Effect of strain-induced martensitic phase transformation on the formability of nitrogen-alloyed metastable austenitic stainless steels

Strain-induced martensitic phase transformation and its influence on the formability of newly developed nitrogen-alloyed metastable austenitic stainless steels were systematically investigated. Yield strength for the asreceived steels bearing lownickel content was around 300 MPa and their elongation ratios varied from 55. 2% to61. 7%. Erichsen numbers of these samples differed from 13. 82 to 14. 57 mm. Although its Cu content was lower than that of other samples,steel D2 exhibited better plasticity and formability,which was attributed to γ→α'martensitic phase transformation. EBSD,XRD,and magnetism tests showed that increases in deformation ratio gradually increased the α' martensite phase of a sample,thereby contributing to its strain and inducing the optimal transformation-induced plasticity effect. An M_(d30/50) temperature of around 20 ℃,which is close to the deformation temperature,provided the austenite with adequate stability and gradually transformed it into martensite,thereby endowing lean ASS with better formability.     

Research on martensitic transformation of 304 stainless steel

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、磁性测量和力学分析等手段,研究了304奥氏体不锈钢形变过程中发生开裂的原因,研究发现开裂是由于形变过程中发生了马氏体相变,导致塑性变差引起的,开裂处的磁性率达到了22.9%。发生马氏体转变的原因是由于w（Ni）低于标准下限,其组织稳定性下降,在形变过程中诱发了马氏体转变。     

304不锈钢马氏体组织转变探讨

采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、磁性测量和力学分析等手段,研究了304奥氏体不锈钢形变过程中发生开裂的原因,研究发现开裂是由于形变过程中发生了马氏体相变,导致塑性变差引起的,开裂处的磁性率达到了22.9%。发生马氏体转变的原因是由于w（Ni）低于标准下限,其组织稳定性下降,在形变过程中诱发了马氏体转变。     

1Cr13不锈中板连续热处理工艺研究

电罩退火因时间长造成钢板表面不易酸洗,为了在不影响性能的前提下提高生产效率、改善1Cr13表面酸洗质量,通过试验,确定了利用常化炉各段温度合理调整,进行1Cr13热处理的生产工艺。     

等径角挤压变形奥氏体不锈钢的组织演变

 用实验方法研究了奥氏体不锈钢在等径角挤压冷变形(路径RC)过程中组织变化。实验结果表明：当剪切方向与孪晶带方向成一定角度时,在剪切力的作用下,孪晶逐渐由大块孪晶→由剪切带分割的孪晶(楼梯状)→小块状→奥氏体亚晶或马氏体晶粒;部分孪晶在剪切力作用下,剪切带可直接碎化成具有大角度位向差的细小晶粒(奥氏体亚晶+马氏体晶粒),可发生马氏体相变;当剪切方向与孪晶带方向相同时,孪晶带区域也可发生马氏体转变;3道次变形后,具有明显特征的孪晶已很少,此后继续进行剪切变形,孪晶碎化组织(含马氏体)和奥氏体剪切滑移带(含碎化晶粒)的变形以剪切滑移方式进行,当奥氏体的滑移遇到阻力时,可局部形成局部形变孪晶来协调变形;随变形道次的增加,马氏体转变也越多,在多次剪切以及道次中的交叉滑移作用下,马氏体板条逐渐被高密度位错墙分割而碎化成细小的晶粒;8道次变形后,可获得60~230 nm的等轴晶粒。     

Austenite Grain Refinement by Reverse α′→γ Transformation in Metastable Austenitic Manganese Steel

