Survey of packaging professionals in the USA

A survey on packaging professionals in the USA was conducted by the School of Packaging at Michigan State University. Subjects of the survey were the School's alumni and Food Packaging Division members of the Institute of Food Technologists. The eight-page questionnaire addressed issues pertaining to their education, training, attitude and opinion about packaging disciplines, employment characteristics, and other aspects of their professional experiences. Out of 4000 people contacted, over 20% responded. The paper examines the general characteristics of packaging professionals in the USA in 1986.     

Ji Young Park,doctoral student at the School of Packaging at Michigan State University,awarded Best Poster at IAPRI symposium

The Packaging Technology and Science journal sponsored the 2009 Best Poster award at the IAPRI (International Association of Packaging Research Institutes) symposium in Greenville, SC, USA, May 2009. The winner of this award at this symposium is Ji Young Park, doctoral student in the School of Packaging at Michigan State University. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

美国密歇根州立大学包装学院包装教育特点(之一)

主要介绍了美国密西根州立大学包装学院的包装教育定位和课程设置特点.     

美国密歇根州立大学包装学院课堂教学与实验室特点(之二)

本文为系列文章的第2部分.主要介绍了美国密歇根州立大学包装学院的课堂教学和实验室使用特点.     

Obituary – Dennis Hine

It is with regret that we record the death of Dennis Hine on 15 June 2007 at the age of 80. Hine joined the Packaging and Allied Trades Research Association (which subsequently became Pira( at the age of 27 and remained with Pira until his retirement. Hine was a gifted scientist with a natural interest in understanding the world around him. He pioneered the development of test instruments that simulated and quantified packaging machine operations, for example, adhesive bonding, film runnability, crease stiffness and carton opening. Test instruments designed by Hine continue to be manufactured and sold around the world. He is particularly noted for his research on carton quality and machine–material interaction during the 1960s and the 1970s. His research reports in this field continue to be cited, and he was awarded a fellowship at the Institute of Packaging in recognition of his contribution to packaging science. The understanding of carton quality developed by Hine is widely applied today and is the basis for the only national standard for crease quality. As well as authoring many technical reports and papers, in his retirement Hine also wrote the textbook Cartons and Cartoning. Hine was awarded a special degree in physics by the London University in 1947, and then worked during the later war years at the Research Association of British Rubber Manufacturers in Croydon on war‐related work. After the war, he was allowed to present his work as a thesis, for which he was awarded a master's degree. Hine had a genuine fascination with understanding the world around him, and he approached research and investigation with enthusiasm tempered only by a highly structured and analytical approach. These qualities can be seen in his personal as well as professional life through his final years, where he took a serious interest in understanding the treatment of his cancer. Dennis Hine is survived by his wife Grace, his three children and four grandchildren.     

美国密歇根州立大学包装学院的工厂实习与毕业设计(之三)

本文为系列文章的第3部分.主要介绍了美国密歇根州立大学包装学院的工厂实习与毕业设计特点.     

Ermakov album

Abstract

When I first met Henry Ries in his home in Manhattan in the mid-1980s, I was struck by his generosity in telling me about his career. Born in 1917 in Berlin-Wilmersdorf in an assimilated Jewish family, Henry (born Heinz) Ries left for New York on 13 January 1938. Initially, he found employment in Bridgeport, Connecticut, where he taught photography at the Jewish community centre and could use their laboratory for his own work. He tried to enlist in the United States Army in December 1941, but this was not possible, since he was an 'enemy alien' and a recent emigrant without American citizenship. In May 1943, he joined the Army Air Corps and received American citizenship. Initially posted to the Pacific theatre, making aerial photographs of China for the 20th Bomber Command, he subsequently transferred to the European theatre, arriving in London in late May 1945. Assigned to the ‘Office Director of Intelligence’, his first job was to evaluate Heinrich Himmler's ‘secret state library’ correspondence with the SS, Hitler, Goebbels, Goring, and others, which was later utilized in the Nuremberg Medical Trial. Three months later, Ries was transferred to Berlin.     

