An Implementation Technique for Multivariate Robust Design

This paper investigates systematically the problem of multivariate robust parameter design.First, a measurement criterion for the total variation of multivariate quality characteristics is introduced by the result of information theory. Then the implementation procedure in the robust design is presented. After that, a simulation example from a practical industrial process is provided. Finally, some comments and further work are discussed.     

动漫形象衍生产品的多元化设计研究

目的研究动漫形象衍生产品的多元化设计方式。方法以设计美学、传播学、品牌管理学为基础,融合动漫设计方法和工业设计理论,通过文献研究、图例分析从再现与改良、装饰化、系列化等方面对动漫形象衍生产品的多元化设计展开分析。结论针对不同消费环境、使用环境、文化背景的动漫形象衍生产品多元化设计既为动漫产业的不断创新提供了新方向,又提升了动漫的实用性,能使动漫产业获得更高的经济效益和社会价值。     

Design Strategies for the Multivariate Exponentially Weighted Moving Average Control Chart

The multivariate exponentially weighted moving average (MEWMA) control chart has received significant attention from researchers and practitioners because of its desirable properties. There are several different approaches to the design of MEWMA control charts: statistical design; economic–statistical design; and robust design. In this paper a review and comparison of these design strategies is provided.Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

关于长方体包装件的集装结构优化设计方案

在长方体包装件的集装运输过程中，为了方便常采用习惯法。分析了习惯装法的不足之处，在平面结构优化中提出了全面搜索优化法和最小边长余量法两种方法；在空间结构优化中提出了平面优化附加垂直方向摆层优化法和全方位摆层空间集装优化法两种方法。通过迭代计算可得出集装的最优个数。     

某乡村酒店客房空调选型设计

介绍了某乡村酒店空调设计,对客房空调系统提出了集中空调、多联空调、单元式空调三个方案,通过空调运行季节的运行费用及设备初投资进行15年本息合算的综合费用比较,显示单元式空调方案是初投资最少,综合费用最省的方案;对单元式空调方案存在外观问题的解决和优化设计;对真实能耗问题进行了剖析。指出空调系统的设计节能与否不仅需考虑设备标配的能效比,还要考虑系统的实际运行及使用情况,以达到设计成果实际节能及综合费用最省的目的。     

Robustness Testing of a Tablet Formulation Using Multivariate Design

ABSTRACT

A total of 45 experiments were carried out to evaluate the robustness of two similar tablet formulations—a product of two strengths—with respect to normal batch-to-batch variation of the excipients and the active pharmaceutical ingredient. The formulations consist of 10 ingredients. Because of the differing amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredients, the two formulations also differ in the amounts of two of the diluents and one of the binders. The excipients and active pharmaceutical ingredient were characterized in terms of multiple variables, and principal properties were calculated with principal component analysis. A Plackett and Burman design was applied to the principal properties. The relationships between the design factors and two responses, mean disintegration time and mean crushing strength, were evaluated by using regression methods. Both formulations were found to be robust under controlled conditions.     

定量包装中计量抽检方案的设计

从市场上抽取定量包装的商品进行检测时,经常碰到的问题是如何合理地抽取被检测的商品数量.文章将利用正态分布函数来讨论抽样方案的设计.     

EPE缓冲包装优化设计

介绍了EPE设计过程中所需注意的厚度选定，刚度，轧模等一系列问题的优化，并论述了优化设计对生产成本等的重要性，对目前用EPE做缓冲包装的公司有着重要的经济意义。     

Sampling Theory

A setup involving p + 1 normal populations Π i with unknown population means μ p and known population variances σ2 i (0 ≤ i ≤ p) is considered; Π0 is the “control” population and Π i (1 ≤ i ≤ p) are the “test” populations. Based on independent observations zii (j = 1, 2, …, Ni ) from Π i (0 ≤ i ≤ p) it is desired to make an exact joint confidence statement of the form {x0 – x i – d < μO – μ i < x 0 x i + rd (1 ≤ i ≤ p)). Here x i = Σ N i i = 1 x ij /N i (0 ≤ i ≤ p) is the observed sample mean from II i , and the constants N = Σ p i , r > ?1, and d > 0 are specified prior to experimentation.