Microstructure of metastable austenitic manganese steel after reverse transformation treatment was investigated using optical microscopy,X-ray diffraction(XRD),electrical resistivity and hardness testing.Austenite grain refinement was successfully achieved by a two-step heat treatment.First,martensite was produced by cooling the solution-treated samples to-196 ℃.Then,the deep cryogenic treated samples were heated to 850 ℃ upon slow or rapid heating.The mean size of original austenite grain was about 400μm.But the mean size of equiaxed reversion austenite was refined to 50μm.Microstructure evolution and electrical resistivity change showed that martensite plates underwent tempering action upon slow heating,and the residual austenite was decomposed,resulting in the formation of pearlite nodules at the austenite grains boundaries.The refinement mechanism upon slow heating is the diffusion-controlled nucleation and growth of austenite.However,the reverse transformation upon rapid heating was predominated by displacive manner.The residual austenite was not decomposed.The plateα-phase was carbon-supersaturated until the starting of reverse transformation.The reverse transformation was accompanied by surface effect,resulting in the formation of plate austenite with high density dislocations.The refinement mechanism upon rapid heating is the recrystallization of displacive reversed austenite.     

加热制度对316L铸坯微观组织和力学性能的影响

奥氏体不锈钢316L中的δ铁素体含量对其表面质量、热加工性能和力学性能方面有着明显的影响。研究了连铸坯加热过程中不同温度和保温时间对316L中δ铁素体含量、形貌和力学性能的影响,研究表明,316L连铸坯热轧前加热温度在奥氏体单相区以下时,铁素体含量随着加热时间的延长而减少,且温度越高,同样的加热时间其铁素体含量越少;当加热温度处于铁素体＋奥氏体双相区,随着时间的延长,铁素体含量也在逐渐减少,但没有单相区加热时降低的明显,适量δ铁素体的存在有利于提高材料的力学性能。     

405不锈钢高温组织转变研究

通过热膨胀法以及Thermo-Calc热力学计算软件对SA240-405不锈钢铁素体向奥氏体转变的温度进行了测量和计算。进一步结合淬火与回火热处理,分析了405不锈钢在高温下组织随温度与时间的变化关系。研究结果表明,405不锈钢铁素体向奥氏体开始转变的温度为795~832℃,转变终了温度为910~925℃。温度高于1 050℃,随温度升高,奥氏体逐渐向铁素体转变,淬火后的马氏体含量降低。在950及980℃淬火,得到的组织为马氏体与铁素体的双相组织,淬火时间为30~60 min得到的硬度较高;进一步延长淬火时间,硬度逐渐降低。在730℃回火后得到的组织为铁素体与回火马氏体,无明显残余奥氏体,回火后组织的硬度随时间延长逐渐降低。     

Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV

Martensitic stainless steel containing 12%-18%Cr have high hardness due to high carbon content. These steels are common utilized in quenching and tempering processes for knife and cutlery steel.The properties obtained in these materials are significantly influenced by matrix composition after heat treatment,especially as Cr and C content.Comprehensive considered the hardness and corrosion resistance,a new type martensitic stainless steel 6Cr15MoV has been developed.This study emphatic researches the effect of heat treatment processes on microstructure and mechanical properties of 6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel.Thermo-Calc software has been carried out to thermodynamic calculation;optical microscope（OM）,scanning electronic microscope（SEM） and transmission electron microscope（TEM） have been carried out to microstructure observation;hardness and impact toughness test have been carried out to evaluate the mechanical properties.Results show that the equilibrium carbide in 6Cr15MoV steel is M₂₃,C₆ carbide,and finely distributed of M₂₃C₆ carbides can be observed on annealed microstructure of 6Cr15MoV stainless steel.6Cr15MoV martensitic stainless steel has a wider quenching temperature range,the hardness value of steel 6Cr15MoV can reach to 60.8 -61.6 HRC when quenched at 1060 - 1100℃.Finely distributed carbides will exist in quenched microstructure,and effectively inhabit the growth of austenite grain.With the increasing of quenching temperature,the volume fraction of undissolved carbides will decrease.The excellent comprehensive mechanical properties can be obtained by quenched at 1060-1100℃with tempered at 100-150℃,and it is mainly due to the high carbon martensite and fine grain size.At these temperature ranges,the hardness will retain about 59.2-61.6 HRC and the Charpy U-notch impact toughness will retain about 17.3-20 J.The morphology of impact fracture surface of tested steel is small dimples with a small amount of cleavage planes.The area of cleavage planes increases with the increasing of tempering temperature.     