My experiments with thin films—the nanostate of matter

The black art of thin films exhibiting whimsical properties and thus called ‘the fourth state of matter’ enticed the author to a challenge to unravel the mysteries of matter createdab-initio on a nanoscale. Nucleation and growth studies of evaporated and sputtered films (both polycrystalline and epitaxial) and the effects of kinetic energy, angle of incidence, electric field, substrate agitation, formation of metastable and amorphous structures, etc led to exciting discoveries. The fields of amorphous metal alloy and semiconducting films were thus born. Electron and optical transport investigations on pure and doped metal, semiconducting, oxide and polymer films established a variety of new phenomena of which the mean free path effects and specular scattering of conduction electrons in epitaxial metal films, giant thermopower in quenched metal films, sputter quenching, giant photocontraction effect in amorphous Ge-chalcogenide films, enhancement of superconducting transition temperature in transition metal films, nanosize multi layer coating (the first known superlattices) are noteworthy. A variety of new deposition processes such as solution growth of polymer films, solution growth of chalcogenide and oxide films, spray pyrolysis, coprecipitation of multicomponent oxides (for thick films), activated reactive evaporation/magnetron sputtering were innovated. This lecture will share the excitement of the contributions by the author, his 60 Ph.D students and a number of post doctoral fellows and faculty members at the Thin Film Laboratory, IIT Delhi and the Microscience Laboratory at IIT Kharagpur. Distinguished Materials Scientist Award Lecture presented at the MRSI Meeting, Kharagpur on February 8, 1995. Born in 1933 at Chahal Kalan, Panjab (now Pakistan), Kasturi Lal Chopra experienced along with his family the fiery turbulance of partition to reach Delhi. After topping in the matric examination from DAV School in 1948, he went on to earn his B. Sc. (Hons.) in 1952, and M. Sc. (1954) in Physics from Delhi University. As a World University Service Fellow, he took his Ph. D in Low Temperature Physics from the University of British Columbia, Canada. After being a post doctoral fellow at Royal Military College of Canada, and Max Planck Guest Scientist at the Fritz Haber Institute, Berlin, he took up the assignments of a Group Leader at Philco-Food Scientific Laboratory. Blue Bell in 1962 and later a Staff Scientist of Ledgemont Laboratory, Kennecott Copper Corp., USA. The IIT Delhi invited him in 1970 as a Senior Professor to head the Physics Department and establish a school of Solid State Physics. He founded the Thin Film Laboratory and served IIT Delhi for 17 years in various capacities as Head, Physics Department, Energy Centre, and Dean, Post Graduate Studies and Industrial Research and Development. He was appointed Director of IIT Kharagpur in 1987 and is presently serving a second term. He continues to actively pursue R/D activities along with research students and faculty in the Thin Film Laboratory in IIT Delhi, as also in the Microscience Laboratory founded by him at IIT Kharagpur. He has supervised over 60 Ph.D Theses, published over 400 papers and authored/coauthored: “Thin Film Solar Cells”, “Thin Film Phenomena”, “Thin Film Device Applications”, and has edited four other books. Several published papers are now Classic Citations and “Thin Film Phenomena” continues for the last 25 years to be considered a “Bible” of the field. Innovative developments of Prof. Chopra and colleagues have resulted in five US Patents, a dozen knowhow transfers to industry in India and abroad. He has served on the editorial boards of several international journals. He has lectured extensively abroad in various universities and R/D centres and consulted to several international companies. He has been elected a Fellow of the American Physical Society, Indian National Science Academy, Indian Academy of Sciences and Indian Academy of Engineering. He has delivered several memorial lectures and is the recipient of several awards: Bhatnagar Prize (Physics), Bhatnagar Award (Energy), FICCI Award (Science & Technology), Bhasin Award (Energy), Bhabha Award (Applied Sciences), INSA Krishnan Memorial Lecture Award.     

Darwin's vertical thinking: Mountains,mobility, and the imagination in 19th-century geology

Like other aspiring geologists in the 1830s, Darwin focused heavily on the rising and falling of the earth's crust. I use his time in the Andes to underscore the importance he placed on larger questions of vertical movement, which mountains helped to solidify in his mind. His most impressive ramblings occurred in 1835 on two high passes in the Andes. Prior to his upland journey, he was well prepared to see the gradual movement of the earth's crust, but his time in the mountains honed his vertical vision. His actual travels up and over enabled him to think more clearly about rise and fall, and how corresponding geographies could link the past to the present. Mountains were instructive backdrops to his theorizing, partly because he traveled through them, but also because his time there, linked with other geographies, became a means to foster his thinking both spatially and temporally. He did not think about mountains, but with them and through them. He is a good example of the broader vertical consciousness that directed many sciences at this time.     