The problem of choosing the N_i (0 ≤ i ≤ p) to maximize the confidence coefficient is considered. A procedure is described which is globally optimal if σ² ₁ = σ² ₂ = … = σ² _p and is optimal in a more restricted sense if not all of the σ² _i (1 ≤ i ≤ p) are equal.

It is shown that the globally optimal proportion of observations _i to be taken from II; (0 ≤ i ≤ p) depends only on the θ _i = σ² _i /σ² ₀ (1 ≤ i ≤ p) and λ = d √N/σ₀. The behavior of the _i as functions of r and λ is studied analytically; formulae are derived for determining the _i . Detailed results are given for p = 2 including tables of the _i (0 ≤ i ≤ 2) as a function of λ for selected r when σ² ₀ = σ² ₁ = σ² ₂. Examples of the use of the tables are provided. These results generalize earlier results for one-sided comparisons (r. = + ∞) given by Bechhofer.     

产品结构及其包装的优化设计方法

开发新产品时有必要根据包装的需要设计结构，并综合考虑其包装设计。即合理选择原材料及结构，提高产品自身强度，减少缓冲材料使用量；简化产品的包装结构设计，减少包装对环境污染，降低包装成本。这是一个多目标，有复杂约束条件的问题，难于用常规优化技术求解。文中通过实例说明产品结构及其包装的实用优化设计方法。     

Bayesian Spatial Multivariate Receptor Modeling for Multisite Multipollutant Data

For the development of effective air pollution control strategies, it is crucial to identify the sources that are the principal contributors to air pollution and estimate how much each source contributes. Multivariate receptor modeling aims to address these problems by decomposing ambient concentrations of multiple air pollutants into components associated with different source types. With the expanded monitoring efforts that have been established over the past several decades, extensive multivariate air pollution data obtained from multiple monitoring sites (multisite multipollutant data) are now available. Although considerable research has been conducted on modeling multivariate space-time data in other contexts, there has been little research on spatial multivariate receptor models for multisite, multipollutant data. We present a Bayesian spatial multivariate receptor modeling (BSMRM) approach that can incorporate spatial correlations in multisite, multipollutant data into the estimation of source composition profiles and contributions, based on discrete process convolution models for multivariate spatial processes. The new BSMRM approach enables predictions of source contributions at unmonitored sites as well as simultaneously dealing with model uncertainty caused by the unknown number of sources and identifiability conditions. The new approach can also provide uncertainty estimates for the predicted source contributions at any location, which was not possible in previous multivariate receptor modeling approaches. The proposed approach is applied to 24-hour ambient air concentrations of 17 Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) measured at nine monitoring sites in Harris County, Texas, between 2003 and 2005. Supplementary materials for this article, including real data and MATLAB codes for implementing BSMRM, are available online on the journal web site.     

基于极径法球径测量的测量点布局设计

本文给出基于极径法球径测量的加权最小二乘估计模型 ,并依据该模型进行球面上测量采样点布局的优化设计。最后 ,对模型和布点设计进行了统计数据仿真测试     

Beyond RPV Design Life

A set of standard surveillance programs for monitoring the design life of reactor pressure vessels (up to 40 years of operation) has been analyzed. In view of the improved test methods and embrittlement evaluation procedures, the necessity has been shown of introducing modifications in the present surveillance programs aiming at a more precise reactor pressure vessel integrity evaluation facing a possible service life of 60 years. Service life predictions are performed for reactor pressure vessels, based on the available surveillance data, reconstituted Charpy specimens, and Master Curve testing.     

Experimental Design: Review and Comment

We review major developments in the design of experiments, offer our thoughts on important directions for the future, and make specific recommendations for experimenters and statisticians who are students and teachers of experimental design, practitioners of experimental design, and researchers jointly exploring new frontiers. Specific topics covered are optimal design, computer-aided design, robust design, response surface design, mixture design, factorial design, block design, and designs for nonlinear models.     