铸态304L奥氏体不锈钢等径角挤压变形研究

 研究了铸态304L奥氏体不锈钢在等径角挤压(ECAP)变形过程中显微组织的演变过程。结果表明,经4道次剪切变形后树枝晶破碎、原始粗大晶粒碎化。显微组织的变化过程可归纳为：原始粗晶粒→晶粒被滑移带分割→位错发展形成高密度位错墙,与滑移带共同作用形成胞块结构→应变增加形成层片状界面→形成大角度晶界的细小晶粒。表明铸态304L奥氏体不锈钢经ECAP变形后塑性变形机制主要由滑移完成。     

Microstructural evolution of 405 stainless steel under high temperature

The ferrite-to-austenite phase transformation temperature of SA240-405 stainless steel was measured using the thermodilatometry method and calculated using Thermo-Calc. In addition,the effect of temperature and the soaking time on the microstructural evolution was investigated for various quenching and tempering treatments. The results indicated that the ferrite-to-austenite transformation of this steel started between 795 ℃and 832 ℃ and finished between 910 ℃ and 925 ℃. W hen the specimens were annealed above 1050 ℃,the austenite gradually transformed into ferrite; consequently,the content of as-quenched martensite decreased with increasing temperature. M oreover,when the specimens were quenched between 950 ℃ and 980 ℃,a microstructure of duplex phases comprising ferrite and martensite was obtained. Relatively high B-scale of Rockwell hardness( HRB) values were observed for quenching times of 30-60 minutes; then,the hardness gradually decreased with increasing quenching time. Tempering at 730 ℃ resulted in ferrite and tempered martensite,and no obvious residual austenite was observed. In addition,the hardness gradually decreased with increasing tempering time.     

冷轧变形量对304不锈钢力学性能的影响

研究304奥氏体不锈钢薄板的硬度随冷轧变形量的变化规律,为奥氏体不锈钢薄板工业生产提供指导。同时,采用金相显微镜、维氏硬度测量、x一射线衍射仪和透射电镜研究了不同变形量冷轧对304不锈钢显微组织和机械性能的影响。在室温对0．5mm厚退火板材进行冷轧,使冷轧变形量从10％增加到52％。结果表明,形变诱发马氏体相变是导致304不锈钢冷轧时产生加工硬化的主要原因,冷轧可以显著提高钢的强度和硬度。当冷轧变形至40％时,304不锈钢的维氏硬度是未变形时的2．2倍,屈服强度、抗拉强度分别增大到未变形时的4．2倍（880MPa）和1．8倍（1312MPa）。     

热处理对S32003经济型双相不锈钢组织和性能的影响

 就不同热处理制度对S32003双相不锈钢的力学性能、金相组织、耐蚀性的影响规律进行研究。结果表明,在850~1100℃之间,随着温度的升高,强度、硬度逐渐降低,而伸长率逐渐增大;在850～900℃热处理,铁素体晶内及铁素体-奥氏体相界锯齿形析出高铬的点状第二相,对耐蚀性能不利。在高于950 ℃热处理的过程中,第二相可以溶解。经对析出相的结构分析,可以确认为Cr2N。     

奥氏体不锈钢309L的组织及力学性能分析

309L是一种奥氏体不锈钢,通过在实验室冶炼、轧制309L不锈钢,并在光学显微镜下观察其在铸态、轧制态以及固溶态下组织特点,发现309L在三种状态下的组织均为奥氏体相和残留的高温δ铁素体相,且这种凝固过程形成的δ铁素体难以通过热处理消除。还通过热模拟试验测定了309L的高温热塑性和变形抗力,并且测试了309L不同冷变形量下的力学性能,为工业生产提供了相关试验依据。