螺信号分解为多个IMF和一个余项,使用ACF自适应阈值筛选噪声主导IMF,剔除噪声主导IMF后重构陀螺信号。实验表明:文中改进算法在低、中、高信噪比条件下的去噪效果均优于小波软阈值法、EMD-Hurst指数法、EMD-相关系数法和EMD-ACF法。     

壳段厚度激光检测信号的变分模态分解去噪

针对双激光位移传感器测量大型壳段厚度过程中噪声对检测精度的影响,提出利用变分模态分解来实现对厚度信号的自适应去噪,利用相邻固有模态函数之间的离散Hellinger距离来获取最佳的模态数。该方法将变分模态分解算法引入到激光信号的自适应滤波过程中,分析并改进了变分模态分解算法的过分解、欠分解以及能量泄露的问题。然后,对改进的变分模态分解与希伯特振动分解和自适应噪声总体集合经验模态分解进行性能对比,提出了固有模态函数的相对瞬时能量概率的概念。最后,结合离散Hellinger概率分布距离理论判断固有模态之间的信噪分界点,实现了对信号的重构及滤波处理。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法对壳段厚度信号处理的信噪比为39.27dB,比自适应噪声总体集合经验模态分解方法提高了10dB,具有良好的自适应性,无需先验条件便能快速有效地识别并分离激光信号中的噪声成分。     

基于VMD和互谱分析的供水管道泄漏定位方法

针对低信噪比(SNR)下的供水管道泄漏振动信号用于时延估计泄漏定位误差大的问题,提出基于变分模态分解(VMD)和互谱分析结合的供水管道泄漏定位方法。首先,利用VMD将管道泄漏信号分解为若干个本征模态函数(IMF),对供水管道泄漏信号进行互谱分析确定特征频带;然后,利用IMF分量在特征频带内的能量比例作为选取准则来确定有效IMF分量,并对选取的有效IMF分量进行重构;最后,对重构信号进行时延估计来确定泄漏点位置。为了验证所提泄漏定位算法的有效性,通过仿真和实验分别对互谱与VMD结合、互相关及VMD与相关系数结合3种方法进行研究。实验结果表明,以上3种定位算法的平均相对定位误差分别为2. 53%,8. 62%和16. 86%。     

基于变分模态分解的管道泄漏信号降噪方法

管道泄漏信号的降噪是精确定位泄漏点的关键,但该信号具有非平稳、非线性的特性,传统方法对这类信号的去噪效果有限。为了有效剔除噪声以提升泄漏定位的精度,提出了一种基于变分模态分解（variational mode decomposition,简称VMD）的自适应降噪方法。首先,通过相关系数筛选有效固有模态函数（intrinsic mode function,简称IMF）实现信号重构;其次,根据重构信号信息熵的最小值,得到VMD的最优分解层数和最优降噪信号;最后,通过负压波理论实现泄漏定位,并搭建了管道泄漏实验系统对所提方法进行验证。结果表明：该方法能有效抑制噪声,保留了信号的波形特征,且能识别出明显的负压波拐点;泄漏定位的最小相对误差为0.9%,最大为3.75%。与传统方法相比,所提方法定位的精度更高,结果更稳定。     

遗传算法VMD参数优化与小波阈值轴承振动信号去噪分析

针对轴承振动信号夹杂的噪声极大地影响有用信息的提取,提出了基于遗传算法的变分模态分解(Variational mode decomposition,VMD)与小波阈值去噪方法。该方法首先利用遗传算法选择合适的VMD参数,然后用VMD方法对含噪声的信号进行自适应分解,最后对分解的模态分别进行小波阈值处理后重构信号,得到去噪后的信号。对实际轴承信号的分析结果表明,该方法与常用的去噪方法相比,能够得到更高的信噪比和更低的均方差。     

变分模态分解与神经网络结合的轴承故障诊断

故障信号特征提取的准确性是保证故障智能诊断识别率的关键因素。低信噪比情况下,故障诊断效果下降。变分模态分解方法(VMD)在信号分解精度和抗噪方面具有明显优势。在分析VMD抗噪性能的基础上,提出以VMD分解的各模态能量作为智能诊断特征信息,并与小波包的特征信息进行对比研究。将滚动轴承两种故障特征信息通过BP神经网络识别,用不同信噪比的加噪故障信号进行测试,结果表明,在低信噪比情况下基于VMD模态能量的故障特征更具有可识别性。     

基于互信息的VMD算法在管道泄漏检测中的应用

针对在管道泄漏检测中,泄漏信号和噪声都与管道状态和环境密切相关,且变分模态分解(VMD)方法不能较好地分解高频部分的信号,存在一定的噪声干扰问题,提出了一种基于互信息的VMD自适应噪声消除算法。首先,通过VMD算法将泄漏信号分解成具有不同特征时间尺度的固有模态函数;然后根据互信息准则,通过依次计算相邻分量之间的互信息值来区分高频和低频信号;最后将经过小波去噪后的高频信号和低频信号一起进行信号重构,得到特征增强信号。试验结果表明,对于信号去噪方面,相对于VMD方法,该方法更具有优越性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.