日本设计师泽田泰广

泽田泰广毕业于日本东京美术与音乐大学平面设计专业，1985年开始他的设计生涯，在日本著名的Suntory酒业公司创作部担任美术指导，1989年，泽田泰广创建了自己的公司——泽田泰广设计工作室，从事广告，出版、包装，纺织品及展览设计，1994年至今他担任日本著名设计学府多摩美术大学的平面设计系副教授。     

Liu Zeyuan's philosophy of engineering and technology: An introduction to his Marxist socioeconomic theory

Liu Zeyuan (1940–2020) was a contributing founder to the Northeastern School in Chinese philosophy of technology. As such, he undertook to develop a theory that built on Marxism as the official ideology of the People's Republic of China. Following an overview of Liu's life and work, this article introduces the Marxist socioeconomic theory that served as a framework for his research. It then describes how he used this theory to reflect on the essential features and historical evolution of engineering and technology along with his analyses of issues related to innovation, ethics, and governance. It includes some reflections on how Liu's thought can be related to other philosophies of engineering and technology both inside and outside China.     

Camouflage and the Half-Hidden History of Max Dupain in War

Max Dupain is Australia's best-known modernist photographer. The least-known period of his working life is the Second World War, when he joined many other Australian artists and served as a camouflage officer for the Department of Home Security, attached to the Royal Australian Airforce. Dupain was trained in aerial photography. He camouflaged airbases in New South Wales and photographed camouflage experiments from the air. When the war moved into the SW Pacific region, Dupain was sent to Goodenough Island in Papua to work alongside Americans. This article addresses the emotional impact of the war on Dupain and contrasts the depersonalised, abstracted aesthetics of functional aerial camouflage photography with The New Guinea Series, a portfolio of documentary photographs of people and landscapes on the islands of New Guinea and Papua. Dupain's war service left him troubled and searching for greater truth through photography. I argue that The New Guinea Series, which was completed independently of Dupain's official employment as a camoufleur, communicates his sharpened awareness of the importance of embodiment as a moral approach to the world. I propose that the New Guinea Series acted as a humanist antidote to the dehumanisation that Dupain experienced through the abstractions of aerial photography.     

Alvin Langdon Coburn

Abstract

One of the most intriguing aspects of Alvin Langdon Coburn's life began when he stopped making photographs. At thirty-six years of age, Coburn had a well established photographic career. He had photographed some of the most important people of his day and was admired and befriended by many of them. A member of the Photo-Secession and the Linked Ring, Coburn was involved in the promotion of photography as an art form. He made Vortographs in 1917 and therefore he is also credited by many as the first purely abstract photographer. Yet, in 1918, Coburn stopped photographing professionally. In his autobiography he said:     

Kepler's Living Cosmology: Bridging the Celestial and Terrestrial Realms

Abstract. Johannes Kepler's system of mathematical archetypes played a primary role in his physical cosmology. Identified as the geometrical models making up the metaphysical blueprint of the material world, Kepler's archetypes underlay every aspect of his world picture. Despite their importance, however, it has remained unclear how Kepler conceived of the archetypes in corporeal terms, that is, how he saw archetypes as being embodied in the form of material phenomena. Kepler's solution, I suggest, is an efficient cause, a facultas animalis, or animate faculty, pervading both the celestial and the terrestrial realms. In addition to its ability to realise the archetypes in their physical form, the animate faculty allowed Kepler to account for heavenly and earthly occurrences in terms of the same geometrical principles. Faraway phenomena such as comets and new stars could thus be seen as essentially comparable to more accessible curiosities on the Earth.     

Dorothy Norman: Love and Muse

Abstract

Stieglitz once said he made love through his camera. He felt it in his beginning years with O'Keeffe. He expressed it with Norman. Lovers from 1929 until he died in 1946, Stieglitz and Norman often spoke to each other in metaphors, moving into each other's mind, heart and troubles. They wrote to each other daily, often two or three times a day; and each summer, separated from the other, wrote detailed, often long, usually involved letters, as if, like lovers everywhere, they will yet get to the root of their uncontrollable passion.     