Tables for Normal Sampling with Unknown Variance-the Student Distribution and Economically Optimal Sampling Plans

Industrial scientists and engineers often use experimental designs in which all degrees of freedom are used to estimate effects and consequently no classical estimate of the error is possible. Robust scale estimates provide an alternative measure of the error. In this study, several such scale estimators are evaluated based on the power or related significance tests. The pseudo standard error method of Lenth provides the best overall performance. Lenth's t approximation for critical values was found to be inaccurate, however, so new tables are provided. Additional recommendations are made according to the experimenter's prior belief in the number of likely important factors.     

基于多元共生的社区老龄娱教服务系统设计研究

目的为了缓解中国人口老龄化与社会物质资源配置之间的矛盾,将共生理论与服务设计理念运用到社区老龄娱教服务体系中,为老龄用户提供多元化的娱教服务。方法运用共生理论对参与社区娱教服务的共生单元、共生模式、共生环境进行具体分析,再融合服务设计理念,探讨服务供给主体之间的共生关系,优化系统中的资源配置,实现主体间的协同合作,完成供需平衡的服务体验链的建构,并延展出社区老龄娱教服务系统设计策略。结论通过多元共生模式的社区娱教服务设计理论的架构,明确设计方向,并建立系统功能结构模块,形成多元服务主体共生联动的娱教服务系统,提升社区娱教服务的参与性与结果的适用性,为以后的老龄服务事业提供新的机遇和可借鉴的理论依据。     

博朗为幸福而设计

目的 介绍博朗设计中提升用户幸福感的设计方法。方法 首先,介绍了博朗的企业背景;其次,讨论了幸福是如何产生的;第三,介绍了幸福感的影响因素,包括了解日常活动如何产生快乐,进而提出将实践作为抽象的幸福感和设计之间的纽带,并将幸福具象化,将积极实践作为灵感来源;最后介绍了具体的设计框架。结论 总结了博朗设计中为幸福而设计的经验,例如以实践替代个人、专注于积极体验、向合适的用户学习、将实践画板作为一种通用工具、访谈结果的关联性、设计结果的可追溯性、审查具体目标、专注于幸福的销售解决方案等。     

液压Stewart平台谐振频率优化设计研究

将Stewart平台的液压分支作为假想的单开链,由空间机构的位姿关系建立其组成构件的局部坐标系(LRFs),并利用RPY角描述方法,通过转移矩阵将各构件的刚度及质量矩阵依次转移到固定坐标系(FRF)中,得到了系统谐振频率的计算公式。在此基础上考虑机构的工作空间、液压缸长等约束条件,构建了综合衡量Stewart平台谐振频率的优化模型,分别采用拟牛顿优化算法(QNA)和遗传算法(GA),对系统的最小谐振频率最大化问题实现优化设计。优化结果表明,最小谐振频率与工作空间是互相制约的,在设计时需综合权衡。     

Multivariate crash modeling for motor vehicle and non-motorized modes at the macroscopic level

Macroscopic traffic crash analyses have been conducted to incorporate traffic safety into long-term transportation planning. This study aims at developing a multivariate Poisson lognormal conditional autoregressive model at the macroscopic level for crashes by different transportation modes such as motor vehicle, bicycle, and pedestrian crashes. Many previous studies have shown the presence of common unobserved factors across different crash types. Thus, it was expected that adopting multivariate model structure would show a better modeling performance since it can capture shared unobserved features across various types. The multivariate model and univariate model were estimated based on traffic analysis zones (TAZs) and compared. It was found that the multivariate model significantly outperforms the univariate model. It is expected that the findings from this study can contribute to more reliable traffic crash modeling, especially when focusing on different modes. Also, variables that are found significant for each mode can be used to guide traffic safety policy decision makers to allocate resources more efficiently for the zones with higher risk of a particular transportation mode.