Os 30 Valérios

Abstract

Valério Vieira (1862–1941) was born in Angra dos Reis in Rio de Janeiro. As a young man he went to the capital where he enrolled in the Escola de Belas Artes (School of Fine Arts) without his parents' approval. It appears that he began his photographic activities in the 1880s in several cities of the Vale do Paraíba and in Ouro Preto, an old town in the State of Minas Gerais. Around 1888, he married Carmen Augusta Villas-Boas Teixeira, and in 1892 he came to São Paulo, where he installed his studio at No. 19, Rua da Imperatriz, now the XV de Novembro street.     

Kunst and conscience

Abstract

This book owes its existence largely to the ‘discovery’ of a new cache of Zille photographs, now in the possession of one of the artist's descendants. Altogether, there are 418 negatives on glass, some glass positives, some contact prints, and about a hundred photographs of which negatives have not been traced. None of this material, had been treated with any particular care; its value had remained unrecognized, in harmony with Zille's own view of his photographic activities, as a means to a very practical end. Famous as a painter and cartoonist of the Berlin scene, he did not himself consider his photographs as Hochkunst, but there is no doubt whatever that modern sensibilities and judgements place them into that category. It is true enough that the present selection of 200 items, beautifully printed and presented one to a page, includes some trivial material, but an astonishing number of images invite comparison with the work of the more famous turn-of-the-century masters, and yield nothing at all to their superior reputations. Zille, who began photographing in 1890, might conceivably have know of Nègre, but there is no evidence that he had ever seen work by Atget, Coburn, Riis or Hine. Indeed, many of Zille's most important photographs predate some of their American parallels, and yet his images reflect the intrinsic qualities of all these artists, while at the same time exhibiting a freshness of approach which is peculiarly his own. This does not come through as a minor descant on a familiar theme; on the contrary, it is the dominant impression, important enough to secure Zille's place in any photographic Hall of Fame. The two examples available as illustrations for this review, though entirely competent, cannot by themselves confirm the impression of the originality and richness that are in store for the reader.     

SCHUMPETER IN THE CONTEXT OF TWO CANONS OF ECONOMIC THOUGHT

The publication of Schumpeter's "lost" seventh chapter--with the holistic and Faustian title "The economy as a whole", so typical of the German economic tradition--again raises the question of the ''duality'' in Schumpeter's economic thinking: On the one hand Schumpeter's typical ''Germanic'' approach, emphasizing dynamics, technical change and the entrepreneur, on the other hand his admiration for the mechanical economics of Walras. This paper attempts to explain Schumpeter's duality--his "schizophrenia"--by placing his work in the context of two different canons of economic thought, the standard mainstream canon (the ordnende and passivist-materialist tradition in Werner Sombart's terms) and what we have labelled "The Other Canon" (the verstehende and activist-idealist tradition in Sombart's terminology). The paper attempts to show that in the light of the now almost extinct Other Canon of economics, Schumpeter appears far less original than what he does to today's mainstream. It is argued that while the Harvard Economics Department during Schumpeter's tenure there moved away from the Other Canon type economics, Schumpeter found ample support and research activity in this alternative canon of economics at Harvard Business School. The paper explores the possible influences and similarities of thought on Schumpeter from three economists associated with Harvard Business School: Herbert Somerton Foxwell, Edwin Gay and Fritz Redlich.     

The Album of Camille Silvy

Abstract

Camille Silvy (1834-1910), an elusive figure in the history of photography, was very successful in the brief 11 years that he produced photographs. He has been primarily known for his beautifully toned cartes-de-visite, in addition to larger images, most prominently River Scene, France. Recently, much attention has been given to this Silvy masterpiece, which has been the subject of a book and an exhibition.¹ The book, intensively researched by Mark Haworth-Booth, sheds considerable light on Silvy's life and career. One of the items that Haworth-Booth uncovered was an album or scrapbook that belonged to Silvy and now belongs to Silvy's descendants in Paris. This album served as a scrapbook or memory book and provides clues and insights into Silvy's life. It reflects his inspirations and early training, his interests, his professional accomplishments, events in his life, and his lifelong interest in documentation.